INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_links` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `category`, `description`, `link`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 4, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-25: Determination of Environmental Safety of Rhône Poulenc''s Oxynil Herbicide-Tolerant Brassica napus Canola Line Westar Oxy-235', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-019.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(2, 5, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-26: Determination of the Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc.''s Yieldgard(tm) Insect Resistant Corn (Zea mays L.) Line MON802', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-049.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(3, 3, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-29: Determination of Environmental Safety of EXP1910IT, an Imazethapyr Tolerant Corn Hybrid developed by Zeneca Seeds', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-064.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(4, 2, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 1999-31: Determination of the Safety of Cyanamid Crop Protection''s Imidazolinone-Tolerant Spring Wheat', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-099.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(5, 7, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-23: Determination of Environmental Safety of Dekalb Genetics Corporation''s European Corn Borer (ECB) Resistant Corn (Zea mays L.) Line DBT418', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-047.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(6, 8, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-24: Determination of the Safety of the Crop Development Centre''s ''CDC Triffid'', a Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Variety Tolerant to Soil Residues of Triasulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-031.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(7, 9, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 97-19: Determination of the Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc.''s YieldgardTM Insect Resistant Corn (Zea mays L.) Line MON810', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-034.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(8, 10, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 97-20: Determination of the Safety of NatureMark Potatoes'' Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) Resistant Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Lines ATBT04-6, ATBT04-27, ATBT04-30, ATBT04-31 and ATBT04-36', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-071.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(9, 11, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-21: Determination of the Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc.''s Roundup® Herbicide-Tolerant Brassica rapa Canola Lines ZSR500, ZSR502 and ZSR503', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-070.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 11:25:26'),
(10, 12, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 97-18: Determination of the Safety of Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.''s European Corn Borer (ECB) Resistant Corn (Zea mays L.) Line MON809', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-051.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-05-10 15:06:16'),
(11, 13, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 96-16: Determination of Environmental Safety of Plant Genetic Systems Inc.''s (PGS) Male Sterile Corn (Zea mays L.) Line MS3', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-066.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(12, 48, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 96-15: Determination of Environmental Safety of Dekalb Canada Inc.''s Glufosinate Ammonium-Tolerant Corn Line DLL25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-053.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(13, 14, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 96-14: Determination of Environmental Safety of BollgardTM Insect Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-025.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(14, 15, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD96-10: Determination of Environmental Safety of 3751IR, an Imidazolinone-tolerant Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrid developed by Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-063.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(15, 16, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD96-12: Determination of Environmental Safety of Northrup King Seeds'' European Corn Borer (ECB) Resistant Corn (Zea mays L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-043.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(16, 17, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 96-13: Determination of Environmental Safety of BASF Canada Inc.''s Sethoxydim Tolerant Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrid DK404SR', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-032.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(17, 18, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD96-08: Determination of Environmental Safety of Calgene Inc.''s High Laurate Canola (Brassica napus L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-017.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:39:25'),
(18, 19, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document: DD96-07: Determination of Environmental Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc.''s Roundup® Herbicide-Tolerant Brassica napus Canola Line GT200', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(19, 20, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD96-06: Determination of Environmental Safety of NatureMark Potatoes'' Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) Resistant Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-073.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(20, 21, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD95-05: Determination of Environmental Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc.''s Glyphosate Tolerant Soybean (Glycine max L.) Line GTS 40-3-2', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-081.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(21, 22, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD95-01: Determination of Environmental Safety of Agrevo Canada Inc.''s Glufosinate Ammonium-Tolerant Canola', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(22, 23, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD95-02: Determination of Environmental Safety of Monsanto Canada Inc.''s Roundup® Herbicide-Tolerant Brassica napus Canola Line GT73', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-007.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(23, 24, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD95-03: Determination of Environmental Safety of Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.''s Imidazolinone-Tolerant Canola', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-010.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(24, 25, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD96-09: Determination of Environmental Safety of Event 176 Bt Corn (Zea mays L.) Developed by Ciba Seeds and Mycogen Corporation', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-038.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(25, 26, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD95-04: Determination of Environmental Safety of Plant Genetic Systems Inc. (PGS) Novel Hybridization System for Canola (Brassica napus L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-011.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(26, 27, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision document 96-17: Determination of Environmental Safety of Plant Genetic Systems Inc.''s (PGS) Novel Hybridization System for Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-015.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(27, 6, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document 98-22: Determination of the Safety of AgrEvo Canada Inc.''s Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerant Corn (Zea mays) lines, T14 and T25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-055.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(28, 39, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition 96-068-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Transgenic Glufosinate Resistant Soybean (GRS) Lines W62,           W98, A2704-12, A2704-21, and A5547-35', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/96_06801p_com.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(29, 40, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Approval of AgrEvo Request (98-014-01p) Seeking Extension of Determination of Non-regulated Status For Glufosinate         Resistant Soybean Transformation Event                         A5547-127', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-079.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(30, 41, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'DuPont Petition 97-008-01p for Determination of    Nonregulated Status for Transgenic High Oleic Acid         Soybean Sublines G94-1, G94-19, and G-168', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-084.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(31, 42, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Approval of AgrEvo Request (98-238-01p) Seeking Extension of Determination ofNon-regulated Status For Glufosinate Resistant Soybean Transformation Event GU262', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-080.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(32, 43, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 94-228-01 for Determination of NonregulatedStatusfor Delayed-Ripening Tomato Line 1345-4', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-093.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-11-18 17:26:27'),
(34, 21, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'APHIS-USDA Petition 93-258-01 for Determination ofNonregulated Status for Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Line 40-3-2', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-083.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(35, 38, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 95-352-01P for Determination of Nonregulated                 Status for CZW-3 Squash', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-085.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(36, 30, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'APHIS/USDA Petition 92-204-01 for Determinationof Nonregulated Status for ZW-20 Squash', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-089.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(37, 45, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition 97-336-01p for Determination ofNonregulated Status for Transgenic Glufosinate Tolerant Sugar Beet Transformation Event T120-7', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-090.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(38, 46, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Novartis Seeds and Monsanto Company Petition 98-173-01p for Determination ofNonregulated Status for Transgenic Glyphosate Tolerant Sugar Beet Line GTSB77', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-091.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(39, 47, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 97-148-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Radicchio Rosso Lines Designated as RM3-3, RM3-4, and RM3-6', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-021.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(40, 25, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 94-319-01 for Determination of NonregulatedStatusfor Event 176 Corn', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-042.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(41, 6, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 94-357-01 for Determination of NonregulatedStatusfor Glufosinate Resistant Corn Transformation Events T14 and T25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-057.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(42, 48, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to the Dekalb Genetics Corporation Petition for a Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate Resistant Corn                         Line B16', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-054.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(43, 16, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 95-195-01 for Determination of Nonregulated Status for                        Bt11 Corn', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-046.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(44, 13, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to Plant Genetic System''s Petition for a Determination of      Nonregulated Status for Male Sterile MS3 Corn', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-067.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(45, 7, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Determination of Nonregulated Status for            Insect-Protected Corn Line DBT418', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-048.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(46, 5, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Determination of Nonregulated Status forInsect-Resistant/Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn Line MON 802', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-050.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(47, 1, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'DETERMINATION OF NONREGULATED STATUS FOR GLYPHOSATE-TOLERANTCORN LINE GA21', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-061.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(48, 49, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Determination of Nonregulated Status for Bt Cry9C Insect Resistant and Glufosinate Tolerant Corn                Transformation Event CBH-351', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/97_26501p_com.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(49, 50, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.''s Petition for a Determination ofNonregulated Status for Male Sterile and Glufosinate-Tolerant               Corn Lines 676, 678, and 680', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-065.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(50, 51, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 95-093-01 for Determination of NonregulatedStatus for Insect Protected Corn line MON 80100', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-033.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(51, 29, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition P93-196-01 for Determination thatBXNTM Cotton Poses No Plant Pest Risk', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-029.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(52, 31, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 96-051-01P for the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Transgenic  Sunset'' Papaya  Lines 55-1 and 63-1', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-069.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:44:31'),
(53, 32, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to AgrEvo Petition 97-205-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate Tolerant Canola', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:47:56'),
(54, 34, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 97-013-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Events 31807 and 31808 Cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-028.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:51:19'),
(55, 35, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to DuPont Agricultural Products Petition 95-256-01p For aDetermination of Nonregulated Status for Sulfonylurea Tolerant   Cotton Line                            19-51a', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-030.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(56, 14, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Determination on a Petition 94-308-01p of MonsantoAgricultural Company Seeking Nonregulated Status of Lepidopteran-Resistant Cotton Lines 531, 757, 1076', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-027.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(57, 52, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Monsanto Petition 95-045-01p to USDA/APHIS for Determination ofNonregulated Status of Glyphosate Tolerant Cotton (Roundup ReadyTM)lines 1445 and 1698', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-024.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(58, 20, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 94-257-01 for Determination of Nonregulated Status  for Colorado Potato Beetle-Resistant Potato Lines BT6, BT10, BT12, BT16, BT17, BT18, AND BT23', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-074.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:19:54'),
(59, 10, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Petition 95-338-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Colorado Potato Beetle-Resistant Potato Lines SPBT02-5, SPBT02-7,      ABTB04-6, ABTB04-27, ABTB04-30, ABTB04-31, ABTB04-36', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-072.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(60, 54, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Monsanto Petition 97-339-01p for a Determination of Nonregulated Status for Transgenic Potato Lines Resistant to Colorado Potato Beetle and Potato Virus Y', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-076.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(61, 23, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to Monsanto Petition 98-216-01p for Determination ofNonregulated Status for Glyphosate-Tolerant Canola Line RT73', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-008.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(62, 27, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to AgrEvo Petition 98-278-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Canola Transformation Events MS8 and RF3 Genetically Engineered for Pollination Control and Tolerance to Glufosinate Herbicide', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-016.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(63, 55, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition 98-329-01p Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate Tolerant                              Rice          Transformation Events LLRICE06 and LLRICE62', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-077.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(64, 56, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to Monsanto Petition 97-287-01p for Determination ofNonregulated Status for Insect Resistant Tomato Line 5345', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-095.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(65, 57, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Determination on a Petition     95 324 01p of Agritope, Inc. Seeking     Nonregulated Status for Delayed-Ripening     Cherry Tomato Line 35 1 N', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-094.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(66, 58, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Determination on a Petition 95-053-01p of Monsanto CompanySeeking Nonregulated Status for Delayed-Ripening Tomato Line 8338', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-096.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(67, 59, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'USDA/APHIS Determination on a Petition 94-290-01 of Zeneca PlantScience and Petoseed Company, Inc. Seeking Nonregulated StatusforTomato Lines B, Da, and F with Suppressed Polygalacturonase Enzyme Activity', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-097.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(68, 60, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition 96-068-01p for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Transgenic Glufosinate Resistant Soybean (GRS) Lines W62,           W98, A2704-12, A2704-21, and A5547-35', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-078.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(69, 61, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'RESPONSE TO CALGENE PETITION FOR DETERMINATION OF REGULATORYSTATUS', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-098.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(70, 18, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment', 'Response to Calgene Petition 94-090-01p for Determination ofNonregulated Status for Laurate Canola Lines', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-018.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:39:25'),
(71, 62, 4, 'Australian Genetic Manipulation Advisory Committee (GMAC)', 'GR-1: Commercialisation of carnation geneticallyengineered for improved vase life', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/66_gr01.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(72, 64, 4, 'Australian Genetic Manipulation Advisory Committee (GMAC)', 'GR-2: Commercialisation of violet carnationdeveloped using genetic engineering', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/4_gr02.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(73, 14, 4, 'Australian Genetic Manipulation Advisory Committee (GMAC)', 'GR-3: Application for commercialisation of insect-resistant cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/02135002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(74, 31, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '57.0.1.0.045 Papaya ringspot virus', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-068.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(75, 54, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '57.0.1.0.058 Potato virus Y', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-075.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(76, 38, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '10.0.4.0.001 Cucumber mosaic virus', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-086.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(77, 38, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '57.0.1.0.073 Watermelon mosaic virus2', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-087.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(78, 38, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '57.0.1.0.077 Zucchini yellow mosaicvirus', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-088.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(79, 30, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '57.0.1.0.073 Watermelon mosaic virus2', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-087.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(80, 30, NULL, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '57.0.1.0.077 Zucchini yellow mosaicvirus', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-088.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(81, 53, 0, 'International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Universal Virus Database', '39.0.1.0.012 Potato leafroll virus', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-100.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(82, 66, 41, 'US Code of Federal Regulations Notice', 'Extension of determination of nonregulated status for corn genetically engineered for male sterility and glufosinate herbicide tolerance as a marker.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/99-010-1.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(83, 8, 41, 'US Code of Federal Regulations Notice', 'Univerisity of Saskatchewan; Availability of determination of nonregulated status for flax genetically engineered for tolerance to soil residues of sulfonylurea herbicides.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/99-002-2.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(84, 54, 41, 'US Code of Federal Regulations Notice', 'Monsanto Co.; Availability of determination of nonregulated status for potato genetically engineered for insect and virus resistance.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/98-067-2.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(85, 27, 41, 'US Code of Federal Regulations Notice', 'AgrEvo USA Co.; Availability of determination of nonregulated status for canola genetically engineered for male sterility, fertility restoration, and glufosinate herbicide tolerance.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/98-114-2.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(86, 46, 41, 'US Code of Federal Regulations Notice', 'Novartis Seeds & Monsanto Co.; Availability of determination of nonregulated status for sugar beet genetically engineered for glyphosate herbicide tolerance.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/98-079-2.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(87, 23, 41, 'US Code of Federal Regulations Notice', 'Monsanto Co.; Availability of determination of nonregulated status for canola genetically engineered for glyphosate herbicide tolerance.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/98-089-2.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(88, 83, 41, 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Availability of Determination of Nonregulated Status for Tobacco Genetically Engineered for Reduced Nicotine.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/03-349-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(178, 52, 4, 'Australia New Zealand Food Authority', 'Draft risk assessment: Application A355 - food produced from glyphosate tolerant cotton line 1445.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/02135004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(179, 52, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning glyphosate tolerant cotton lines 1445 and 1698', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM026.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(180, 34, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning BXN with Bollgard cotton.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM047.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(181, 29, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning BXN cotton.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_links` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `category`, `description`, `link`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
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(183, 61, 15, 'European Commission Scientific Committee on Food', 'The evaluation of the toxicological information related to the safety assessment of genetically modified tomatoes.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/out69_en.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(184, 59, 15, 'European Commission Scientific Committee on Foods', 'Opinion on a request for consent to place on the market a tomato fruit genetically modified to down-regulate the production of polygalacturonase (PG), and solely intended for processing.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/out42_en.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(185, 43, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning delayed ripening tomato line 1345-4', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM007.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-11-18 17:26:27'),
(187, 59, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning reduced polygalacturonase activity tomatoes.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(188, 30, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning the industry consultation on virus-resistant ZW-20 squash.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(189, 38, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning virus-resistant squash CZW-3', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM043.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(190, 56, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-resistant tomato line 5345.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM054.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(191, 2, 8, 'Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', 'Decision summary for imidazolinone tolerant wheat.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/53sumdoce.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(193, 55, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning glufosinate herbicide tolerant rice lines LLRICE06 and LLRICE62.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM063.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(194, 31, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning virus-resistant papaya line 55-1.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM042.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(195, 46, 4, 'Australia New Zealand Food Authority', 'Draft risk assessment: Application A378, food derived from glyphosate tolerant sugar beet line GTSB77', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/anzfa_gtsb77.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(196, 50, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning male sterile, herbicide tolerant maize.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM036.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(197, 45, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning glufosinate herbicide tolerant sugar beet.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM038.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(198, 25, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-resistant maize event 176.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM024.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(199, 18, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning high laurate, high myristate canola.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM025.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:39:25'),
(200, 14, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-resistant cotton.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM013.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(202, 66, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file conerning male sterile, herbicide tolerant maize.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM066.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(203, 20, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-resistant potatoes.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(205, 48, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning glufosinate tolerant maize line DLL25.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM028.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(206, 6, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning glufosinate herbicide tolerant maize lines T14, T25.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM029.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(207, 5, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-protected, herbicide tolerant maize.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM035.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(208, 51, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-protected maize line MON80100', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM018.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(210, 32, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning herbicide-tolerant canola line T45.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM046.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(211, 6, 4, 'Australia New Zealand Food Authority', 'Draft risk assessment for application A375: food derived from glufosinate tolerant maize line T25.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/a375.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(212, 27, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning male sterility / fertility restoration glufosinate tolerant canola lines MS8, RF3, and MS8xRF3 hybrids.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM057.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(213, 53, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect resistant and PLRV resistant potatoes.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM048.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(214, 52, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biosafety Office', 'Decision document 97-21: Determination of the safety of cotton lines with Roundup Ready™ Genes', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-290-022.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(217, 9, 41, 'US Food and Drug Administration', 'Memorandum to file concerning insect-protected maize lines MON810, 809.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfM034.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
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(222, 28, 41, 'US Environmental Protection Agency', 'Biopesticide Registration Action Document: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F Corn.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/brad_006481.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(246, 4, 4, 'Australia New Zealand Food Authority', 'Draft Assessment A388: Oil from bromoxynil-tolerant canola line Westar Oxy235.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/02123002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(252, 74, 4, 'Australia New Zealand Food Authority', 'Final risk assessment report: glyphosate-tolerant corn line NK603', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/02135005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-04 13:46:43'),
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(254, 26, 41, 'U.S. Food and Drug Administration', 'Letter to file regarding voluntary consultation.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/bnfL032.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(369, 61, 41, 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Calgene, Inc. Petition for Determination: FLAVR SAVR TM Tomato as a Non-Regulated Article under 7 CFR 340', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(370, 30, 41, 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Asgrow Seed Company (Upjohn) Petition for Determination of Regulatory Status of ZW-20 squash', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(371, 29, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Calgene, Inc. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Staus under 7 CFR 340: BXNTM Cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(372, 21, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Soybeans with a Roundup ReadyTM Gene', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(373, 18, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Calgene, Inc. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Laurate Canola (Brassica napus)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:39:25'),
(374, 43, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'DNA Plant Technology Corporation Petition for Determination of Non-regulated Status: Delayed-Ripening Tomato Line 1345-4', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-11-18 17:26:27');
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_links` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `category`, `description`, `link`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(376, 20, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Potatoes Producing the Colorado Potato Beetle Control Protein of Bacilllus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-007.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(377, 59, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Zeneca Seeds Petition for Release from Regulation for Modified Lines B, Da and F Derived from T7 Varieties of Processing Tomatoes', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-008.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(378, 14, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Non-regulated Status: BollgardTM Cotton Line 531 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with the gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-009.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(379, 25, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Petition for determination of nonregulated status of Ciba Seeds'' corn genetically engineered to express the Cry1A(b) protein from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-010.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(380, 6, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate Resistant Corn Transformation Events T14 and T25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-011.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(381, 52, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Non-regulated Status of Cotton with the Roundup ReadyTM gene, Lines 1445 and 1698', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-012.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(382, 58, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Tomatoes with a Delayed Ripening Gene', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-013.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(383, 51, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Insect Protected Corn (Zea mays L.) with the cry1A(b Gene from Bacillus thruingiensis subsp. kurstaki', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-014.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(384, 48, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Dekalb Genetics Corporation Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Glufosinate Resistant Corn Line B16', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-015.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(385, 13, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Plant Genetic Systems (America) Inc. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Male Sterile, Glufosinate Tolerant Corn Transformation Even MS3', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-016.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(386, 35, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'DuPont Agricultural Products Petition for the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Sulfonylurea Tolerant Cotton Line 19-51A', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-017.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(387, 57, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Agritope Inc. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Cherry Tomatoes with a S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase Gene', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-018.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(388, 10, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Potatoes Producing the Colorado Potato Beetle Control Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-019.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(389, 38, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Asgrow Seed Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Squash Line CZW-3 Containing the Coat Protein Genes form Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV), Watermelon Mosaic Virus 2 (WMV 2) and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-020.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(390, 12, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Non-regulated Status of Additional Yieldgard Corn Lines MON 809 and 810', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-021.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-05-10 15:06:16'),
(391, 9, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Non-regulated Status of Additional Yieldgard Corn Lines MON 809 and 810', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-021.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(392, 60, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Glufosinate Resistant Soybean Transformation Events', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-022.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(393, 7, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Dekalb Genetics Corporation Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Insect Protected Corn (Zea mays L.) with the cry1A(c) Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-023.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(394, 41, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'DuPont Agricultural Products Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: High Oleic Acid Transgenic Soybean Sublines Derived from Transformation Event 260-05', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-024.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(395, 34, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Calgene Inc. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for BXN® with Bt Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-025.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(396, 47, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Benjo Zaden BV Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status for: Radicchio rosso (Cichorium intybus L.)  with a new male sterility system (SEED LINKTM)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-027.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(397, 53, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Application for an Extension of the Determination of Nonregulated Status for NewLeaf® Plus Potato Line RBMT22-82', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-028.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(398, 32, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Staus: Glufosinate Tolerant Canola Transformaiton Event T45', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-029.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(399, 49, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: BtCry9C Insect Resistant, Glufosinate Tolerant Corn Transformation Event CBH-351', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-030.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(400, 56, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Insect Resistant Tomato Line 5345 (Lycopersicon esculentum) Producing the Cry1Ac Insect Control Protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-031.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(401, 45, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Glufosinate Tolerant Sugar Beet, Transformation Even T120-7', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-032.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(402, 54, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determinaiton of Regulatory Status for NewLeaf® Y Potato Lines RBMT15-101, SEMT15-02, and SEMT15-15', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-033.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(403, 40, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Applicatio for an Extension of the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate Resistant Soybean Transformation Events (96-068-1p): Event A5547-127', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-034.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(404, 46, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Novartis Seeds and Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status of Glyphosate Tolerant Sugarbeet Line 77', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-035.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(405, 42, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Application for an Extension of the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate Resistant Soybean Transformation Evens (96-068-1p): Event GU262', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-036.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(406, 27, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: In Vigor® Hybrid Canola Transformation Events MS8/RF3', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-037.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(407, 55, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Petition for Determination of Nonregulatory Status: LibertyLink® Rice Transformation Events LLRICE06 and LLRICE62', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-038.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(408, 66, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'AgrEvo USA Company Application for an Extension of the Determination of Nonregulated Status for a Hybrid Seed Production System in Corn Based on Male Sterility and Glufosinate Tolerance as a Marker (95-228-01p): Event MS6', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-039.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(409, 74, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Request for Extension of Determination of Nonregulated Status to the Additional Regulated Article: Roundup Ready Corn Line NK603', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-041.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-04 13:46:43'),
(410, 83, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Vector Tobacco Inc. Application for Determination of Nonregulated Status for Vector 21-41 Reduced-Nicotine Tobacco', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-042.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(411, 26, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Aventis CropScience Application for an Extension of the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate-Tolerant Canola Transformation (98-278-01p): MS1/RF1/RF2', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-043.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(412, 22, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Aventis CropScience Application for an Extension of the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Glufosinate-Tolerant Canola Transformation (97-205-01p): Topas 19/2', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-044.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(413, 5, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for Determination of Nonregulated Status: Insect-Protected Roundup Ready Corn Line MON 802', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-045.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(414, 95, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Dow AgroSciences LLC and Pioneer Hi-Bred International Application for the Determination of Nonregulated Status for B.t. Cry34/35Ab1 Insect-Resistant, Glufosinate-Tolerant Corn: Corn Line 59122', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-046.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(415, 96, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for the Determination of Nonregulated Status for MON 88017 Corn', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-047.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(416, 97, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Roundup Ready® Flex Cotton MON 88913', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-048.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(417, 77, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Request for Determination of Non-Regulated Status for the Regulated Article: Bollgard® II Cotton Event 15985 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Producing the Cry2Ab Insect Control Protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-242-049.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(418, 60, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Food derived from glufosinate ammonium tolerant soybean lines A2704-12 and A5547-127', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(419, 110, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A509 - Food derived from insect-protected cotton line COT102', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(420, 110, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'First Review Report: Application A509 - Food derived from insect-protected cotton line COT102', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(421, 79, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Initial Assessment Report: Application A524 - Food derived from herbicide - tolerant wheat MON 71800', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(422, 94, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A525 - Food derived from herbicide - tolerant sugar beet H7-1', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-007.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(423, 82, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Draft Assessment Report: Application A533 - Food derived from glufosinate-ammonium-tolerant Cotton Line LL25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-008.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(424, 14, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'DIR 022/2002: Commercial release of insecticidal (INGARD® event 531) cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-246-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(425, 28, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A446 - Insect / glufosinate resistant corn line 1507', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-246-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(426, 93, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Feed Section', 'Decision Document DD2005-51 - Determination of the Safety of Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. Insect Resistant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Event 3006-210-23', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-265-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(427, 92, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Feed Section', 'Decision Document DD2005-52 - Determination of the Safety of Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. Insect Resistant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Event 281-24-236', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-265-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(428, 95, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'USDA-APHIS Decision on Dow AgroSciences and Pioneer Hi-Bred International Petition 03-353-01P Seeking a Determinaiton of Nonignificant Impact for Bt cry34/35Ab1 Insect Resistant Corn Line DAS-59122-7: Environmental Assessment', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-291-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(429, 110, 41, 'United States Food and Drug Administration', 'Biotechnology Consultation Note to the File BNF No. 000094', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-291-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(430, 1, 2, 'Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Pesca y Alimentos: Republica Argentina', 'Noticias de la SAGPyA: La SAGPyA autorizo el uso de maiz GA21', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-291-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(431, 82, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A533 - Food Derived from Glufosinate Ammonium-Tolerant Cotton Line LL25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-292-021.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(432, 94, 8, 'Health Canada Novel Foods', 'Novel Food Information - Glyphosate Tolerant Sugar Beet Event H7-1', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-312-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(433, 95, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A543 - Food Derived from Insect-Protected Glufosinate Ammonium-Tolerant Corn Line 59122-7', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-327-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(434, 94, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'First Review Report: Application A525 - Food Derived from Herbicide-Tolerant Sugar Beet H7-1', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-327-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(435, 82, 8, 'Health Canada Novel Foods', 'Novel Food Information - Glufosinate-Tolerant Cotton Event LLCotton25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-327-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(436, 95, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biosafety Office', 'Decision Document DD2005-55: Determination of the Safety of Dow AgroSciences Canada Inc. and Pioneer Hi-Bred Production Inc.''s Insect Resistant and Glufosinate-Ammonium Herbicide Tolerant Corn (Zea mays L.) Line 59122', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-354-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(438, 96, 41, 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency', 'Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Bb1 protein and the genetic material necessary for its production (Vector ZMIR39) in Event MON 88017 corn (OECDUnique Identifier: MON-88Ø17-3) Fact Sheet', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-011-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(439, 96, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'USDA-APHIS Decision on Monsanto Petition 04-125-01P Seeking a Determinaiton of Nonregulated Status for Bt cry3Bb1 Insect Resistant Corn Line MON 88017: Environmental Assessment', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-011-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(440, 111, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Monsanto Co. Petition for the Determination of Nonregulated Status for Lysine Maize LY038', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-012-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(441, 1, 15, 'European Commission Scientific Committee on Food', 'Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the safety assessment of the genetically modified maize line GA21, with tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate (expressed on 27 February 2002)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-031-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(443, 111, 41, 'U.S.Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment: In response to Monsanto Petition 04-229-01P seeking a determination of nonregulated status for Lysine Maize line LY038, OECD Unique Identifier REN-ØØØ38-3', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-038-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(444, 82, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'First Review Report: Application A533 - Food Derived from Glufosinate-Ammonium Tolerant Cotton Line LL25', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-040-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(445, 97, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A553 - Food Derived from Glyphosate-Tolerant Cotton Line MON88913', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-040-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(446, 97, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency', 'Decision Document DD2005-56: Determination of the Safety of Monsanto Canada''s Roundup Ready® Flex Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Line MON88913', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-047-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(447, 97, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator, Australia', 'Decision on issuing a license for application DIR 059/2005: Commercial release of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (Roundup Ready Flex) and herbicide tolerant/insect resitant cotton (Roundup Ready Flex®/Bollgard II®)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-059-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(449, 28, 15, 'European Food Safety Authority', 'Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Genetically Modified Organisms on an application (reference EFSA-GMO-NL-2004-02) for the placing on the market of insect-tolerant genetically modified maize 1507, for food use, under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Pioneer Hi-Bred International/Mycogen Seeds', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-066-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(450, 96, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency', 'Decision Document DD2006-57: Determination of the Safety of Monsanto Canada''s Glyphosate-Tolerant, Corn-Rootworm-Protected Corn (Zea mays L.) Event MON 88017', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-066-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(451, 55, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency', 'Decision Document DD2006-58;  Determination of the Safety of Bayer CropScience’s Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerant Rice (Oryza sativa) Event LLrice62', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-208-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(452, 111, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Draft Assessment Report, Application A549: Food Derived from High Lysine Corn LY038', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-185-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(476, 52, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-Ø1445-2.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-285-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(480, 28, 15, 'European Commission', 'COMMISSION DECISION of 3 March 2006 authorising the placing on the market of food containing, consisting of, or produced from genetically modified maize line 1507 (DAS-Ø15Ø7-1) pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(482, 75, 15, 'European Commission', 'COMMISSION DECISION of 13 January 2006 authorising the placing on the market of foods and food ingredients derived from genetically modified maize line MON 863 as novel foods or novel food ingredients under Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-008.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(483, 75, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-ØØ863-5.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-009.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(486, 1, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-???1-9.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-012.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(488, 100, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-ØØ863-5 x MON-ØØ81Ø-6.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-014.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(489, 74, 15, 'European Commission', 'COMMISSION DECISION of 3 March 2005 authorising the placing on the market of foods and food ingredients derived from genetically modified maize line NK 603 as novel foods or novel food ingredients under Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-015.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-04 13:46:43'),
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(491, 74, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-ØØ6Ø3-6.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-017.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-04 13:46:43'),
(492, 16, 15, 'European Commission: Scientific Committee on Food', 'Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on a request to place genetically modified sweet maize line Bt11 on the market (expressed on 17 April 2002).', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-018.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(493, 16, 15, 'European Commission', 'COMMISSION DECISION of 19 May 2004 authorising the placing on the market of sweet corn from genetically modified maize line Bt11 as a novel food or novel food ingredient under Regulation (EC) No 258/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-019.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(494, 16, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of SYN-BT Ø11-1.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-020.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(495, 9, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-ØØ81Ø-6.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-021.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(496, 106, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'COMMISSION DECISION of 25 April 2007 on the withdrawal from the market of products derived from GA21xMON810 (MON-ØØØ21-9xMON-ØØ81Ø-6) maize.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/07-323-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(498, 25, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'COMMISSION DECISION of 25 April 2007 on the withdrawal from the market of Bt176 (SYN-EV176-9) maize and its derived products', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/07-323-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(526, 114, 22, 'Japanese Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment', 'Outline of the biological diversity risk assessment report: Type 1 use approval for MON810 x MON88017', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-291-013.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(534, 77, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Decision on issuing licence made for application DIR 012/2002: Commercial release of Bollgard II® and Bollgard II®/Roundup Ready® cotton south of latitude 22º South.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(535, 77, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan:  Commercial release of Bollgard II® and Bollgard II®/Roundup Ready® cotton.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(536, 77, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Decision on issuing a license for application DIR 66/2006:  Commercial release of five herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant GM cotton lines in northern Australia.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(537, 115, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Decision on issuing a license for application DIR 66/2006:  Commercial release of five herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant GM cotton lines in northern Australia.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(538, 97, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Decision on issuing a license for application DIR 66/2006:  Commercial release of five herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant GM cotton lines in northern Australia.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(539, 52, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Decision on issuing a license for application DIR 66/2006:  Commercial release of five herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant GM cotton lines in northern Australia.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(540, 77, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan for application DIR 066/2006:  Commercial release of five herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant GM cotton lines in northern Australia.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_links` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `category`, `description`, `link`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
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(543, 52, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan for application DIR 066/2006:  Commercial release of five herbicide tolerant and/or insect resistant GM cotton lines in northern Australia.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-300-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(662, 52, 10, 'Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural', 'Resolution 01006: Authorization for the commercial sowing of cotton with Roundup Ready technology in the Colombian Humid Caribbean coast and dry Caribbean coast.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/08-365-018.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(663, 106, 30, 'Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Combined trait product corn: MON 810 x GA21 for Direct Use Food, Feed, and Processing.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/08-365-019.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(665, 125, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’ s Soybean Mon 89788 (Herbicide Tolerant soybean) for Direct Use as Food, Feed, and for Processing.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/08-365-021.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(677, 137, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Application A1001 Food Derived from Insect-Protected Corn Line MIR162: Assessment Report', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-050-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(678, 137, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Amendment No. 106 – 2009 (Commonwealth of Australia Gazette No. FSC 48 Thursday, 12 February 2009).', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-050-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(681, 139, 15, 'European Food Safety Authority', 'Application EFSA-GMO-NL-2007-XX: Part II Summary', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-052-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(682, 40, 8, 'Health Canada Novel Foods', 'Novel Food Information: Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerant Soybean Lines A2704-12 and A5547-127', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-052-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(695, 142, 41, 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Petition for determination of nonregulated status for the X17-2 line of papaya: A papaya ringspot virus resistant papaya', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-055-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(696, 28, 7, 'Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio (Brazil)', 'Risk Assessment of Insect Resistant Maize (TC 1507)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-060-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(697, 82, 7, 'Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio (Brazil)', 'Risk Assessment of Insect Resistant Cotton (LLCotton25)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-060-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(699, 1, 7, 'Comiss? T?nica Nacional de Biosseguran? - CTNBio (Brazil)', 'Risk Assessment of Herbicide Tolerant Maize (GA21)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-060-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(702, 133, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'APPLICATION A1006 FOOD DERIVED FROM HERBICIDE-TOLERANT SOYBEAN LINE DP-356043-5 FIRST ASSESSMENT REPORT', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-080-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(703, 21, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Application A338: Food derived from glyphosate-tolerant soybean GTS 40-3-2, full assessment report', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-094-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(704, 21, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Application A338: FSANZ comment on new soybean data', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-094-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(705, 23, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto‘s Canola RT73 (Glyphosate- Herbicide Tolerant Canola) for Direct Use as Food, Feed and Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(706, 75, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Corn MON 863 (Insect-Resistant Corn) for Direct Use as Food, Feed and for Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(707, 28, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Pioneer Hi-Bred’s And Dow Agro Sciences’ Corn 1507 (Insect resistant, herbicide tolerant Corn) for Direct Use as Food, Feed and For Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(708, 1, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto?s Corn GA 21 (Herbicide Tolerant Corn) for Direct Use as Food, Feed and for Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(709, 74, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Corn NK 603 (Glyphosate-Tolerant Corn) for Direct Use as Food, Feed and for Processing and for Propagation', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-04 13:46:43'),
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(711, 16, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Syngenta’s Corn BT11 (Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant Corn) for Direct use as Food, Feed, and for Processing and for Propagation', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-007.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(713, 116, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Pioneer’s and Dow Agro Sciences’ Combined trait product corn: 1507 x 59122 for Direct use as Food, Feed, and Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-009.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(715, 112, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Combined trait product corn: LY038 X MON 810 for Direct use Food, Feed, and Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-011.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(716, 115, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Combined trait cotton product: MON 15985 x MON 88913 for Direct Use as Food, Feed, and for Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-012.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(717, 96, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Corn MON 88017 (Insect Resistant and HerbicideTolerant Corn) for Direct use as Food, Feed and for Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-013.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(718, 97, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Cotton MON 88913 (Herbicide Tolerant Cotton) for Direct Use as Food, Feed and for Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-014.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(720, 94, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Sugar beet H7-1(Glyphosate- Herbicide Tolerant Sugar beet) For Direct Use as Food, Feed and For Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-016.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_links` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `category`, `description`, `link`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
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(726, 138, 41, 'United States Environmental Protection Agency', 'Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab Delta-Endotoxin Protein and the Genetic Material Necessary for Its Production (via Elements of Vector pZO1502) in Event Bt11 Corn (OECD Unique Identifier: SYN-BTØ11-1)(006444) & Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa20 Insecticidal Protein and the Genetic Material Necessary for Its Production (via Elements of Vector pNOV1300) in Event MIR162 Maize (OECD Unique Identifier: SYN-IR162-4)(006599) Fact Sheet', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-024.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(727, 133, 22, 'Japanese Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment', 'Outline of the biological diversity risk assessment report: Type 1 use approval for DP-356Ø43-5.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-150-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(728, 139, 8, 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'Decision Document DD2009-76: Determination of the Safety of Pioneer Hi-Bred Production Ltd.''s Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Event 305423', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-173-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
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(857, NULL, 37, 'Federal Office for Agriculture', 'Ordinance on Plant Protection Products. 2005', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-164-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(858, NULL, 37, 'Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications', 'Ordinance on the Transboundary Movements of Genetically Modified Organisms (Cartagena Ordinance. CartO). 2004', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-164-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(859, NULL, 38, 'Department of Health. Taiwan', 'Guidelines: Registration Requirement for Genetically Modified Soybean and Genetically Modified Corn. 2001', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-164-006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(860, NULL, 38, 'Department of Health. Taiwan', 'Guidelines: Labelling Requirements for Food Containing Ingredient of Genetically Modified Soybean or Genetically Modified Corn. 2001', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-164-007.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(861, NULL, 19, 'Department for Environment. Food and Rural Affairs', 'Genetically Modified Organisms (Deliberate Release) Regulations No. 2443. 2002', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-164-008.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(862, NULL, 20, 'Genetic Engineering Advisory Committee', 'The Indian Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines and Regulations', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-154-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(863, NULL, 26, 'Bureau GGO', 'GMO Decree 1990', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-154-006.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(864, NULL, 20, 'Department of Biotechnology. Ministry of Science and Technology', 'Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic Plants and Guidelines for Toxicity and Allergenicity Evaluation of Transgenic Seeds. Plants and Plant Parts', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-292-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(866, NULL, 2, 'Secretariat of Agriculture. Livestock. Fisheries and Food. Argentina', 'Marco Regulatorio de la Biotecnología Agropecuaria en La República Argentina', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-325-002.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(868, NULL, 7, 'National Technical Commission on Biosafety - CTNBio', 'CTNBio Internal Regulation: Directive No. 146. March 6 2006', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-340-004.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(869, NULL, 24, 'COFEPRIS', 'Procedimiento de Evaluación de Inocuidad de Organismos Genéticamente Modificados destinadosal uso o consumo humano. procesamiento de alimentos. biorremediación y salud pública', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/07-138-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, NULL),
(877, 166, 41, 'USDA-APHIS Biotechnology Regulatory Services', 'Petition for a determination of nonregulated status for 4114 maize', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/decdocs/11_24401p.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-16 21:20:46', '2013-08-23 00:19:19'),
(888, 107, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator', 'DIR 023/2002: Commercial release of herbicide tolerant (Roundup Ready) and herbicide tolerant/insect resistant (Roundup Ready/INGARD) cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-246-001.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(887, 107, 22, 'Japanese Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment', 'Outline of the Biological Diversity Risk Assessment Report: Type 1 Use for MON-01445-2 x MON-00531-6 insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-222-011.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(879, 98, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'First Review Report: Application A518 - Food derived from insect-protected herbicide tolerant cotton line MXB-13', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-005.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:23:29', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(886, 98, 19, 'U.K. Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment', 'Advice on a notification for marketing of insect resistant GM cotton (281-24-236/3006-210-23)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-223-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(878, 98, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Final Assessment Report: Application A518 - Food derived from insect-protected herbicide tolerant cotton line MXB-13', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-245-004.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:23:29', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(885, 98, 19, 'U.K. Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment', 'Advice on a notification for marketing of insect resistant GM cotton (281-24-236/3006-210-23)', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/01-166-002.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-30 15:20:01', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(880, 98, 22, 'Japanese Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment', 'Outline of the biological diversity risk assessment report: Type 1 use approval for 281 x 3006', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-283-007.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:23:29', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(881, 98, 7, 'Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio (Brazil)', 'Risk Assessment of WideStrike Cotton', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-080-001.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:23:29', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(882, 98, 41, 'U.S. Environmental Protection Agency', 'Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1F/Cry1Ac construct 281/3006 insecticidal crystal protein as expressed in cotton (006445 & 006481) fact sheet', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-223-001.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:23:29', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(883, 98, 19, 'U.K. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs', 'Comments or objections to the placing on the market of a GMO under Part C of Directive 2001/18/EC (Article 15): Insect resistant cotton 281-24-236/3006-210-23', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/05-223-002.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:23:29', '2013-09-03 13:10:53'),
(884, 99, 22, 'Japanese Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment', 'Outline of the biological diversity risk assessment report: Type 1 use approval for 281 x 3006 x MON1445', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-283-008.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 15:26:53', '2013-08-29 15:26:53'),
(889, 107, 15, 'European Commission: Community Register of GM Food and Feed', 'Notification of the placing on the Community Register of MON-ØØ531-6 x MON-Ø1445-2-2.', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-286-005.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(890, 107, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Combined Trait Product Cotton: MON 531 x MON 1445 for Direct Use as Food, Feed and for Processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-019.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(891, 107, 7, 'Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio (Brazil)', 'Technical Opinion No. 2051/2009', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-290-003.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(898, 108, 30, 'Philippines Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry', 'Determination of the Safety of Monsanto’s Combined Trait Product of Cotton: MON 15985 x MON 1445 for direct use as food, feed and for processing', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/09-131-018.pdf', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(899, 119, 22, 'Japanese Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment', 'Outline of the biological diversity risk assessment report: Type 1 use approval for 281 x 3006 x MON88913', '/files/cera/GmCropDatabase/docs/decdocs/06-284-001.pdf', 'Enabled', '2013-09-02 13:41:41', '2013-09-02 13:41:41');



-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_modifications` (`id`, `eventId`, `description`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 16, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The BT11 corn line was created through direct DNA transformation of plant protoplasts from the inbred maize line H8540 and regeneration on selective medium. A single plasmid, designated pZO1502, was used in the transformation event and contained a truncated synthetic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene encoding Cry1Ab endotoxin and a synthetic <i>pat</i> gene (to allow transformant selection on glufosinate ammonium). Prior to transformation, the plasmid vector was treated with the restriction endonuclease <i>Not</i>I in order to remove the <i>bla</i> gene from the DNA fragment containing the <i>cry1Ab</i> and <i>pat</i> genes.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Constitutive expression of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was controlled by the 35S promoter derived from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) modulated by the IVS6 intron (from maize alcohol dehydrogenase 1S gene), and the 3&#39;-polyadenylation signal of the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (<i>pat</i>) gene was present as a selectable marker enabling identification of the transformed plant cells and to provide field tolerance to glufosinate ammonium. Constitutive expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, the IVS 2 intron, and NOS 3&#39; terminator.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The plasmid pZO1502 also contained the beta lactamase (<i>bla</i>) gene included as selectable marker to screen transformed bacterial cells. The <i>bla</i> gene codes for a beta-lactamase enzyme that confers resistance to some beta-lactam antibiotics, including the moderate-spectrum penicillin and ampicillin. Bacterial cells that contained the pZ01502 plasmid were selected through their resistance to ampicillin. The <i>bla</i> gene was excised from the plasmid vector prior to transformation of the maize tissue.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Other genetic components incorporated included a nonfunctional <i>lac</i>Z gene, encoding a portion of the enzyme beta-galactosidase; and the pUC origin of replication derived from the plasmid pBR322.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Following the transformation event, plants were regenerated and the pollen of maize plants (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) derived from transformation event BT11 was used to pollinate the female flowers of an inbred maize line. Descendants of the initial crossings were successively back-crossed to evaluate different maize lines carrying the BT11 event. Several hybrid maize varieties have been derived from the Bt11 maize event.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:04:55'),
(2, 9, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON 810 was produced by biolistic transformation of maize genotype Hi-II with a mixture of plasmid DNAs, PV-ZMBK07 and PV-ZMGT10. The PV-ZMBK07 plasmid contained the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene and PV-ZMGT10 plasmid contained the CP4 EPSPS and <i>gox</i> genes. Both plasmids contained the <i>nptII</i> gene under the control of a bacterial promoter required for selection of bacteria containing either plasmid, and an origin of replication from a pUC plasmid (ori-pUC) required for replication of the plasmids in bacteria.</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(3, 25, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Event 176 was produced by biolistic transformation of the inbred line CG00526 with two plasmids. One plasmid contained two copies of a 3&rsquo; truncated <i>cry1Ab</i> gene, each regulated by different promoter sequences. The <i>cry1Ab</i> open reading frame, corresponding to the sequence encoding the N-terminal 648 amino acids of the native Cry1Ab protein, was modified for optimal expression in plant cells. Green tissue expression of one copy of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was regulated by the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase promoter while expression of the other <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was controlled by a pollen specific promoter isolated from maize. Both genes employed 3&rsquo;-polyadenylation sequences from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). This plasmid also contained a copy of the beta-lactamase encoding <i>bla</i> gene under control of a bacterial promoter. The <i>bla</i> gene was not expressed in plant cells, but was employed as a selectable trait for screening bacterial colonies for the presence of the plasmid vector. The second plasmid contained a copy of the bar gene from the soil bacterium <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i> which encodes the phosphinothricin N-acetyl transferase (PAT) enzyme. This enzyme is used as a selectable marker and confers resistance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide. Constitutive expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Apart from the sequences encoding Cry1Ab and PAT, no other plant translatable DNA sequences were introduced into the plant genome.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:29:16'),
(4, 49, '<p style="text-align: justify;">CBH-351 maize was produced by biolistic transformation of the backcrossed hybrid maize line (PA91 x H99) x H99 with two pUC19 based plasmids, PRSVA9909 and pDE110. Both plasmids contained the modified <i>cry9C</i> gene and the <i>bar</i> gene, respectively, engineered for enhanced expression in plants. The <i>cry9C</i> and <i>bar</i> genes were fused to noncoding regulatory sequences that enabled them to be expressed at high levels, constitutively throughout most of the plant. Specifically, the expression of the modified <i>cry9C</i> gene was regulated by the promoter and terminator sequences from the 35S transcript of CaMV, along with the leader sequence of the <i>cab22L</i> gene from petunia. The expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was also directed by the 35S CaMV promoter along with the 3&#39; untranslated region from the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> which is involved in transcription termination and polyadenylation. Although most of these regulatory regions were derived from plant pathogens, the regulatory sequences cannot cause plant disease by themselves or with the genes that they are designed to regulate. Additional genetic elements present on the transforming plasmids included the ampicillin resistance gene beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i>) and the origin of replication (ori) both from the enteric bacterium, <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Both were introduced into CBH-351 maize, however these elements are nonfunctional in plants. The <i>bla</i> gene was present on the plasmids only as a selectable marker to detect transformed <i>E. coli</i> host bacteria.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:09:07'),
(5, 7, '<p style="text-align: justify;">DBT418 maize was produced by biolistic transformation of the inbred line DBT418 with DNA from three different plasmid vectors, respectively containing the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene from <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, the <i>bar</i> gene from <i>S. hygroscopicus</i>,and the protease inhibitor gene (<i>pinII</i>) from potato.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Constitutive expression of the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was under the control of a chimeric promotor consisting of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and two copies of the octopine synthase (OCS) enhancer from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The OCS enhancer promotes the expression of genes in most vegetative tissues. An intron from a maize alcohol dehydrogenase gene (<i>adhI</i> intron VI) was positioned downstream from the promoter to enhance gene expression. The 3&#39;-terminal sequences from the potato <i>pinII</i> gene were used as a termination signal for the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the <i>bar</i> herbicide resistance gene was regulated using the CaMV 35S promoter and termination sequences from the Ttr7 transcript 7 polyadenylation region of the <i>A. tumefaciens</i> T-DNA. The third gene, <i>pinII</i> was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and <i>adhI</i> intron I but was not completely incorporated and therefore not expressed.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Each plasmid also included a beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i>) gene which encodes resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. The beta-lactamase gene was derived from <i>E. coli</i> and expression was under the control of its own bacterial promoter. This gene was included as a selectable marker to identify bacteria transformed with recombinant plasmid DNAs, but is not functional in plants.</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:29'),
(6, 6, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The T14 and T25 lines were derived by chemically mediated transformation of cultured protoplasts obtained from a yellow dent corn line with purified DNA containing the <i>pat</i> gene isolated from <i>S. viridochromogenes</i>. Transformed cell colonies were selected and regenerated on medium containing glufosinate ammonium. The primary transformants, T14 and T25, were then backcrossed with both commercial public inbred lines and proprietary inbred lines of the yellow dent corn type.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>pat</i> gene introduced in the transformants T14 and T25 was modified to optimize its expression in plants without altering the amino acid sequence of the PAT enzyme.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The transformed lines T14 and T25 also contained the beta lactamase (<i>bla</i>) gene included as a selectable marker to identify transformed bacterial cell colonies during the initial stages of cloning the recombinant <i>pat</i> gene. The <i>bla</i> gene codes for a beta-lactamase enzyme that confers resistance to some beta-lactam antibiotics, including the moderate-spectrum penicillin and ampicillin antibiotics. The <i>bla</i> gene is not functional in the modified maize lines, as its promoter is only active in bacteria.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:58:12'),
(7, 1, '<!-- Generated by XStandard version 3.0.0.0 on 2012-10-23T14:40:19 -->\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The GA21 maize line was created through biolistic transformation of embryogenic maize cells with DNA-coated gold particles and regeneration of plants by tissue culture on selective medium. The 3.4 kb DNA restriction fragment (<i>Not</i>I digested pDPG434 plasmid DNA) used for transformation contained a copy of the EPSPS encoding gene originally isolated from maize and subsequently modified by <i>in vitro</i> site-directed mutagenesis to be insensitive to inactivation by glyphosate. The expression of the modified (m)-EPSPS encoding gene was controlled in part by the rice actin promoter intron sequences and the NOS 3&#39; termination sequence derived from the Ti plasmid of the plant pathogen <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The mEPSPS encoding gene was fused to an optimized chloroplast transit peptide (OTP) to allow subcellular targeting of mEPSPS protein into the chloroplast, the site of both the shikimate pathway and glyphosate mode-of-action. The chloroplast transit peptide sequences were derived from ribulose l,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCo) genes isolated from maize and sunflower.<br />\nBecause a purified fragment of DNA was used in the transformation, no extraneous bacterial genes, including antibiotic resistance marker genes, were transferred. Genes present in the original pDPG434 plasmid backbone but not in the <i>Not</i>I restriction fragment used for transformation included <i>lac</i>Z, <i>Col</i>E1(ori) and the beta-lactamase encoding <i>bla</i> gene from <i>E. coli</i> plasmid pBR322.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:32:45'),
(8, 51, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON80100 was produced by biolistic transformation of maize genotype B73 with a mixture of DNA from two plasmids. One plasmid contained a copy of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene from <i>B. thuriengensis</i> subsp. kurstaki (B.t.k.). Constitutive expression of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was controlled by inclusion of sequences from the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the HSP70 intron and the 3&#39;-polyadenylation signal of the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The second plasmid contained open reading frames for two selectable marker genes, the CP4 EPSPS enzyme from the common soil bacterium, <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> sp. CP4, and glyphosate oxidoreductase (<i>goxv247</i>) from <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i> sp. strain LBAA. Constitutive expression of these genes in plant cells was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and <i>nos</i> terminator. Post-translational targeting of the CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase enzymes to the chloroplast was accomplished by fusion of the 5&#39;-terminal coding sequences with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequences from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EPSPS and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase encoding genes, respectively. Both plasmids also contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, strain K12. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was regulated by a bacterial promoter and was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed <i>E. coli</i> for the presence of the plasmid vector. The expression of CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase activity were used as selectable markers to identify transformed plants. Apart from the sequences encoding Cry1Ab, CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase, no other plant-translatable DNA sequences were introduced into the plant genome.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:13:39'),
(9, 74, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Nutritional Data</b><br />\r\n<br />\r\nCompositional analyses were performed on grain and forage samples of NK603 (treated with glyphosate) and the non-transformed parental control line together with a number of other commercial maize hybrids planted at trial sites in the U.S. and Europe. Analyses of grain samples included measurements of proximates (protein, fat, ash, moisture), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), amino acids, fatty acids, vitamin E, minerals (calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and zinc), and the antinutritional components, phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nIn all of these tests, small statistical differences between NK603 and control lines were observed only in: six amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, and methionine) as measured in grain from European trials (no differences were observed in material from U.S. trials); and stearic (C18:0) acid levels. Overall, these differences were not consistent across all trial sites and they were considered to reflect random variation. All compositional results were within the ranges observed for commercial non-transformed lines.<br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe nutritional quality of NK603 grain was assessed in feeding trials with broiler chickens, finisher swine, and laboratory rats. These studies showed that there were no differences between the transformed and non-transformed maize.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Toxicity</b><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe CP4 EPSPS gene encodes a single polypeptide of 455 amino acids (47.6 kDa) which exhibits about 50% amino acid sequence similarity with the analogous plant EPSPS enzyme. The family of bacterial and plant EPSPS proteins are not known to display any toxic or allergenic properties. The potential toxicity of the CP4 EPSPS protein was assessed by comparing its amino acid sequence against a database of 4,677 protein sequences (not all unique) that have been associated with toxicity, and in an acute oral toxicity study in mice. The CP4 EPSPS protein did not display any sequence homology with known protein toxins and did not result in any adverse effects on test animals (50 males, 50 females) receiving doses up to 400 mg/kg of bacterially derived CP4 EPSPS protein. The single amino acid substitution within the CP4 EPSPS L214P protein did not alter the sequence comparison results.<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<b>Allergenicity</b><br />\r\n<br />\r\nThe CP4 EPSPS encoding gene was not derived from an organism known to cause allergic reactions and the allergenic potential of this protein was further evaluated by comparing its amino acid sequence against a database of known allergens, and by assessing its stability to digestion in the presence of simulated gastric fluids. There was no sequence homology between CP4 EPSPS and known allergens when checked against a database of 567 protein sequences using an 8-amino acid length window. As assessed by Western immunoblot analysis, the CP4 EPSPS was rapidly degraded (T50 &lt; 15 sec) upon exposure to pepsin-containing simulated gastric fluid or trypsin-containing simulated intestinal fluid (T50 &lt;= 10 min). Similar results were obtained with the variant CP4 EPSPS L214P protein.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-04 13:46:42'),
(10, 12, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON809 was produced by biolistic transformation of embryogenic maize cells with a mixture of DNA from two plasmids, PV-ZMBK07 and PV-ZMGT10. Plasmid PV-ZMBK07 contained the synthetic <i>cr1Ab</i> gene regulated by the enhanced duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV E35S) and the maize hsp70 heat shock protein intron. The polyadenylation signal was from the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene. Plasmid PV-ZMBK07 also contained sequences from <i>lac</i>Z operon (a partial <i>E. coli</i> <i>lac</i>I coding sequence, the promoter <i>plac</i> and a partial coding sequence for beta-galactosidase from pUC119), ori-pUC (replication origin for pUC plasmids), and the <i>neo</i> gene, which encodes neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) that imparts resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. The second plasmid, PV-AMGT10, contained genes encoding the CP4 EPSPS enzyme from the common soil bacterium, <i>A. tumefaciens</i> sp. CP4, and glyphosate oxidoreductase (<i>goxv247</i>) from <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>. The expression of these genes was used as a selectable marker to identify transformed plants on medium containing glyphosate but was not sufficient to provide field level tolerance to glyphosate containing herbicides. Constitutive expression of these genes in plant cells was under the control of the CaMV E35S promoter, the hsp70 intron, and <i>nos</i> 3&#39; terminator. Post-translational targeting of the CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase enzymes to the chloroplast was accomplished by fusion of the 5&#39;-terminal coding sequences with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequences from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EPSPS gene (CTP2) and from <i>A. thaliana</i> SSU1A gene (CTP1), respectively. Plasmid PV-ZMGT10 also contained sequences from the <i>lac</i>Z operon, ori-pUC and the <i>neo</i> gene. The <i>neo</i> gene on both plasmids was included as a selectable marker to identify bacteria transformed with recombinant plasmid DNAs. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was regulated by a bacterial promoter and therefore is not functional in plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 21:55:02'),
(11, 72, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON832 was produced by biolistic transformation of embryogenic maize cells with a mixture of DNA from two plasmids, PV-ZMBK07 and PV-ZMGT10. Plasmid PV-ZMBK07 contained the synthetic <i>cr1Ab</i> gene regulated by the enhanced duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV E35S) and the maize hsp70 heat shock protein intron. The polyadenylation signal was from the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The second plasmid, PV-AMGT10, contained genes encoding the CP4 EPSPS enzyme from the common soil bacterium, <i>A. tumefaciens</i> sp. CP4, and glyphosate oxidoreductase (<i>goxv247</i>) from <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>. Constitutive expression of these genes in plant cells was under the control of the CaMV E35S promoter, the hsp70 intron, and <i>nos</i> 3&#39; terminator. Post-translational targeting of the CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase enzymes to the chloroplast was accomplished by fusion of the 5&#39;-terminal coding sequences with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequences from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EPSPS gene (CTP2) and from <i>A. thaliana</i> SSU1A gene (CTP1), respectively. Plasmid PV-ZMGT10 also contained sequences from the <i>lac</i>Z operon, ori-pUC and the <i>neo</i> gene. The <i>neo</i> gene on both plasmids was included as a selectable marker to identify bacteria transformed with recombinant plasmid DNAs. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was regulated by a bacterial promoter and therefore is not functional in plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:42:40'),
(12, 5, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON802 was produced by biolistic transformation with a mixture of DNAs from two plasmids, PV-ZMBK15 and PV-ZMGT03. Plasmid PV-ZMBK15 contained the synthetic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene regulated by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the 3&#39;-polyadenylation signal from the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Plasmid PV-ZMGT03 contained both the CP4 EPSPS encoding gene from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain CP4 and the <i>goxv247</i> gene from <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>, which encodes the enzyme glyphosate oxidoreductase. The expression of CP4 EPSPS was regulated via the CaMV 35S promoter and the HSP70 intron, while <i>gox</i> gene expression was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter only. Both genes were terminated with sequences from the 3&#39;-polyadenylation signal from the <i>nos</i> gene from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Post-translational targeting of the CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase enzymes to the chloroplast was accomplished by fusion of the 5&#39;-terminal coding sequences with chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequences from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EPSPS gene (CTP2) and from <i>A. thaliana</i> SSU1A gene (CTP1), respectively.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Both plasmids also contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, strain K12. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was regulated by a bacterial promoter and used as a selectable marker to identify bacteria transformed with recombinant plasmid DNAs, but is not functional in plants. The expression of CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase activity were used as selectable traits to screen transformed plants for the presence of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene and to confer resistance to glyphosate herbicides.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:40:58'),
(13, 23, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Canola line GT73 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the <i>B. napus</i> cultivar &#39;Westar&#39;. The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid was &quot;disarmed&quot; by removal of <i>virA</i> genes, normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, and replacement with the CP4 EPSPS encoding and <i>goxv247</i> genes. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">GT73 was produced using plasmid PV-BNGT04 and contained the CP4 EPSPS gene and the <i>goxv247</i> gene. Constitutive expression of the CP4 EPSPS gene was regulated using the figwort mosaic virus 35S promoter and the 3&#39; end of the pea rbcS E9 gene (E9 3&#39;). The CP4 EPSPS gene was fused to a chloroplast transit peptide (CTP 2) sequence derived from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> to allow targeting of the newly translated EPSPS enzyme into the chloroplast, the site of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and endogenous EPSPS and GOX activity.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Similarly expression of <i>goxv247</i> gene was under control of the 35S promoter from a modified figwort mosaic virus and the 3&#39; end of the pea rbcS E9 gene (E9 3&#39;). Expression of the <i>goxv247</i> gene was targeted to the chloroplast by the action of the N-terminal of the small subunit 1A (SSU1A) of the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase chloroplast transit peptide of <i>A. thaliana</i> (CTP1).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">There was no incorporation of translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region. No antibiotic resistance marker genes were introduced into GT73.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:26:25'),
(14, 13, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MS3 was produced by transforming the inbred line H99 by electroporation of immature embryos in the presence of a preparation of linearized plasmid DNA. The plasmid mixture contained both genes of interest; the male sterility gene (barnase) and the herbicide resistance gene (<i>bar</i>) and additional genetic elements including barstar, <i>bla</i> and <i>cat</i> genes of which none were expressed in the modified maize plant.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The barnase gene encodes an RNAse enzyme that disrupts cell function during anther development and results in male sterility. The expression of the barnase gene was under control of an anther-specific promoter (pTa29), from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>, that turns on expression of the gene in the anthers where pollen is produced. The barnase gene was terminated by the 3&#39; -polyadenylation signal of the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene isolated from the Ti plasmid of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>bar</i> gene encodes the PAT enzyme confering tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide and was used as a selectable marker. Constitutive expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Translocation of the introduced PAT enzyme to chloroplasts was accomplished by fusing sequences encoding the chloroplast transit peptide to the 5&#39; terminus of the <i>bar</i> gene. Apart from the sequences encoding for RNAse and PAT, no other plant translatable DNA sequences were introduced into the maize plant genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The introduced DNA included the barstar gene from <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> that encodes a specific inhibitor of the barnase RNAse. The barstar gene was included to prevent the RNAse from disrupting the development of bacteria in which the introduced DNA was prepared. Also included were two antibiotic resistant genes the beta-lactamase gene (<i>bla</i>) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (<i>cat</i>) genes, encoding resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol, respectively. These were included as selectable marker genes to identify bacteria transformed with recombinant plasmids. The expression of these three genes (barstar, <i>bla</i>, and <i>cat</i>) was regulated by bacterial promoters that are not active in plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 21:58:52'),
(15, 27, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The MS8 and RF3 canola lines were both produced using <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the <i>Brassica napus</i> cultivar &#39;Drakkar&#39;. The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid was &quot;disarmed&quot; by removal of <i>virA</i> genes, normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, and replaced with the genes of interest for each transgenic line. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of each plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant genome of MS8 and RF3 respectively.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Line MS8 was produced using plasmid pTHW107, which contained a copy of the barnase gene whose transcription was regulated with an anther specific promoter pTa29 from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>, terminated by part of the 3&acute;non-coding region (3&acute;<i>nos</i>) of the nopaline synthase gene of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Similarly, line RF3 was produced using plasmid pTHW118, which contained the barstar gene under the control of the pTa29 anther-specific promoter from <i>N. tabacum</i> and the <i>nos</i> termination signal.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition, each T-DNA contained a copy of the <i>bar</i> gene from <i>S. hygroscopicus</i>, which encodes the PAT enzyme. Expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was regulated by the PSsuAra promoter from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and post-translational targeting of the gene product to the chloroplast organelles was accomplished by fusion of the 5&#39;-terminal coding sequence with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequence from <i>A. thaliana</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Sequences outside the T-DNA region contained: colE1 replication region from <i>Escherichia coli</i>; pVS1 replication region isolated from Pseudomonas; and a fragment of plasmid R751 from <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i> comprising the streptomycin/spectinomycin (Sm/Sp) resistance gene with its own promoter.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:33:49'),
(16, 50, '<p style="text-align: justify;">These transgenic maize lines were produced using a microparticle bombardment (biolistic) technique to introduce the genes of interest, followed by plant regeneration in tissue culture on glufosinate-containing medium to select transformed plants. The plasmid DNA, PHP6710, used in the transformation contained three genes: (1) DNA adenine methylase encoding <i>dam</i> gene; (2) the <i>pat</i> gene from <i>S. viridochromogenes</i>; and the beta-lactamase encoding <i>bla</i> gene, which conferred resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin and was used to select bacterial colonies transformed with plasmid DNA.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Tissue-specific expression of the <i>dam</i> gene was accomplished by including sequences from the maize anther-specific 512del promoter, and constitutive expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was regulated using the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Prior to biolistic transformation, PHP6710 plasmid DNA was subjected to restriction enzyme digestion to isolate a 4.5 kb DNA fragment containing the <i>dam</i> and <i>pat</i> genes, but not the <i>bla</i> gene. It was this DNA fragment, not the entire plasmid, that was used for the transformation procedure.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:12:15'),
(17, 66, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MS6 was produced by transforming the inbred line H99 by electroporation of immature embryos in the presence of a preparation of linearized plasmid DNA. The plasmid mixture contained both genes of interest; the male sterility gene (barnase) and the herbicide resistance gene, (<i>bar</i>). While maize line MS6 contained fragments of the beta-lactamase encoding (bla) marker gene, it was concluded that the fragments would not produce an intact protein in either prokaryotic (bacterial) or plant expression systems.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The barnase gene encodes an RNAse enzyme that disrupts cell function during anther development and results in male sterility. The expression of the barnase gene was under control of an anther-specific promoter (pTa29), from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>, that turns on expression of the gene in the anthers where pollen is produced. The barnase gene was terminated by the 3&#39; -polyadenylation signal of the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene isolated from the Ti plasmid of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>bar</i> gene encodes the PAT enzyme confering tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide and was used as a selectable marker. Constitutive expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Translocation of the introduced PAT enzyme to chloroplasts was accomplished by fusing sequences encoding the chloroplast transit peptide to the 5&#39; terminus of the <i>bar</i> gene. Apart from the sequences encoding barnase RNAse and PAT, no other plant translatable DNA sequences were introduced into the maize plant genome.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:41:11'),
(18, 17, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The maize hybrid DK404SR was developed from sethoxydim tolerant inbred lines. The original sethoxydim tolerant mutant line (S2) was selected as a somaclonal variant from maize embryo tissue grown under sethoxydim selective pressure. The process involved growing somatic embryos on sethoxydim enriched media. From the somatic embryos that survived, the somaclonal variant cell line S2 was selected and subsequently regenerated. This S2 line was backcrossed at least six times with both parental lines of the hybrid DK404SR to transfer the sethoxydim tolerant trait.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:08:15'),
(19, 48, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line DLL25 was produced by biolistic transformation of maize gentoype A188xB73, a cross between two publicly available inbred lines. The original transformant was then crossed with elite inbred lines. The constitutive expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was regulated using the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. The <i>bar</i> gene introduced in the transformant DLL25 was modified to optimize its expression in plants without altering the amino acid sequence it encodes.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The plasmid used for transformation contained the beta-lactamase encoding <i>bla</i> gene, which was included as a selectable marker to screen for bacterial colonies that had been transformed with the recombinant plasmid. The bacterial expression of beta-lactamase confers resistance to some beta-lactam antibiotics, including the moderate-spectrum penicillin and ampicillin. The <i>bla</i> gene was driven by a bacterial promoter and was therefore not functional in plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:07:36'),
(20, 18, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The 23-198 and 23-18-17 lines were created by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of line 212/86 in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the gene encoding the enzyme 12:0 ACP thioesterase (bay TE) from the California bay tree (<i>Umbellularia californica</i>). Expression of the bay TE gene was under the regulation of a seed specific plant promoter. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII). The expression of NPTII activity, regulated by the CaMV 35S promoter, was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the bay TE gene. No other translatable DNA sequences were incorporated into the plant genome.</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:39:25'),
(21, 22, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Canola line HCN92 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of microspores from <i>B. napus</i> cultivar &#39;Topas&#39;. The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid was &quot;disarmed&quot; by removal of <i>vir</i>A genes, normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, and replaced with the genes coding for glufosinate ammonium tolerance and aminoglycoside resistance. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The original transformant (Topas 19/2) was produced using plasmid pOCA/Ac and contained a synthetic <i>pat</i> gene coding for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) and the aminoglycoside resistance marker <i>neo</i> coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II. Expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was regulated by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and terminator sequences. The <i>neo</i> gene was driven by the nopaline synthase promoter and an octopine synthase terminator sequence.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">HCN92 was derived from traditional breeding crosses between non-genetically modified canola and a line resulting from transformation event (Topas 19/2). The transformed line was initially crossed with line ACSN3, followed by a second cross with cultivar &#39;AC Excel&#39;. The seed from the final cross was advanced and single seed from F3 plants were bulked to form HCN92.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:24:22'),
(22, 19, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Canola line GT200 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the <i>B. napus</i> cultivar &#39;Westar&#39;. The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid was &quot;disarmed&quot; by removal of <i>vir</i>A genes, normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, and replaced with the genes coding for glyphosate tolerance. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">GT200 was produced using a plasmid that contained the CP4 EPSPS gene and the <i>gox</i> gene. Both genes were controlled by the same constitutive promoter and fused to a chloroplast transit peptide sequence to allow targeting of the newly translated CP4 EPSPS and GOX enzymes into the chloroplast, the site of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and endogenous EPSPS and GOX activity.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">There was no incorporation of translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region and no antibiotic resistance marker genes were introduced into GT200.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:14:25'),
(23, 32, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Canola line HCN28 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of <i>B. napus</i> cultivar &#39;AC Excel&#39;. The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid was &quot;disarmed&quot; by removal of <i>vir</i>A genes, normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, and replaced with the gene coding for glufosinate ammonium tolerance. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>pat</i> gene used in transformation event T45 is a synthetic version of the gene isolated from <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>, strain Tu 494. The nucleotide sequence was modified to provide codons preferred by plants without changing the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. Expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was regulated by including promoter and terminator sequences from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The original transformant (T45) was backcrossed twice with <i>B. napus</i> line AC Excel. HCN28 was developed from the resultant BC2 using the single seed descent method.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:46:24'),
(24, 26, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The MS1 and RF1 canola lines were both produced using <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the <i>Brassica napus</i> cultivar &#39;Drakkar&#39;. The T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid was &quot;disarmed&quot; by removal of <i>vir</i>A genes, normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, and replaced with the genes of interest for each transgenic line MS1 and RF1. During transformation, the T-DNA portion was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Line MS1 was produced from the insertion of T-DNA containing the <i>barnase</i> gene together with an anther specific promoter, pTa29, from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>, terminated by part of the 3&acute;non-coding region (3&acute;<i>nos</i>) of the nopaline synthase gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. Similarly, line RF1 was produced from T-DNA containing the <i>barstar</i> gene under the control of the pTa29 anther-specific promoter from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> and 3&#39;<i>nos</i> terminator.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition, each T-DNA contained a copy of the <i>bar</i> gene from <i>S. hygroscopicus</i>, which encodes the PAT enzyme, and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) encoding <i>neo</i> gene from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, strain K12. Expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was regulated by the PSsuAra promoter from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and post-translational targeting of the gene product to the chloroplast organelles was accomplished by fusion of the 5&rsquo;-terminal coding sequence with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequence from <i>A. thaliana</i>. The expression of NPTII activity, under control of the nopaline synthase promoter from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, was used as a selectable trait for screening transformed plants for the presence of the barnase and barstar genes, respectively.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:31:52'),
(25, 65, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The MS1 and RF2 canola lines were created by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained either the <i>barnase</i> or <i>barstar</i> genes from the common soil bacterium, <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, under the control of the PTA29 anther-specific promoter from <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>. In addition, each T-DNA contained a copy of the <i>bar</i> gene from <i>S. hygroscopicus</i>, which encodes the PAT enzyme, and sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, strain K12. Expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was regulated by the PSsuAra promoter from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and post-translational targeting of the gene product to the chloroplast organelles was accomplished by fusion of the 5&rsquo;-terminal coding sequence with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequence from <i>A. thaliana</i>. The expression of NPTII activity, under control of the nopaline synthase promoter from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, was used as a selectable trait for screening transformed plants for the presence of the <i>barnase</i> and <i>barstar</i> genes, respectively.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:39:25'),
(26, 42, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The soybean line GU262 was produced via biolistic transformation of a soybean line with a pUC19 based plasmid vector, pB2/35SacK, containing the pat gene and sequences encoding the beta-lactamase enzyme that confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin. Expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was regulated by including promoter and terminator sequences from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>bla</i> gene, encoding beta-lactamase, was employed as a selection method during the development process in order to identify bacterial colonies that had been transformed with recombinant plasmids. The promoter sequences for the <i>bla</i> gene were only active in bacteria and there was no expression of these sequences in the modified soybean lines.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:59:04'),
(27, 21, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Soybean line GTS 40-3-2 was produced by biolistic transformation of plant cells from soybean cultivar A5403 with DNA-coated gold particles. The plasmid PV-GMGT04 used for transformation contained the genes coding for glyphosate tolerance and for production of &szlig;-glucuronidase (<i>gus</i> gene), a selectable marker. Expression of the CP4 EPSPS gene was regulated by an enhanced 35S promoter (E35S) from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a chloroplast transit peptide (CTP4) coding sequence from <i>Petunia hybrida</i>, and a nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i> 3&#39;) transcriptional termination element from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The transit peptide facilitated the translocation of newly translated EPSP synthase into chloroplasts, the site of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and glyphosate site of action.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:21:30'),
(28, 41, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The soybean sublines G94-1, G94-19 and G168 were produced via biolistic transformation of the parent soybean line (Asgrow A2396) with a mixture of two plasmids pBS43 and pML102. These sublines were advanced using traditional breeding techniques to produce high oleic soybean varieties.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Plasmid pBS43 contained the GmFad2-1 gene of soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) and the beta-glucuronidase (GUS; <i>uidA</i>) gene from <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The GmFad2-1 gene was inserted in the sense orientation and expression of the GmFad2-1 was regulated by a seed specific promoter from the soybean beta-conglycinin gene and a transcription terminator from the phaseolin gene from <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>. The <i>uidA</i> gene was used during the transformation process as a reporter gene to select plants cells which carried the introduced genes. Expression of the GUS encoding gene was controlled by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and a nopaline synthase (nos3&#39;) terminator.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Plasmid pML102 contained the <i>dapA</i> gene from <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> which encodes the enzyme dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase (DHDPS). Corynebacterium DHDPS catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine but is insensitive to feedback inhibition by lysine. Expression of this enzyme in soybean seeds results in accumulation of the essential amino acid lysine. The <i>dapA</i> gene is controlled by the seed specific promoter Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (Kti3) from soybean that allows high levels of expression. The <i>dapA</i> gene was fused to a chloroplast transit peptide sequence to direct the DHDPS protein into the chloroplast where lysine biosynthesis is carried out.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Both plasmids contained the antibiotic resistance marker, beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i>) gene. The <i>bla</i> gene confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin and permits the selection of transformed <i>E. coli</i> cells during laboratory recombinant DNA steps. The <i>bla</i> gene contains its own <i>E. coli</i> regulatory sequences and was therefore not expressed in the transformed plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:57:07'),
(29, 60, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The soybean lines A2704-12, A2704-21, and A5547-35 were produced via biolistic transformation of soybean lines with a pUC19 based plasmid containing a modified form of the <i>pat</i> gene under the control of promoter and termination sequences derived from the 35S transcript from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). The plasmid was linearized prior to transformation in order to destroy the beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i>) encoding antibiotic resistance marker gene present in the plasmid backbone.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The nucleotide sequence of the <i>pat</i> gene was altered via site-directed mutagenesis in order to reduce the high G:C content (typical for bacterial genes but atypical for plant genes) and generate plant-preferred codons. These sequence modifications did not result in changes to the predicted amino acid sequence of the PAT enzyme.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:33:25'),
(30, 40, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Line A5547-127 was produced via biolistic transformation of soybean with a pUC19 based plasmid containing a modified form the <i>pat</i> gene under the control of promoter and termination sequences derived from the 35S transcript from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). The plasmid was linearized prior to transformation in order to destroy the beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i>) encoding antibiotic resistance marker gene present in the plasmid backbone.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The nucleotide sequence of the <i>pat</i> gene was altered via site-directed mutagenesis in order to reduce the high G:C content (typical for bacterial genes but atypical for plant genes) and to generate plant-preferred codons. These sequence modifications did not result in changes to the predicted amino acid sequence of the PAT enzyme.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:55:40'),
(31, 39, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Lines W62 and W98 were produced via biolistic transformation of soybean with a pUC19 based plasmid containing a modified form the <i>bar</i> gene under the control of promoter sequences derived from the 35S transcript from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:54:25');
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_modifications` (`id`, `eventId`, `description`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(32, 54, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic potato lines RBMT15-101, SEMT15-02 and SEMT15-15 were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the potato cultivars &#39;Russet Burbank&#39; and &#39;Shepody&#39;, respectively. The transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of a &quot;disarmed&quot; form of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified to contain genes encoding Cry3A delta-endotoxin, PVY-O coat protein, and NPTII. This plasmid was designated PV-STMT15. As a matter of course, Ti plasmids used for plant transformation are &quot;disarmed&quot; such that they do not contain the virulence genes (<i>vir</i>A) that are normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">A 5&#39;-truncated copy of the <i>cry3A</i> gene, obtained from <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, ssp. tenebrionis (Btt) strain BI 256-82, was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to enhance expression by generating plant-preferred codons. These modifications in nucleotide sequence did not alter the expected amino acid sequence of the Cry3A protein. Constitutive expression of the <i>cry3A</i> gene was controlled by the promoter region of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and the terminator sequence from the nontranslated 3&#39; region of the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">During normal virus replication, the PVY-O CP is derived from a large poly-protein precursor by proteolytic cleavage. In order to express the PVY-O CP transgene in plant cells, the cloned complementary-DNA sequence corresponding to the CP gene was modified to contain a translation start codon (ATG). Expression of the PVY-O CP gene was under the control of the 35S promoter region of figwort mosaic virus, the leader sequence from the <i>Glycine max</i> (soybean) heat-shock protein, Hsp 17.9, and the terminator sequence from the nontranslated 3&#39; region of the pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene E9 3&#39;.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of NPTII, encoded by the <i>neo</i> gene, was regulated by promoter and termination sequences from the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">In addition to the plant expressible genes described above, plasmid PV-STMT15 also contained the following non-expressed elements: (1) <i>oriV</i> , which is the origin of replication from plasmid RK2 isolated from Agrobacterium strain ABI; (2) ori-322/rop , which is a segment of plasmid pBR322 which provides the origin of replication for maintenance of PV-STMT15 in <i>Escherichia coli</i> [rop] and the bom site, which enables conjugal transfer into Agrobacterium; (3) the <i>aad</i> gene from transposon Tn7 of <i>E. coli</i>, which encodes the enzyme 3&quot;(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase and confers resistance to the antibiotics streptomycin and spectinomycin; and (4) the left (LB) and right (RB) sequences, which facilitate integration of the T-DNA into the plant host genome. Inclusion of the selectable marker <i>aad</i> gene, which was only expressed in bacterial cells, facilitated the isolation of bacterial colonies that had been transformed with recombinant plasmid DNA.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:25:17'),
(33, 53, '<p style="text-align: justify;">These transgenic Russet Burbank potato lines were created through two separate <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation events in which the transfer DNA (T-DNA) contained the genes encoding the Cry3A protein from <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. tenebrionis and the ORF-1 and ORF-2 regions from PLRV. These two ORFs encode the putative viral helicase and replicase domains that are required for viral RNA synthesis. Regulation of the <i>cry3A</i> gene was via the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) small subunit promoter from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, while the figwort mosaic virus (FMV) 35S promoter was used for PLRV derived sequences. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzymes neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) for events RBMT21-129 and RBMT21-350, or 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) for RBMT22-082. The respective expression of either NPTII or EPSPS activity in RBMT21 and RBMT22 transformation events was used as a selectable trait for screening transformed plants for the presence of the <i>cry3A</i> and PLRV replicase genes.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:21:52'),
(34, 20, '<p style="text-align: justify;">CPB-resistant potato lines BT6, BT10, BT12, BT16, BT17, BT18, and BT23 were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of potato cultivar &#39;Russet Burbank&#39;. The transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of a &quot;disarmed&quot; form of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified to contain genes encoding Cry3A delta-endotoxin and NPTII. As a matter of course, Ti plasmids used for plant transformation are &quot;disarmed&quot; such that they do not contain the virulence genes (<i>vir</i>A) that are normally associated with the pathogenicity and disease-causing properties of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">A 5&#39;-truncated copy of the <i>cry3A</i> gene, obtained from <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, ssp. tenebrionis (Btt), was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to enhance expression by generating plant-preferred codons. These modifications in nucleotide sequence did not alter the expected amino acid sequence of the Cry3A protein. Expression of the <i>cry3A</i> gene was under the regulatory control of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) with a duplicated enhancer region and the 3&#39; nontranslated termination region of a pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, small subunit (rbcS) gene. Expression of NPTII, encoded by the <i>neo</i> gene, was regulated by the CaMV 35S promoter and termination sequences from the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:34:30'),
(35, 10, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The transgenic Atlantic and Superior potato lines were created through two separate <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation events in which the transfer DNA (T-DNA) contained the gene encoding the Cry3A protein from <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. Tenebrionis. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII). The expression of NPTII was used as a selectable trait for screening transformed plants for the presence of the <i>cry3A</i> gene. Due to segregation effects, the NPTII encoding gene was not present in Superior cultivar SPBT02-5 submitted for commercial release. Additional DNA outside of the T-DNA border sequences was incorporated into the genome of Atlantic lines ATBT04-27 and ATBT04-36. These lines also contain the <i>aad</i> gene, which encodes the enzyme 3&#39;’(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase that confers bacterial resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin. The <i>aad</i> gene was not expressed in plant tissue, but was present on the Ti plasmid as a selectable trait for screening bacterial colonies for the presence of the plasmid vector. The data from at least 3 generations of vegetative propagation demonstrated the stability of the novel trait.</span></span></p><br>', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-06-20 09:37:10'),
(36, 14, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The cotton lines 531, 757, and 1076 were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) line L. cv Coker C312 with plasmid PV-GHBKO4. Plasmid PV-GHBK04 contained the following elements: the 0.4 kb <i>oriV</i> fragment from the RK2 plasmid fused to the 3.4 kb segment of pBR322 allowing maintenance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and in <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. This was fused to the 360 bp DNA fragment from pTiT37 plasmid, which contained the nopaline T-DNA right border.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The remaining portion consisted of two genes engineered for plant expression, the <i>cry1Ac</i> and the NPTII encoding <i>neo</i> gene. The <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was modified for optimal expression in plants and contained part of the 5&#39; end of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene with a portion of the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene. Expression of the modified <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was regulated by cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter with a duplicated enhancer region and the nontranslated region of the soybean alpha subunit of the beta-conglycin gene which provided the mRNA polyadenylation signals (7S 3&rsquo; terminator sequence).<br />\nThe transformation plasmid also contained the <i>aad</i> gene isolated from <i>E. coli</i> bacterial transposon Tn7, which encodes the enzyme aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (AAD) that confers resistance to the antibiotics spectinomycin and streptomycin. The <i>aad</i> gene was under the control of its own bacterial promoter and terminator and was included in the construct as a marker to allow for selection of bacteria containing PV-GHBK04 prior to transformation of the plant cells. The <i>aad</i> gene has no plant regulatory sequences and was not expressed in plant tissues.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>neo</i> gene was located downstream of the <i>aad</i> gene and its expression was regulated using the CaMV 35S promoter and the non-translated region of the 3&rsquo; region of the nopaline synthase gene (<i>nos</i>) from the pTiT37 plasmid of <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain T37.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:01:19'),
(37, 52, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The cotton lines 1445 and 1698 were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L. ) cultivar Coker C312, with plasmid PV-GHGT07. The T-DNA region of the <i>Agrobacterium</i> Ti plasmid used to develop line 1445 contained sequences encoding CP4 EPSPS, glyphosate oxidase (GOX), NPTII, and AAD. The plasmid used to produce 1698 did not include the GOX encoding gene.<br />\n<br />\nPlasmid PV-GHGT07 is a single border vector that has only a right border containing the following elements: the 0.4 kb <i>oriV</i> fragment from the RK2 plasmid fused to the 3.0 kb segment of pBR322 allowing maintenance in <i>E. coli</i> and in <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. This was fused to the 90 bp DNA fragment from pTiT37 plasmid, which contained the 25 bp nopaline-type T-DNA right border.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The nucleotide sequence of the CP4 EPSPS encoding gene was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to contain plant-preferred codons in order to maximize protein expression in plant cells. These modifications did not alter the expected amino acid sequence of the CP4 EPSPS. Expression of the CP4-EPSPS gene in plant cells was under the control of the CMoVb promoter from a modified figwort mosaic virus (FMV) and the 3&rsquo; non-translated region of the rubisco (rbcS, small subunit ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) E9 gene (E9 3&rsquo;) terminator sequence from pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Additionally, the synthetic CP4 EPSPS gene was fused at the 5&rsquo; end to the region that codes for the chloroplast transit peptide (CPT2) from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. The CTP2 peptide sequence targets CP4 EPSPS to the chloroplasts where the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway and endogenous EPSPS activity are located.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (<i>aad</i>) gene was derived from <i>E. coli</i> bacterial transposon Tn7 and encodes aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (AAD), which confers resistance to the antibiotics spectinomycin and streptomycin. The <i>aad</i> gene was under the control of its own bacterial promoter and terminator and was not expressed in plant tissues.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The NPTII encoding <i>neo</i> gene was located downstream of the <i>aad</i> gene and was under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the non-translated region of the 3&rsquo; region of the nopaline synthase gene (<i>nos</i> 3&rsquo;) from the pTiT37 plasmid of <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain T37.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The GOX encoding <i>gox</i> gene from the bacterium <i>Ochromobactrum anthropii</i> strain LBAA (formerly Achromobacter sp.) was fused at the 5&rsquo; end to the sequence coding for the chloroplast transit peptide from <i>A. thaliana</i> EPSPS and the CMoVb promoter. The 3&rsquo; region was derived from the 3&rsquo; non-translated region of the nopaline synthase gene (<i>nos</i> 3&rsquo;). The <i>gox</i> gene was not integrated into the transgenic cotton lines.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:15:27'),
(38, 34, '<p style="text-align: justify;">These bioengineered cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.) lines were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified to contain DNA sequences encoding Cry1Ac protein, a nitrilase enzyme, and the NPTII enzyme.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The nucleotide sequence of the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to contain plant-preferred codons in order to maximize protein expression in plant cells. Expression of the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was controlled by including promoter sequences from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript. The <i>bxn</i> gene was under the control of a chimera of the CaMV 35S promoter and the promoter from a mannopine synthase gene from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was also regulated by cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:49:57'),
(39, 29, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The BXN&trade; cotton line was created by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the gene encoding the enzyme nitrilase from the soil bacterium <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> subsp. ozaenae. For expression in plants, all but 11 bp of the 5&rsquo; and 96 bp of the 3&rsquo; non-translated regions of the gene were used. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of <i>E. coli</i>, strain K12.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:38:15'),
(40, 61, '<p style="text-align: justify;">This bioengineered tomato was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified to contain DNA sequences encoding an &ldquo;antisense&rdquo; PG gene construct and the NPTII encoding <i>neo</i> gene from <i>E. coli</i> K12. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The antisense PG gene was under the regulatory control of a single copy of the 35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), or two tandem copies of the 35S promoter. The terminator sequences were from the <i>tml</i> gene and the transcript 7 gene from the octopine-type Ti plasmid pTiA6 from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was under the control of the 5&#39; promoter and 3&#39; terminator sequences from the mannopine synthase gene derived from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:34:48'),
(41, 43, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic tomato line 1345-4 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the parental line 91103-114 (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> var. esculentum) in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified to contain DNA sequences encoding a truncated ACC synthase gene construct from the tomato cultivar &lsquo;Golden Nugget&rsquo; and the NPTII encoding <i>neo</i> gene from <i>E. coli</i> strain K12. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome. Expression of the ACC synthase gene was under the regulatory control of the 35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the 3&rsquo;-polyadenylation signal from the nopaline synthase gene (<i>nos</i>) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was under the control of the <i>nos</i> promoter sequence and octopine synthase termination sequence from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-11-18 17:26:26'),
(112, 98, '', 'Enabled', '2013-08-23 12:52:24', '2013-09-03 13:10:52'),
(43, 59, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic tomato lines B, Da and F were produced via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the inbred tomato line TGT7 (T7) (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> var. esculentum). This transformation system was based on the disarmed binary vector Bin19, which was engineered to contain DNA sequences encoding a partial copy of the PG gene, as well as the NPTII gene sequences. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The PG encoding gene was isolated from the tomato cultivar &lsquo;Ailsa Craig&rsquo; and was inserted into the Ti binary vector in either the sense or antisense orientation, in each case under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and termination sequences from the nopaline synthase gene (3&rsquo; <i>nos</i>) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. The NPTII encoding gene was isolated from the Tn5 transposon of <i>E. coli</i> and its expression was regulated using <i>nos</i> promoter and octopine synthase terminator sequences from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Tomato line F was further described to include the following DNA sequence elements; the origin of replication and internal fragment of gene III from bacteriophage M13, two <i>lac</i>Z gene fragments from <i>E. coli</i> and an <i>ocd</i> gene (encoding ornithine cyclodeaminase) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Tomato line F was used to develop the tomato hybrids 1401F, H282F, 11013F and 7913F.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:31:48'),
(44, 30, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The ZW-20 squash line was produced using an <i>Agrobacterium</i>-meditated transformation protocol in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified using recombinant DNA techniques to contain the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from ZYMV and WMV2. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome, and there was no incorporation of backbone plasmid sequences outside of the T-DNA region.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The constitutive expression of the CP genes was regulated by the 35S promoter and termination sequences from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). In addition, WMV2 CP gene was fused to the 5&#39; intergenic region and the first 48 nucleotides (N-terminus) of the CMV coat protein gene to enhance translation of the transgene mRNA.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The plasmid vector used for transformation also contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), which conferred the trait of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics that was used as a selection mechanism during plant tissue culture regeneration and propagation. During varietal development, only plants lacking this gene were selected for commercialization and the NPTII encoding sequences were, therefore, not present in the ZW-20 genome.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:40:11'),
(45, 38, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The CZW-3 squash line was produced using an <i>Agrobacterium</i>-meditated transformation of the parental variety YS20 via a protocol in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified using recombinant DNA techniques to contain the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from CMV, ZYMV and WMV2. During transformation, the T-DNA portion of the plasmid was transferred into the plant cells and stably integrated into the plant&#39;s genome, and there was no incorporation of backbone plasmid sequences outside of the T-DNA region.<br />\nThe constitutive expression of the CP genes was regulated by the 35S promoter and termination sequences from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). In addition, all three CP genes were fused to the 5&#39; untranslated sequence from CMV to enhance translation of the transgene mRNA.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:52:48'),
(46, 56, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic tomato line 5345 was produced via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of UC82B tomato using a protocol in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) of the bacterial tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid was modified to contain genes encoding the Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin from <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp kurstaki, NPTII, and another enzyme used as a bacterial selectable marker, 3&quot;(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase (AAD). The AAD encoding gene, which was not expressed in the plants, was used during the development process to select for bacterial colonies that had been transformed with recombinant plasmid DNA.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The nucleotide sequence of the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was modified via site-directed mutagenesis to contain plant-preferred codons in order to maximize protein expression in plant cells. These modifications did not alter the predicted amino acid sequence of the Cry1Ac protein. Expression of the introduced <i>cry1Ac</i> gene was regulated by including promoter sequences derived from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and a 3&rsquo; non-translated region of the soybean alpha subunit of the beta-conglycinin gene. The <i>neo</i> gene was regulated using the <i>nos</i> promoter and terminator sequences from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:29:48'),
(47, 55, '<p style="text-align: justify;">These transgenic rice lines were produced using a direct DNA transfer system in which DNA sequences encoding the PAT enzyme were introduced into callus tissue of the parental rice varieties M202, in the case of LLRICE06, and Bengal, in the case of LLRICE62. The nucleotide sequence of the native <i>bar</i> gene was modified to improve expression in plant cells, which was regulated by including promoter and transcription-termination and polyadenylation sequences derived from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). The <i>bar</i> gene, including these regulatory sequences, was the only novel gene introduced into the parental rice varieties.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:27:32'),
(48, 31, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic papaya lines 55-1 and 63-1 were produced by biolistic (particle bombardment) transformation of embryogenic cultures of the papaya cultivar &lsquo;Sunset&rsquo; with DNA-coated tungsten particles. The <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> binary plasmid pGA482GG/cpPRSV-4 used for the transformation contained three plant-expressible genes, the PRSV CP, <i>neo</i>, and <i>uidA</i> genes. The plasmid also had two genes encoding resistance to tetracycline and gentamycin antibiotics, respectively, but their associated DNA regulatory sequences enabled expression only in bacteria. The plasmid included the right- and left-border regions derived from the <i>A. tumefaciens</i> T-DNA.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the PRSV CP gene was controlled by including promoter and transcription termination and polyadenylation signal sequences derived from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). In addition, the CP gene sequences were fused to the 5&#39; untranslated sequence and the first 39 nucleotides from the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) CP to enhance translation of the transgene mRNA. The inclusion of these additional sequences was necessary because PRSV naturally encodes its CP as part of a polyprotein and, therefore, the CP coding region normally lacks a translation initiation ATG codon.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was under control of the promoter and terminator sequences from the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. The second marker gene, <i>uidA</i>, was modified for plant expression by the addition of 35S promoter region from CaMV and the <i>nos</i> 3&#39;-termination region.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:42:42'),
(49, 46, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Sugar beet line GTSB77 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the proprietary cytoplasmic male sterile sugar beet line A1012 with plasmid PV-BVGT03. The T-DNA region of the <i>Agrobacterium</i> Ti plasmid used to develop line GTSB77 contained sequences encoding CP4 EPSPS, glyphosate oxidase (GOX), neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), and GUS.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Associated with the CP4 EPSPS encoding gene were promoter sequences derived from the 35S transcript of figwort mosaic virus (FMV), sequences encoding the chloroplast transit peptide (CTP2) from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EPSPS gene, and transcription termination and polyadenylation signal sequences from the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS; rubisco) encoding gene from pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the GUS encoding <i>uidA</i> gene was regulated using the enhanced 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the transcription termination sequences from the 3&rsquo; region of the pea rbcS encoding gene. The regulatory sequences linked to the <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i> GOX encoding gene included the FMV 35S promoter, CTP1 signal sequence from the small subunit 1A of rubisco from <i>A. thaliana</i>, and 3&rsquo; termination sequences from the <i>A. tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase gene.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:05:01'),
(50, 45, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Event T120-7 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of calli from the parent line R01 with plasmid vector pOCA18/Ac. The transfer-DNA (T-DNA) portion of the tumour inducing (Ti) bacterial plasmid was engineered to contain a modified form the PAT encoding gene as well as the <i>nptII</i> gene. In order to enhance plant expression of the protein, the nucleotide sequence of the <i>pat</i> gene was modified using site-directed mutagenesis to contain plant-preferred codons. These modifications did not result in changes to the predicted amino acid sequence of the PAT enzyme. Expression of NPTII was used as a selectable marker to screen for transformed plants during tissue culture regeneration and multiplication.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Associated with the <i>pat</i> gene were promoter sequences, as well as transcription termination and polyadenylation signal sequences, derived from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). Expression of the NPTII encoding gene was regulated using promoter sequences from the <i>A. tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase encoding gene (<i>nos</i>).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:02:57'),
(51, 62, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Transgenic carnation line 66 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of carnation plants (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i> L., cultivar Ashley) in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial Ti plasmid was modified to contain a truncated copy of the ACC synthase encoding gene and the ALS encoding gene (<i>surB</i>) from a chlorsulfuron tolerant isolate of tobacco. The truncated ACC synthase gene was arranged in the &ldquo;sense&rdquo; orientation and contained promoter sequences from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and transcription termination and a 3&rsquo; polyadenylation signal sequence from the 3&rsquo; untranslated region of the <i>A. tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase gene (3&rsquo; <i>nos</i>).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>surB</i> gene was used as a selectable marker to identify transformed plants during tissue culture regeneration. Expression of the ALS enzyme was regulated using the CaMV 35S promoter and the <i>surB</i> terminator derived from tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:36:34'),
(52, 64, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic carnation lines 4, 11, 15, 16, were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of carnation plants (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i> L., cultivar &lsquo;White Unesco&rsquo;) in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial Ti plasmid was modified to contain the DFR and F3&rsquo;, 5&rsquo;H encoding genes from petunia as well as the surB (ALS encoding) gene from a chlorsulfuron tolerant line of tobacco.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the DFR encoding gene was regulated using the Mac-1 constitutive promoter from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> and the Mas terminator sequences, also derived from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Expression of the F3&rsquo;, 5&rsquo;H encoding gene was under the control of the petal-specific chalcone synthase (CHS) promoter from <i>Anthirrhinum majus</i> and the D8 terminator from <i>P. hybrida</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>surB</i> gene was used as a selectable marker to identify transformed plants during tissue culture regeneration. Expression of the ALS enzyme was regulated using the CaMV 35S promoter and the <i>surB</i> terminator derived from tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:38:21'),
(53, 63, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic carnation lines 959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A, 1363A, and 1400A were produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of carnation plants (<i>Dianthus caryophyllus</i> L., cultivar &lsquo;White Unesco&rsquo;) in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) region of the bacterial Ti plasmid was modified to contain the DFR and F3&rsquo;, 5&rsquo;H encoding genes as well as the surB (ALS encoding) gene from a chlorsulfuron tolerant line of tobacco.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the DFR encoding gene was under the control of its own promoter and terminator sequences. Expression of the F3&rsquo;, 5&rsquo;H encoding gene was under the control of the petal-specific chalcone synthase (CHS) promoter and the D8 terminator, both derived from <i>Petunia hybrida</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>surB</i> gene was used as a selectable marker to identify transformed plants during tissue culture regeneration. Expression of the ALS enzyme was regulated using the CaMV 35S promoter and the surB terminator derived from tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i>).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:37:30'),
(54, 28, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Transgenic TC1507 maize was produced by biolistic (microprojectile bombardment) transformation of the hybrid maize line Hi-II (Hi-II is a cross between A188 and B73 inbred lines of maize) with plasmid DNA containing sequences corresponding to a modified (synthetic, less than full-length) form of the <i>cry1Fa2</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. <i>aizawai</i> strain PS811 and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">In order to optimize expression of the Cry1F protein, the nucleotide sequence of the <i>cry1Fa2</i> gene was modified via <i>in vitro</i> mutagenesis to contain plant-preferred codons. Transcription of the <i>cr1Fa2</i> gene was directed by the promoter and a 5&#39; untranslated region from the maize ubiquitin (<i>ubi</i>) gene including the first exon and intron. The 3&#39; termination/polyadenylation sequences were derived from the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> open reading frame 25 (ORF25 PolyA). The <i>ubi</i> exon and intron included in this construct (PHI8999) have no effect on the structure of the Cry1F product, only on the expression of the gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Transcriptional regulation of the <i>pat</i> gene was via promter and terminator sequences derived from the 35S transcript of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:36:34'),
(55, 75, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON 863 was produced by biolistic transformation of the inbred line A634 (reportedly one of the most popular publicly available inbred lines used in hybrid maize production in the United States) using linearized plasmid PV-ZMIR13 DNA purified following <i>Mlu I</i> restriction endonuclease digestion. The introduced DNA contained the modified <i>cry3Bb1</i> gene from <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kumamotoensis</i> under the control of the 4-AS1 promoter (CaMV 35S promoter with 4 repeats of an activating sequence), plus the 5&#39; untranslated leader sequence of the wheat chlorophyll a/b binding protein (wt CAB leader) and the rice actin intron. The transcription termination sequence was provided from the 3&#39; untranslated region of the wheat 17.3 kD heat shock protein (<i>tahsp17</i>). The modified <i>cry3Bb1</i> gene encodes a protein of 653 amino acids whose amino acid sequence differs from that of the wild-type protein by the addition of an alanine residue at position 2 and by seven amino acid changes.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The introduced DNA also contained a copy of the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) encoding gene (<i>neo</i>; synonym <i>nptII</i>) derived from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This gene was introduced as a selectable marker under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and the 3&rsquo; untranslated termination sequence (NOS 3&rsquo;) from the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase gene. The <i>nptII</i> cassette also contained a 153 base pair portion of the bleomycin binding protein gene (<i>ble</i>; 378 bp total size).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 12:29:30'),
(56, 76, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The original herbicide-tolerant rice mutant, 93AS3510, was selected following chemically-induced accelerated mutagenesis of AS3510 seeds treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). This mutant line was then crossed with the commercial rice varieties Cocodrie, Maybelle, and Cypress to create the imazethapyr tolerant lines CL121, CL141, and CFX51, respectively.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:45:33'),
(57, 4, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Oxy-235 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the <i>B. napus</i> cultivar &#39;Westar&#39; with plasmid pRPA-BL-150a using the EHA 101 strain of <i>A. tumefaciens</i>. Transformed plants were regenerated in tissue culture using bromoxynil as the sole selective agent. The original transformationevent --Westar-Oxy-235-- was used as a parental line in the production of commercial canola varieties marketed under the Navigator&trade; name.<br />\nPlasmid pRPA-BL-150a was a double border binary Ti vector containing one copy of the <i>bxn</i> gene (1150 bp) under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and an enhancer region from the non-translated portion of the RuBisCo SSU gene from maize. The construct also contained the nopaline synthase 3&#39; non-coding regions from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> (plasmid pTi37).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:38:01'),
(58, 77, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Event MON 15985 was developed by biolistic transformation of cotton meristems with purified DNA containing the <i>cry2Ab2</i> and <i>uidA</i> (GUS) expression cassettes. The parental variety used in the transformation, DP50B, was derived from a conventional cross between DP50 and the transgenic Bollgard&reg; cotton line 531. Therefore, the parental line already contained the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene as well as two selectable marker genes, the <i>nptII</i> gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) and the <i>aad</i> gene encoding aminoglycoside adenyltransferase (AAD).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The DNA used for transformation was an approximately 6 kb fragment containing the expression cassettes for <i>cry2Ab2</i> and <i>uidA</i>, and was derived from plasmid PF-GHBK11 following restriction endonuclease digestion and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. The purified DNA fragment did not contain any other plasmid-derived sequences, such as the bacterial origin of replication site or antibiotic resistance marker genes.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>cry2Ab2</i> construct consisted of a synthetic copy of the <i>cry2Ab2</i> gene originally isolated from <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kurstaki</i> (<i>Btk</i>) under the regulatory control of the doubly enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (e35S) and a polyadenylation signal isolated from the 3&rsquo;-terminal untranslated region of the nopaline synthase (NOS) gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. Transcriptional activation was modulated by inclusion of the 5&rsquo;-terminal untranslated leader sequence from the petunia heat shock 70 protein (PetHSP70). Targeting of the expressed protein to chloroplasts was accomplished by fusing the sequence encoding the chloroplast transit peptide, isolated from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, to the 5&rsquo;-terminus of the <i>cry2Ab2</i> gene sequence.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>cry2Ab2</i> gene was completely re-synthesized to incorporate plant-preferred codons, and the expressed protein was 88% identical (97% similarity with conservative substitutions) to the native Cry2Ab2 protein expressed in <i>B. thuringiensis</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>uidA</i> (synonym <i>gus</i>) gene, isolated from <i>E. coli</i> strain K12, encodes the enzyme &szlig;-D-glucuronidase (GUS), and was included as a scorable marker allowing colorimetric identification of transformed plant tissue following histochemical staining. Gene expression was regulated using the same e35S promoter and NOS 3&rsquo; sequences as used for the <i>cry2Ab</i> gene construct.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 12:32:29'),
(59, 86, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The imidazolinone-tolerance trait in X81359 was discovered in a wild (weedy) population of sunflower (<i>Helianthus annus</i>). The natural mutation conferring the imidazolinone tolerance was detected in a field where soybeans has been cultivated and treated with imazethapyr for several seasons. The mutant sunflower population expressed a mutation in AHAS gene, conferring tolerance to applications of imazethapyr. Conventional plant breeding techniques were used to introduce the herbicide-tolerance trait into sunflower germplasm, including extensive backcrossing into NuSun sunflower varieties.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:56:41'),
(60, 95, '<p style="text-align: justify;">DAS-59122-7 maize was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the hybrid maize line Hi-II. The T-DNA segment of the vector plasmid PHP17662 contained sequences corresponding to synthetic forms of the <i>cry</i>34Ab1 and <i>cry</i>35Ab1 genes from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strain PS149B1, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding <i>pat</i> gene from <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>. The <i>cry</i>34Ab1 and <i>cry</i>35Ab1 gene sequences were modified to contain codons to optimize their expression in maize. Transcription of the <i>cry</i>34Ab1 gene was directed by the promoter, intron and 5&#39; untranslated region (UTR) sequences from the maize ubiquitin gene. Terminator sequences were derived from <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> proteinase inhibitor II (PINII). The expression of the <i>cry</i>35Ab1 gene was regulated by the root-preferred promoter from the <i>Triticum aestivum</i> peroxidase gene. Terminator sequences for the <i>cry</i>35Ab1 gene were identical to those for <i>cry</i>34Ab1. The expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was regulated by the 35S promoter from the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV). Terminator sequences were derived from the CaMV 35S terminator.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:10:20'),
(61, 83, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Tobacco line Vector 21-41 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of leaf discs from Burley 21 LA using the binary vector pYTY32. Transformed plantlets were regenerated on MS medium containing kanamycin as a positive selection agent.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The plasmid vector pYTY32 was transformed into disarmed <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> strain LBA 4404 via electroporation. The plasmid pYTY32 was a modification of the pBin19 plasmid which and carried the NtQTP1 promoter and the antisense configuration of NtQTP1 cDNA As well, the plasmid T-DNA region contained the <i>nptII</i> gene coding for kanamycin resistance as a marker. Transcription of the <i>nptII</i> gene was regulated using the promoter and termination sequences from the <i>A. tumefaciens</i> nopaline synthase encoding gene (<i>nos</i>).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:54:14'),
(62, 87, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Seed of the wheat variety Gunner was subjected to chemical-induced mutagenesis with Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) and Diethyl sulphate (DES). Whole plant selection procedures for herbicide tolerance were used. One herbicide tolerant mutant was designated AP602CL.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:57:52'),
(63, 92, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The cotton line 281-24-236 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of plant cells from the cotton variety &lsquo;Germain&rsquo;s Acala GC510.&rsquo; The pAGM281 plasmid was used for the transformation. It contained the <i>cry</i>1F gene, coding for a full length chimeric Cry1F protein (delta-endotoxin) which confers Lepidopteran insect resistance; a mannopine synthase promoter containing four copies of the octopine synthase enhancer ((4OCS)delta-mas2&rsquo;) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain LBA 4404 pTi15955; and a bi-directional terminator (ORF25polyA) from the same <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain as the promoter. The pAGM281 plasmid also contained a synthetic version of the <i>pat</i> gene, coding for glufosinate ammonium tolerance, and used as a selectable marker. The expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was under the control of a <i>Zea mays</i> ubiquitin promoter (UbiAm1). The plasmid backbone, derived from plasmid Rk2, contained an erythromycin resistance gene to allow the selection of bacteria containing pAGM281.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Successful transformants were detected as those tolerant to glufosinate ammonium. Resistance to lepidopteran insects was tested by conducting a bioassay using leaf discs from the successful transformants. Leaf discs were fed to the larvae of cotton bollworm, a target lepidopteran pest. The successful event was designated 281-24-236 and was subsequently introgressed into the elite genotype &lsquo;PSC355,&rsquo; a cultivar with a broad adaptation to the southern United States.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:05:05'),
(64, 82, '<p style="text-align: justify;">LLCotton25 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of plant cells from the cotton variety &ldquo;Coker 312&rdquo;. The plasmid vector pGSV71 used for transformation contained the following: the gene coding for glufosinate ammonium tolerance (<i>bar</i> gene), the promoter region (P35S) from the cauliflower mosaic virus, and the 3&rsquo; untranslated end of the nopaline synthase gene (3&rsquo; <i>nos</i>). The transformation was achieved by culturing cotton tissue, excised between the hypocotyl and the radicle of three-day old cotton seedlings, with a culture of <i>A. tumefaciens</i> harbouring the Ti plasmid pGV3000 and the plasmid vector pGSV71. Explants from this culture were then regenerated to whole plants using tissue culture techniques. Transformed plants expressing the <i>bar </i>gene were selected with glufosinate ammonium.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:52:28'),
(65, 91, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The rice line PWC16 was isolated from a population derived from seed of the variety &lsquo;Cypress&rsquo; which had been treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a substance know to induce point mutations within the genome of organisms. The selection of herbicide tolerant plants was made from whole plants treated with imazethapyr. The designation of PWC16 was given to the imazethapyr-tolerant plant selected from the population. Seed increase was achieved through self-pollination or natural (wind) pollination occurring among plants of this line.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:03:38'),
(66, 90, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The wheat line AP205CL was isolated from a population derived from seed of the variety &lsquo;Gunner&rsquo; which had been treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and diethyl sulfate (DES), substances known to induce point mutations within the genome of organisms. The selection of herbicide tolerant plants was made from whole plants treated with imazamox. The designation AP205CL was given to the imazamox-tolerant plant selected from the population.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:02:11'),
(67, 88, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The wheat line Teal 11A was isolated from a population derived from seed of the variety &lsquo;CDC Teal&rsquo; which had been treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a substance known to induce point mutations within the genome of organisms. The selection of herbicide tolerant plants was made from whole plants treated with imazamox and imazethapyr. The designation Teal 11A was given to the mutant that had exhibited tolerance to both herbicides. Seed from this line was obtained from self-fertilization.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:58:56'),
(68, 79, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The wheat line MON 71800 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of plant cells from &lsquo;Bobwhite&rsquo; spring wheat. The plasmid vector PV-TXGT10 used for the transformation contained two <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene cassettes coding for glyphosate tolerance. Each gene cassette consisted of chloroplast transit peptide coding sequences from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana epsps</i> gene (<i>Arab</i>TP) associated with the sequences of the <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene. Two different promoters were used to regulate the expression of each <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene: 1) the enhanced 35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus and 2), the promoter, transcription start site, and first intron of the 5&rsquo; region of the rice <i>actin</i>1 gene. Terminator sequences in each gene casette consisted of the 3&rsquo; non-translated region of the nopaline synthase gene (nos 3&rsquo;). The PV-TXGT10 vector backbone contained the origin of replication sequences <i>ori-V</i> and <i>ori-322/rop</i>. The vector backbone also contained the <i>aad</i> gene, which codes for streptomycin adenyltransferase, to allow the selection of bacteria containing the PV-TXGT10 vector.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:49:54'),
(69, 93, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The cotton line 3006-210-23 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of plant cells from the cotton variety &lsquo;Germain&rsquo;s Acala GC510&rsquo; using the the binary plasmid vector pMYC3006. The plasmid contained the <i>cry</i>1Ac gene, coding for a full length chimeric Cry1Ac protein (delta-endotoxin) which confers lepidopteran insect resistance; a <i>Zea mays</i> promoter system (UbiZm1); and a bi-directional terminator (ORF25polyA) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain LBA 4404 pTi15955. The pMYC3006 plasmid also contained a synthetic version of the <i>pat</i> gene, coding for glufosinate ammonium tolerance, and used as a selectable marker. The expression of the <i>pat</i> gene was controlled by a mannopine synthase promoter from pTi15955, and four copies of the octopine syntase (4OCS) enhancer from pTiAch5. Polyadenylation sequences were derived from the bi-directional ORF25 terminator from pTi15955. The plasmid backbone, derived from plasmid Rk2, contained an erythromycin resistance gene to allow the selection of bacteria containing pMYC3006.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Successful transformants were detected as those tolerant to glufosinate ammonium. Resistance to lepidopteran insects was tested by conducting bioassays using leaf discs from the successful transformants. These were fed to cotton bollworm, a target lepidopteran pest. The successful event was designated 3006-210-23 and was subsequently introgressed into the elite genotype &lsquo;PSC355,&rsquo; a cultivar with a broad adaptation to the southern United States.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:06:59');
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_modifications` (`id`, `eventId`, `description`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(70, 94, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Sugar beet line H7-1 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the sugar beet line 3S0057 with the binary plasmid vector PV-BVGT08. The T-DNA region of the plasmid vector contained sequences encoding CP4 EPSPS from <i>Agrobacterium</i> sp. strain CP4. Associated with the CP4 EPSPS encoding gene were modified promoter sequences from the 35S transcript of figwort mosaic virus (P-FMV), sequences encoding the chloroplast transit peptide (<i>ctp2</i>) from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> EPSPS gene, and transcription termination and polyadenylation signal sequences from the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (<i>rbcS</i>) E9 encoding gene from pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>). Right border and left border sequences of the T-DNA region of the plasmid vector were derived from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The plasmid also contained a vegetative and bacterial origin of replication for maintenance and replication of the plasmid in both <i>A. tumefaciens</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. The <i>aad</i> gene, encoding the Tn7 AAD 3&rsquo; adenyltransferase that provides resistance to spectinomicyn and streptomycin, was also present in the plasmid, as well as <i>rop</i>, a sequence that helps to maintain and control the copy number of the plasmid in <i>E. coli</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The plasmid vector PV-BVGT08 did not contain marker gene sequences. The selection of successfully transformed cells was achieved by applying glyphosate and screening for tolerant cells.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:08:46'),
(71, 78, '<p style="text-align: justify;">TC-6275 maize was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the inbred maize line Hi-II with the plasmid vector PHP12537. The T-DNA segment of PHP12537 contained sequences of a modified (<i>i.e.</i>, synthetic, maize-optimized and truncated) form of the <i>cry</i>1F gene (mo<i>cry</i>1F) from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. <i>aizawai</i> strain PS811, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding <i>bar</i> gene from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>. The nucleotide sequence of the <i>cry</i>1F gene was modified to contain codons to optimize expression of the Cry1F protein in maize. Transcription of the <i>cry</i>1F gene was directed by the promoter, intron and 5&#39; untranslated sequences from the maize ubiquitin gene. Terminator sequences were derived from the <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> (potato) proteinase inhibitor II (PINII). The expression of the <i>bar</i> gene was regulated by the 35S promoter and upstream enhancer sequences from the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) strain 1841, and the alcohol dehydrogenase intron (ADH1) from <i>Zea mays</i>. Terminator sequences were derived from the <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> proteinase inhibitor II.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:47:42'),
(72, 89, '<p style="text-align: justify;">RH44 lentil was isolated from a population derived from the seed of several lentil cultivars treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), a substance known to induce point mutations within the genome of organisms. The selection of herbicide tolerant plants was made from whole plants treated with an imidazolinone herbicide. One imidazolinone tolerant plant was selected from this population. Conventional breeding and seed increase techniques were then used to develop the imidazolinone-tolerant line RH44.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:00:21'),
(73, 80, '<p style="text-align: justify;">ASR368 creeping bentgrass was produced by microprojectile bombardment of plant cells from the line B99061R. The plasmid vector PV-ASGT08 used for the transformation contained two <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene cassettes coding for glyphosate tolerance. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid (PV-ASGT08L) contained two <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene expression cassettes. Joined with each of the <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene sequences was a chloroplast transit peptide (<i>cpt2</i>) sequence, derived from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana epsps</i> gene. Two unique promoters were used to regulate the expression of CP4 EPSPS in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. In the first cassette, gene expression was regulated by an enhanced 35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and the intron of the hsp70 (heat shock protein) gene from <i>Zea mays</i>. The expression of the second <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene was regulated by the 5&rsquo; region of the rice actin1 gene which contains the promoter, transcription start site, and first intron. The transcription termination signal sequences were derived from the 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the nopaline synthase gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The PV-ASGT08 vector was replicated in <i>E. coli</i> and digested with the restriction enzyme HindIII to remove the backbone from the DNA segment PV-ASGT08L containing the gene construct. PV-ASGT08L was precipitated onto gold particles and introduced into the line B9961R by microprojectile bombardment. Transformed callus was selected <i>in vitro</i> using culture medium to which glyphosate had been incorporated. Plants were regenerated from tolerant callus using tissue culture techniques. ASR368 was isolated from these regenerated plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:51:09'),
(74, 96, '<p style="text-align: justify;">MON88017 maize was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the hybrid maize line LH198. The T-DNA segment of the vector plasmid PV-ZMIR39 contained sequences corresponding to a synthetic variant of the <i>cry</i>3Bb1 gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kumamotoensis</i> strain EG4691 and the <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> strain CP4. Transcription of the <i>cry</i>3Bb1 gene was directed by the 35S promoter with a duplicated enhancer region from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus, the 5&rsquo; untranslated leader from the wheat chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, and was enhanced by the rice actin gene first intron. Terminator and polyadenylation sequences were derived from the 3&rsquo; untranslated region of the wheat heat shock protein (tahsp17 3&rsquo;).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene, which codes for the novel protein CP4 EPSPS, was joined to the chloroplast transit peptide gene (<i>ctp2</i>), isolated from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) to target the expression of the novel protein to the chloroplast. The expression of the <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene was regulated by the rice actin gene promoter and enhanced by the rice actin gene first intron. Terminator and polyadenylation sequences were derived the 3&rsquo; untranslated region of the nopaline synthase (NOS) coding sequence. The left border sequence (from octopine Ti plasmid pTi15955) and right border (from nopaline Ti plasmid pTiT37) contained non-coding sequences essential for the transfer of the T-DNA segment.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:13:52'),
(75, 97, '<p style="text-align: justify;">MON 88913 cotton was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of hypocotyl tissue from the cotton variety &lsquo;Coker 312.&rsquo; The binary plasmid PV-GHGT35 was used for the transformation. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid contained two tandem <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene expression cassettes. Joined with each <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene was a chloroplast transit peptide (<i>cpt</i>2) sequence, derived from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana epsps</i> gene. Two unique promoter and enhancer sequences were used to regulate the expression of each <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene. In the first cassette, gene expression was regulated by P-FMV/TSF1, a chimeric promoter containing the <i>A. thaliana tsf1</i> gene promoter, the encoding elongation factor EF-1 alpha, enhancer sequences from the Figwort Mosaic Virus 35S promoter, as well as the leader and intron sequences from the <i>A. thaliana tsf1</i> gene. The expression of the second <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene was regulated by P-35S/ACT8, a chimeric promoter from the <i>act8</i> gene of <i>A. thaliana</i> combined with enhancer sequences from the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter, and the leader and intron sequences from the <i>act8</i> gene of <i>A. thaliana</i>. The transcriptional termination and polyadenylation sequences were derived from the T-E9 DNA sequences of <i>Pisum sativum</i>, containing the 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) small subunit E9 gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Transformed callus was selected <i>in vitro</i> using culture medium to which glyphosate had been incorporated. Plants were regenerated from tolerant callus using tissue culture techniques. MON 88913 was derived from a single regenerated plant that displayed tolerance to glyphosate.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:16:50'),
(76, 109, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Events J101 and J163 were developed by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of plant cells from the proprietary alfalfa clone &lsquo;R2336.&rsquo; Plant transformation was achieved with the plasmid vector PV-MSHT4. The T-DNA portion of this plasmid vector contained one <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene expression cassette coding for glyphosate tolerance. The <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene was linked to a chloroplast transit peptide (<i>cpt2</i>) sequence, derived from the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana epsps</i> gene. The expression of the <i>cp4 epsps</i> gene was regulated by an enhanced 35S promoter from the Figwort Mosaic Virus, and the petunia heat shock protein 70 5&rsquo; untranslated leader sequence. The transcriptional termination sequences were derived from the pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) small subunit E9 gene.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:21:42'),
(77, 110, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Event COT102 cotton was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the cotton variety &lsquo;Coker 312.&rsquo; Transformation was achieved using the vector pCOT1, which contained sequences corresponding to a synthetic <i>vip3A(a)</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strain AB88 coding for the vegetative insecticidal protein VIP3A, and the <i>aph4</i> gene from <i>E. coli</i>, coding for hygromycin-B phosphotransferase (APH4), an enzyme which confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin. Transcription of the <i>vip3A(a)</i> gene was directed by modified promoter sequences of the <i>actin-2</i> gene from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, including the first exon and intron from the non-translated leader sequence. Terminator and polyadenylation sequences were derived from the 3&#39; nontranslated terminator sequences of the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. The expression of the <i>aph4</i> gene was regulated by promoter sequences, as well as the first intron of the <i>ubiquitin-3</i> gene from <i>A. thaliana</i>. Terminator and polyadelination sequences for the <i>aph4</i> gene were identical to those used for the <i>vip3A(a)</i> gene. Vector backbone sequences included the streptomycin adenyltransferase (<i>aadA</i>) gene, which confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin, and was used as a bacterial selectable marker.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression of the <i>aph4</i> gene in successfully transformed cells allowed their selection on culture medium containing hygromycin. Successful transformants were regenerated and tested for resistance to lepidopteran pests. The successful event was designated COT102, was selfed to produce seed, and subsequently backcrossed into commercial cotton germplasm.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:23:32'),
(78, 122, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The wheat line BW255-2 and BW238-3 was isolated from populations derived by chemical-induced mutagenesis of wheat varieties BW255 and BW238 respectively, utilizing sodium azide as the mutagenizing chemical. The selection of herbicide tolerance was made on whole plants. The designation BW255-2 and BW238-3 was given to one herbicide tolerant mutant selected from each population.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:40:23'),
(79, 123, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Rice lines IMINTA 1 and IMINTA 4 were developed through chemically-induced mutagenesis of rice variety IRGA 417 with sodium azide to exhibit tolerance to imidazolinone containing herbicides. Whole plant selection procedures were used to select these events.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:41:49'),
(80, 111, '<p style="text-align: justify;">LY038 maize was developed using microprojectile bombardment with DNA-coated gold microprojectiles accelerated into callus derived from maize inbred line H99. The DNA used comprised a 5.9 Kb fragment of plasmid PV-ZMPQ76 containing the <i>cordapA</i> cassette and an <i>nptII</i> cassette as a selectable marker which was flanked by <i>loxP</i> recombination sites. Selection of transgenic callus and regenerated plants was performed by growth on paromomycin and plants positive for the <i>cordapA</i> gene by PCR were crossed to another maize line engineered to express the Cre recombinase protein. The Cre recombinase in the resulting hybrid initiated the excision of the DNA fragment, containing the <i>nptII</i> gene cassette flanked by the <i>loxP</i> sites, and splicing together of the two flanking chromosomal DNA fragments. The progeny were screened for plants that did not contain the <i>nptII</i> gene cassette, but contained the <i>cordapA</i> gene cassette. The <i>cre</i> gene, which was also integrated into the maize genome, was segregated away from the <i>cordapA</i> gene through subsequent breeding.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:25:30'),
(81, 125, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Soybean line MON89788 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation of meristematic tissue from soybean cultivar A3244. The plasmid PV-GMGOX20 used for transformation contained the <i>aroA</i> (<i>epsps</i>) gene from <i>A tumefaciens</i> strain CP4 encoding the CP4 EPSPS protein for glyphosate tolerance. Expression of the CP4 EPSPS gene was regulated by a chimeric promoter combining the enhancer sequences from the 35S promoter of the Figwort Mosaic Virus and the promoter from the <i>Tsf1</i> gene from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, which codes for the elongation factor, EF-1 alpha. A chloroplast transit peptide (CTP2) coding sequence from the <i>ShkG</i> gene of <i>A. thaliana</i> facilitated the translocation of newly translated EPSP synthase into chloroplasts, the site of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and glyphosate site of action. The 3&rsquo; nontranslated sequence from the ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (<i>RbcS2</i>) <i>E9</i> gene of pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) provided the transcriptional termination sequences. This cassette, coding for the expression of the CP4 EPSPS enzyme, was contained between the Right and Left Border sequences of the T-DNA region in PV-GMGOX20.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:43:29'),
(82, 113, '<p style="text-align: justify;">MIR604 maize was produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the inbred maize line A188. The T-DNA segment of the vector plasmid pZM26 contained a modified <i>cry3A</i> (<i>mcry3A</i>) gene encoding the mCry3A insecticidal protein and the <i>pmi</i> (<i>manA</i>) gene from <i>Escherichia coli</i> encoding the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker.<br>\n<br>\nThe maize-optimised modified <i>mcry3A</i> gene encodes a protein of 598 amino acids. The native <i>cry3A</i> gene was modified to incorporate a cathepsin-G serine protease recognition site within the expressed protein. The original N-terminal region of this protein has been removed and the mCry3A protein commences at a methionine residue in position 48 of the native protein. The entire coding region of the <i>mcry3A</i> gene was synthesised using codons that are preferred in maize. The amino acid sequence of the synthetic version of Cry3A is the same as the native protein, except for the modified serine-protease recognition site. Transcription of the <i>mcry3A</i> gene was directed by the MTL promoter derived from the <i>Zea mays</i> metallothionein-like gene, which demonstrates root-preferential expression. Terminator and polyadenylation sequences were derived from the nopaline synthase gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.<br>\n<br>\nThe <i>pmi</i> gene represents the <i>E.coli manA</i> gene and encodes the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase (PMI). It was used as a selectable marker gene during the transformation process. Mannose, a hexose sugar, is taken up by plants and converted to mannose-6-phosphate by hexokinase. This product cannot be further utilised in plants as they lack the PMI enzyme. The accumulation of mannose-6-phosphate inhibits phosphoglucose isomerase, causing a block in glycolysis. It also depletes cells of orthophosphate required for the production of ATP. Therefore, while mannose has no direct toxicity on plant cells, it causes growth. This does not occur in plants transformed with the <i>pmi</i> gene as they can utilise mannose as a source of carbon. Expression of the <i>pmi</i> gene was driven by the promoter and first intron from the <i>Z. mays</i> polyubiquitin gene which provides constitutive gene expression in monocots. The nopaline synthase gene from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> was again used for termination and polyadenylation sequences. The left border sequence (from octopine Ti plasmid pTi15955) and right border (from nopaline Ti plasmid pTiT37) contained non-coding sequences essential for the transfer of the T-DNA segment.<br>\n </p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 16:02:04'),
(83, 126, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The wheat line BW7 was isolated from populations derived by chemical-induced mutagenesis of wheat lines utilizing sodium azide as the mutagenizing chemical. The selection of herbicide tolerance was made on whole plants. The designation BW7 was given to one herbicide tolerant mutant selected from a number of different populations.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:45:09'),
(84, 127, '<p style="text-align: justify;">A number of transgenic lines were produced by transformation of the plum cultivar &lsquo;Bluebyrd&rsquo; with <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> strain C58/Z707 containing a binary T-DNA plasmid. Seeds of the plum cultivar were sterilised and soaked in sterile water overnight before the seed coat was removed and the cotyledons slit open. The embryonic axis was removed and the hypocotyl segment cut into slices approximately 1mm thick. These slices were immersed in a liquid culture of the the <i>Agrobacterium</i> strain and then cultured on medium containing various plant hormones to induce shoot formation and regeneration.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The binary plasmid was derived from pGA482GG and contains the <i>nptII</i> and <i>uidA</i> (gus) marker genes, as well as tetracycline and gentamicin antibiotic resistance genes. The <i>nptII</i> gene is under control of the nopaline synthase promoter (nos) and nos terminator. The <i>uidA</i> gene is under control of the 35S promoter and nos terminator. The tetracycline and gentamicin marker genes are under control of prokaryotic promoters and therefore are not expressed in plants. In addition to these intact genes, pGA482GG contains an interrupted &szlig;-lactamase gene. Sequencing analysis shows that this gene is interrupted by a cos site that renders the gene non-functional. The <i>nptII</i> gene codes for the neomycin phosphotransferase enzyme (NPT) which provides resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin as a selectable marker. The <i>uidA</i> gene codes for the &szlig;-glucuronidase enzyme (GUS) as another marker gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The coat protein gene of the plum pox virus containing the 35S promoter and the nos terminator, from plasmid pBIPCP was subcloned into <i>Hind</i>III-digested pGA482GG and the resulting plasmid was designated pGA482GG/PPV-CP-33. This plasmid was used to electrotransform <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain C58/Z707 and used for transformation of plum tissue.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:47:32'),
(85, 131, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line 3272 was produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature embryos derived from the proprietary line A188 of <i>Zea mays</i> (maize) using the transformation vector pNOV7013. The T-DNA segment of this plasmid contained, between the right and left borders, the <i>amy797E</i> and <i>pmi</i> genes and their regulatory elements.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The chimeric <i>amy797E</i> gene was generated to combine the best features of three thermostable amylase enzymes isolated from <i>Thermococcus</i> species bacteria, designated as BD5031, BD5064 and BD5063 (Richardson et al., 2002). Fragments from the three parental genes were combined (in the same relative position) based on the natural sequence homology to create a library of recombinant alpha-amylase genes. The chimeric AMY797E aplha-amylase enzyme (alternatively known as &ldquo;797GL3&rdquo;) was identified by screening these recombined enzymes and is composed of four fragments from BD5031, two fragments from BD5064 and three fragments from BD5063. The <i>amy797E</i> gene includes fusions of a 19 amino acid N-terminal maize gamma-zein signal sequence and a C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (Lanahan et al., 2003). The maize gamma-zein signal sequence and the ER retention signal provide for protein targeting to and retention in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell, respectively. The alpha-amylase coding region of the <i>amy797E</i> gene was synthesized to accommodate the preferred codon usage for maize. The <i>amy797E</i> gene is regulated by the GZein promoter from <i>Zea mays</i> and the 35S terminator from the cauliflower mosaic virus.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>pmi</i> gene represents the <i>manA</i> gene from E. coli and encodes the enzyme phosphomannose isomerase (PMI). It was used as a selectable marker gene during the transformation process. Mannose, a hexose sugar, is taken up by plants and converted to mannose-6-phosphate by hexokinase. This product cannot be further utilised in plants as they lack the PMI enzyme. The accumulation of mannose-6-phosphate inhibits phosphoglucose isomerase, causing a block in glycolysis. It also depletes cells of orthophosphate required for the production of ATP. Therefore, while mannose has no direct toxicity on plant cells, it causes growth inhibition. This does not occur in plants transformed with the <i>pmi</i> gene as they can utilise mannose as a source of carbon. The <i>pmi</i> gene is regulated by the polyubiquitin promoter (ZmUbilnt) from maize and the NOS terminator from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Transformed cells were grown on cell culture media containing mannose and tested by PCR for the presence of both the <i>amy797E</i> and <i>pmi</i>i genes and the absence of the spec gene (an antibiotic resistant marker in the plasmid backbone). Regenerated plants meeting these criteria were transferred to the greenhouse for propagation</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:51:47'),
(86, 132, '<p style="text-align: justify;">MON89034 was produced by <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of corn with PVZMIR245, which is a binary vector containing 2 separate T-DNA regions. The first T-DNA, designated as T-DNA I, contained the <i>cry1A.105</i> and the <i>cry2Ab2</i> expression cassettes which express the insecticidal proteins Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. The <i>cry1A.105</i> gene, is a chimeric gene comprising of 4 domains from other <i>cry</i> genes previously used in transgenic plants. The amino acid sequences of Domains I and II are identical with the respective domains from Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac proteins, Domain III is almost identical to the Cry1F protein, and the C-terminal Domain is identical to Cry1Ac protein. Overall, the amino acid sequence homology of Cry1A.105 is 93.6%, 90.0%, and 76.7% respectively with the Cry1Ac, Cry1Ab and Cry1F proteins. The expression cassette for the coding sequence of the Cry1A.105 protein consists of the promoter (<i>P-e35S</i>) and leader for the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA with a duplicated enhancer region. The cassette also contains the 5&#39; untranslated leader of the wheat chlorophyll a/b/ binding protein (<i>L-Cab</i>), the intron from the rice actin gene (I-Ract1), the <i>cry1A.105</i> coding sequence that was optimized for expression in monocots, and the 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the coding sequence for wheat heat shock protein 17.3 (<i>T-Hsp17</i>), which terminates transcription and provides the signal for mRNA polyadenylation</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The Cry2Ab2 protein is a member of the Cry2Ab class of proteins that share &gt;95% amino sequence homology. Like the Cry2Ab2 protein produced in the transgenic cotton event 15985, the Cry2Ab2 protein produced in MON89034 is a slight variant of the wild-type Cry2Ab2 protein isolated from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kurstaki</i>. The Cry2Ab2 produced in MON 89034 is identical to the Cry2Ab2 produced in 15985 cotton, and they differ from the wild-type Cry2Ab2 of Bt by only one amino acid. The promoter region of the <i>cry2Ab2</i> gene expression cassette consists of the 35S promoter from figwort mosaic virus (<i>P-FMV</i>) and the first intron from the corn heat shock protein 70 gene (<i>I-Hsp 70</i>). The cassette also contains a <i>cry2Ab2</i> coding sequence with a modified codon usage fused to a chloroplast transit peptide region of corn ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit including the first intron (<i>TSSSU-CTP</i>). The 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the nopaline synthase (<i>T-nos</i>) coding region from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> T-DNA terminates transcriptionand directs polyadenylation.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The second T-DNA, designated as T-DNA II, contains the <i>nptII</i> (neomycin phosphotransferase II) expression cassette. The nptII gene cassette that produces the NPTII protein consists of the promoter (<i>P-e35S</i>) from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA. The cassette also contains the coding sequence for the NPTII protein, followed by the 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the nopaline synthase (<i>T-nos</i>) sequence from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> which terminates the transcription and directs polyadenylation.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">During transformation, both T-DNAs were inserted into the genome. The <i>nptII</i> gene confers resistance to Kanamycin and similar antibiotics and was used as the selectable marker for isolation of transformed cells and regeneration of transgenic plants. Once transgenic plants had been regenerated, the selectable marker gene was no longer needed and conventional breeding was used to isolate plants that only contain the <i>cry1A.105</i> and the <i>cry2Ab2</i> expression cassettes (T-DNA I) and did not contain the <i>nptII</i> expression cassette (T-DNA II), thereby, producing marker-free transgenic lines, one of which was selected and designated as MON89034.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:54:54'),
(87, 133, '<p style="text-align: justify;">DP356043 was produced by microprojectile-mediated bombardment of embryogenic somatic cell cultures, derived from explants from small, immature soybean seeds of the cultivar, Jack. The DNA was derived from the plasmid PHP20163, which contained two expression cassettes and an antibiotic (hygromycin) resistance marker gene. From this plasmid, a linear fragment was excised, referred to as PHP20163A transformation fragment, and used for transformation by adsorption to gold microparticles. The PHP20163A transformation fragment contained two expression cassettes, the <i>gat4601</i> and the <i>gm-hra</i> gene cassettes, but does not contain the antibiotic resistance marker gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>gat4601</i> gene cassette contains the coding sequence of the <i>gat4601</i> gene, which encodes the GAT4601 protein. It is a synthetic gene derived from three <i>gat</i> genes from <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>. <i>In planta</i> expression of the <i>gat4601</i> gene is under the control of two regulatory elements, the SCP1 promoter and the TMV omega 5&#39;-UTR. The SCP1 promoter is a synthetic constitutive promoter containing a portion of the CaMV 35S promoter and the Rsyn7-Syn II Core synthetic consensus promoter. The TMV omega 5&#39;-UTR is the omega 5&#39; untranslated leader of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus. The SCP1 promoter drives the transcription of the <i>gat4601</i> gene. The TMV omega 5&#39;-UTR, which is located downstream from the SCP1 promoter, enhances translation. Termination of transcription of the <i>gat4601</i> gene is under the control of the <i>pin</i>II terminator, the 3&#39; terminator sequence from the proteinase inhibitor II gene of <i>Solanum tuberosum</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>gm-hra</i> gene cassette contains the coding sequence of the <i>gm-hra</i> gene, which encodes the GM-HRA protein. It is a modified version of the endogenous soybean acetolactate synthase gene (<i>gm-als</i>), which encodes the GM-ALS I protein. Compared to the GM-ALS I protein, the GMHRA protein sequence contains two amino acid substitutions important for tolerance to the ALS inhibiting class of herbicides, and five additional N-terminal amino acids derived from the translation of 15 nucleotides of the <i>gm-als</i> 5&#39; untranslated region. <i>In planta</i> expression of the <i>gm-hra</i> gene is controlled by the promoter derived from the S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) gene from soybean, and an intron that interrupts the SAMS 5&#39; untranslated region (5&#39;-UTR). Termination of transcription of the <i>gm-hra</i> gene is under the control of the native soybean acetolactate synthase terminator (<i>gm-als</i> terminator).</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 00:57:08'),
(88, 136, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Event 98140 was produced via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of immature maize embryos using the plasmid vector PHP24279 (containing the <i>gat4621</i> and <i>zm-hra</i> gene cassettes). Immature embryos of maize were aseptically removed from the developing caryopsis 9 - 10 days after pollination and infected with <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> strain LBA4404 containing plasmid PHP24279, essentially as described in Zhao <i>et al</i>., (2001). After 6 days of embryo and <i>Agrobacterium</i> co-cultivation on solid culture medium with no selection, the embryos were transferred to selective medium that was stimulatory to maize somatic embryogenesis containing glyphosate for selection of cells expressing the <i>gat4621</i> transgene. The medium also contained carbenicillin to kill any remaining <i>Agrobacterium</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">After two weeks on the selective medium, healthy, growing calli that demonstrated resistance to glyphosate were identified. The putative transgenic calli were continually transferred to fresh selection medium for further growth until the start of the regeneration process. The presence of both transgenes was confirmed using PCR analysis, and regenerated whole transgenic plants (T0) were transferred to the greenhouse where they were evaluated for glyphosate and ALS-inhibitor herbicide tolerance.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:00:38'),
(89, 137, '<p style="text-align: justify;">MIR162 maize was produced by <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation of immature embryos using the plasmid vector pNOV1300. The transformation vector is a disarmed, binary vector that contains both left and right transfer-DNA (T-DNA) border sequences to facilitate transformation. The vector region between the left and right border sequences, which included the <i>vip3Aa19</i> and <i>pmi</i> gene expression cassettes, was inserted into the maize genome during transformation. One expression cassette consists of the <i>vip3Aa20</i> (see below for explanation of name change) coding region regulated by the <i>Zea mays</i> polyubiquitin promoter (ZmUbilInt) and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S 3&rsquo; polyadenylation sequences. A second expression cassette consists of the <i>pmi</i> coding region regulated by the <i>Zea mays</i> polyubiquitin promoter (ZmUbilInt) and the nopaline synthase (NOS) polyadenylation sequence.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:03:00'),
(90, 139, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Pioneer used microprojectile bombardment to co-transform secondary plant cell embryos with two purified linear DNA fragments: a 2924 base pair fragment (PHP19340A fragment) containing the <i>gm-fad2-1</i> cassette, and the 4512 base pair fragment (PHP17752A fragment) containing the <i>gm-hra</i> cassette. The <i>gm-fad2-1</i> cassette includes the promoter region from the soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene (<i>KTi3</i>), a fragment of the <i>FAD2-1</i> gene that corresponds to approximately 40% of the middle portion of the <i>FAD2-1</i> gene (597 bp), and the 3&#39; untranslated region of the <i>KTi3</i> gene (<i>KTi3</i> terminator).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>gm-hra</i> cassette contains the <i>gm-hra</i> gene (1971 bp), which is an optimized form of the endogenous <i>als</i> gene from soybean, with transcription regulated by the S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) constitutive promoter (1.3 kb) from soybean and with transcription terminated by the endogenous <i>als</i> gene terminator (0.6 kb) from soybean.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:05:20'),
(91, 141, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Cotton line GHB614 was developed through <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the cotton variety Coker 312, using the transformation vector pTEM2. Cotton explants were exposed to a culture of disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing plasmid p-TEM2. After co-culture, the cotton cells were regenerated to whole plants using the appropriate regeneration media with 500 mg/L claforan to eliminate residual <i>Agrobacterium</i>, and then selected with glyphosate.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The shoots that developed were transferred to the greenhouse, further tested for tolerance to glyphosate, and allowed to flower and set seed. The transformation was confirmed by 2mEPSPS enzyme activity assay, by glyphosate application to leaves, and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analyses.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The transformation vector used to generate cotton line GHB614, p-TEM2, contains one gene expression cassette within the left and right border segments (T-DNA). The sequence of the 2mepsps gene is derived from the wildtype <i>epsps</i> gene from corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) with two single nucleotide mutations introduced by site directed mutagenesis. A methionine codon has been added to the N-terminal end of the 2mEPSPS protein sequence in order to restore the cleavage site of the optimized plastid transit peptide. The double mutant produces a 47 kDa protein with normal enzyme function and reduced affinity for glyphosate.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The Ph4a748At promoter and h3At intron are regulatory elements used to control expression of the <i>2mepsps</i> gene in cotton and are derived from the histone H4 gene of the plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. The use of these elements directs high level constitutive expression, particularly in rapidly growing plant tissues. TPotp C, encodes the optimized transit peptide derived from genes of corn and sunflower and targets the mature protein to the plastids where it is normally located in the cell. The 3&rsquo;histonAt terminator from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> corresponds to the polyadenylation signal which is essential to end transcription of the introduced gene.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:09:01'),
(92, 142, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Papaya line X17-2 was developed via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation using vector pBI121fs, which contained two gene expression cassettes located within the T-DNA region. The <i>prsv-cp</i> expression cassette consisted of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a frame-shift mutant of the coat protein encoding gene from PRSV isolate H1K, and the nopaline synthase (NOS) 3&rsquo; untranslated region from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. In order to enhance transcription of the <i>prsv-cp</i> gene, the uidA sequence with an initiation codon was placed at the 5&rsquo; terminus of the <i>prsv-cp</i> gene. The second cassette contained the NOS promoter region from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>, the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) encoding gene from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and the NOS 3&rsquo; untranslated region from <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:11:44'),
(93, 143, '<p style="text-align: justify;">The transgenic Bt cotton was developed by using the biolistic method of transformation system. The DNA transferred from the plasmid to the genome of individual cotton cells (T-DNA), included the <i>cry1Ac</i> and <i>nptII</i> genes. The transformed cotton shoots containing the <i>nptII</i> gene were selected on medium supplemented with kanamycin. A procedure for biolistics method of transformation of cotton is novel and performed using shoot meristem. Plants were regenerated and ultimately plantlets were grown in soil and assayed for insect resistance.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:13:52'),
(94, 140, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Cotton event COT67B was produced via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation of the Coker 312 cultivar using two plasmid vectors, pNOV4641 and pNOV1914. The T-DNA region of pNOV4641 contained a single copy of the <i>flcry1Ab</i> gene derived from <i>B. thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kurstaki</i> strain HD-1. The T-DNA region of pNOV1914 contained a single copy of the selectable marker gene <i>aph4</i>, which encodes hygromycin-B phosphotransferase. Expression of hygromycin-B phosphotransferase confers resistance to the antibiotic hygromycin, which was used for selection of transformed tissue during the initial tissue culture phase of transformation. However, once transformants were identified, traditional breeding was used to identify segregants containing <i>flcry1Ab</i> but lacking the <i>aph4</i> gene, including elements from its plasmid backbone. The <i>aph4</i> gene and related regulatory sequences are no longer present in cotton event COT67B.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:07:23'),
(95, 144, '<p style="text-align: justify;">A purified, linear DNA fragment derived from plasmid pAC321 was used to transform embryogenic axis tissue derived from the apical meristem of a single soybean seed of the commercial variety Conquista using particle bombardment. No carrier DNA was used in the process.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Soybean tissues were transformed with an approximately 6.2 kb linear fragment <i>Pvu</i>II fragment derived from plasmid pAC321 containing the <i>csr1-2</i> gene cassette.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The pAC321 fragment contains genomic Arabidopsis DNA including the mutant Arabidopsis acetohydroxyacid synthase large subunit (<i>ahasl</i>) coding sequence (also referred to in the literature as <i>csr1-2</i>) with transcription directed by the wild type Arabidopsis AHASL 5&rsquo; and 3&rsquo; untranslated regions (UTR) containing the putative promoter and terminator region. The <i>csr1-2</i> coding sequence is 2013 bp long and includes the S653N point mutation which confers tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides. In addition to the S653N mutation, a second mutation was discovered in the Arabidopsis ahas coding sequence integrated in the CV127 soybean genome. This second mutation, in which arginine at position 272 of the AtAHAS protein is replaced by lysine, does not impact the enzymatic function of the AHAS enzyme or its herbicide tolerance properties.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:15:40'),
(96, 146, '<p style="text-align: justify;">Potato event EH92-527-1 was developed by <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transformation of the cultivar Prevalent. T-DNA, from plasmid pHoxwG, derived from pBIN19, was delivered to leaf discs using a binary vector system. The introduced DNA included the <i>nptII</i> gene derived from the Tn5 transposon of <i>Escherichia coli</i> under the control of the nopaline synthase (<i>nos</i>) promoter and terminator, and a potato genomic <i>gbss</i> fragment oriented in the antisense direction, under the control of its own promoter and the <i>nos</i> terminator. The endogenous potato <i>gbss</i> gene encodes for granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), an enzyme which is responsible for amylose biosynthesis. RNA transcription from the antisense <i>gbss</i> construct leads to a reduction in expression of the endogenouts potato <i>gbss</i> gene. <i>nptII</i> encodes neomycin phosphotransferase II, an enzyme that inactivates aminoglycoside antibiotics such as kanamycin, neomycin, and geneticin and was used as a selectable marker to identify transformed plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-30 01:16:33'),
(109, 166, '<p>Maize line 4114 was produced by&nbsp;Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with plasmid PHP27118 containing the&nbsp;<em>cry1F</em>, <em>cry34Ab1</em>, <em>cry35Ab1</em>,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>pat</em>&nbsp;gene expression cassettes. These gene expression cassettes are exactly the same as used in the production of 1507 maize (<em>cry1F</em>, <em>pat</em>) and 59122 maize (<em>cry34Ab1</em>, <em>cry35Ab1</em>, <em>pat</em>). The first cassette contains a truncated version of the&nbsp;<em>cry1F</em>&nbsp;gene from&nbsp;<em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>&nbsp;var.&nbsp;<em>aizawai</em>. Transcriptional control is provided by the maize polyubiquitin promoter, resulting in constitutive expression of the Cry1F protein in maize. This region also includes the 5&#39; untranslated region (UTR) and intron associated with the native polyubiquitin promoter. The terminator for the&nbsp;<em>cry1F</em>&nbsp;gene is the polyadenylation signal from open reading frame 25 (ORF25) of the&nbsp;<em>A. tumefaciens</em>&nbsp;Ti plasmid pTi15955.<br>The second cassette contains the&nbsp;cry34Ab1&nbsp;gene isolated from&nbsp;B. thuringiensis&nbsp;strain PS149B1. The expression of the&nbsp;cry34Ab1&nbsp;gene is controlled by a second copy of the maize polyubiquitin promoter with 5&#39; UTR and intron. The terminator for the&nbsp;cry34Ab1gene is the 3&rsquo; terminator sequence from the proteinase inhibitor II gene (pinIIterminator) of&nbsp;Solanum tuberosum.<br>The third gene cassette contains the&nbsp;cry35Ab1&nbsp;gene, also isolated from&nbsp;B. thuringiensisstrain PS149B1. The expression of the&nbsp;cry35Ab1&nbsp;gene is controlled by the&nbsp;Triticum aestivum&nbsp;(wheat) peroxidase promoter and leader sequence. The terminator for thecry35Ab1&nbsp;gene is a second copy of the&nbsp;pinII&nbsp;terminator.<br>The fourth and final gene cassette contains a version of the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (pat) gene from&nbsp;Streptomyces viridochromogenes&nbsp;that has been optimized for expression in plants. Expression of the&nbsp;pat&nbsp;gene is controlled by the promoter and terminator regions from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript.</p><br>', 'Enabled', '2013-08-09 12:49:40', '2013-08-23 00:19:19'),
(113, 99, '', 'Enabled', '2013-08-29 19:05:09', '2013-08-29 19:05:09'),
(114, 107, '', 'Enabled', '2013-08-30 16:46:53', '2013-08-30 16:46:53'),
(115, 108, '', 'Enabled', '2013-09-02 13:10:02', '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(116, 119, '', 'Enabled', '2013-09-02 13:41:41', '2013-09-02 13:41:41'),
(117, 11, '', 'Enabled', '2013-09-03 11:25:26', '2013-09-03 11:25:26'),
(119, 169, '', 'Enabled', '2013-09-26 12:43:36', '2013-09-26 12:43:36');



-- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_properties` (`id`, `eventId`, `description`, `status`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 16, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Inserted DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot experiments confirmed the presence of a single copy the <i>cry1ab</i> and <i>pat</i> genes in BT11 maize lines and the absence of the beta-lactamase encoding <i>bla</i> gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The stability of the inserted DNA in BT11 maize was demonstrated by a Mendelian inheritance pattern using Southern blot analysis. Segregation analysis of the <i>cry1Ab</i> and <i>pat</i> genes over multiple generations demonstrated that they were closely linked, as they always segregated together. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping was used to determine the location of the novel genes in BT11. The single insertion site was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 8.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression levels of both the Cry1Ab protein and the PAT enzyme were determined in the leaves and kernels of transgenic corn. Accounting for extraction efficiencies, the amount of expressed Cry1Ab protein was found to range between 15 &ndash; 29 &micro;g/g fresh weight for mature and young leaves, respectively, and 3.7 or 4.76 &micro;g/g fresh tissue for heterozygous or homozygous kernels. The PAT enzyme was detected at levels of 38.6 &ndash; 49.4 ng/g fresh weight of leaf tissue, but not in roots, pollen or kernels. However, enzyme activity analysis indicated that PAT was expressed in all tissues throughout the plant. No significant differences were observed between hybrids derived using original elite lines and the selected BT11 line for the agronomic traits of yield, moisture at harvest, root lodging rating, ear height, plant height, heat units to silking or pollen shed. Other than resistance to ECB and tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of BT11 corn were comparable to non-transgenic lines of corn.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:05:11'),
(2, 9, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of MON810 genomic DNA indicated the incorporation of a single copy of the truncated <i>cry1Ab</i> gene, together with the enhanced CaMV 35S (E35S) promoter and hsp70 leader sequences. The NOS 3&#39; termination signal, present in plasmid PV-ZMBK07, was not integrated into the host genome but was lost through a 3&#39; truncation of the gene cassette. The native Cry1Ab protein (HD-1) has a molecular weight of 131 kD while the inserted, plant expressed <i>cry1Ab</i> gene codes for a truncated protein with a molecular weight of 91 kD, as confirmed by Western blot analysis of MON810 tissue extracts. Evidence was provided that no plasmid backbone sequences from the plasmid PV-ZMGT10 were integrated into the MON810 genome. Further Southern blot analysis indicated that the genes for glyphosate tolerance (CP4 EPSPS) and antibiotic resistance (<i>neo</i>) were not transferred to line MON 810 and the absence of the CP4 EPSPS and <i>gox</i> gene products was also confirmed by Western blotting. The CP4 EPSPS and GOX protein encoding genes were presumed to have been inserted into the initial transformant at a separate genetic loci from the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene and then subsequently lost through segregation during the crossing events leading to line MON810.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Segregation and stability data were consistent with a single site of insertion of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene into the MON810 genome. The stability of the insertion was demonstrated through multiple generations of crossing. MON810 was derived from the third generation of backcrossing and stable integration of the single insert was demonstrated through all three generations by Southern Blot analysis.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The synthetic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was linked to a strong constitutive promoter and modified for maximum expression in corn. The amino acid sequence of the toxin expressed in the modified corn was found to be identical to that occurring naturally, and equivalent to that produced for use as the biopesticide that is widely used by the organic food industry. Average protein expression, as measured in samples obtained from field trials at six locations, was 9.35 &micro;g/g (fresh weight) in leaves and 0.31 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in seeds. The concentration of expressed toxin, as determined from a single sample obtained from one site, was 4.15 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in the whole plant and 0.09 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in pollen. Protein expression ranged from 7.93 to 10.34 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in leaves, from 0.19 to 0.39 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in grain, and from 3.65 to 4.65 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in the whole plant. Protein expression declined over the growing season as indicated by the Cry1Ab protein concentrations in leaves assayed over the growing season. The Cry1Ab protein was shown to degrade readily in the environment. The plant expressed protein had DT50 and DT90 values (time to degrade to 50% and 90 % of the original bioactivity) of 2 and 15 days respectively.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(3, 25, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>cry1Ab</i> gene, bar gene (used as a selectable marker and for herbicide tolerance) and a selectable marker for ampicillin resistance, beta-lactamase (bla) gene, were introduced into the maize chromosomes of Event 176.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The synthetic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene has approximately 65% homology at the nucleotide level with the native gene. The truncated Cry1Ab protein contains the insecticidal region of the native Cry1Ab as demonstrated by western blot analyses where similar bands were displayed at approximately 65 kDa for Event 176-expressed Cry1Ab and the native protein. Three additional immunoreactive proteins weighing approximately 60, 40 and 36 kDa were detected in the leaves of Event 176, but not in the pollen. It was suggested that these may represent breakdown products resulting from intrinsic proteolysis within the leaf tissue. Southern blot analysis indicated that there may be two or more copies of each plasmid integrated into the genome of Event 176. Southern blot analysis also confirmed the presence of the bar gene in all plant tissues.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Segregation and stability data demonstrated that the <i>cry1Ab</i> and <i>bar</i> genes were tightly linked and stably inherited into the genome of Event 176 maize. The production of Cry1Ab and PAT proteins, in leaves and pollen of greenhouse-grown plants was determined to be stable over four successive backcross generations. Segregation analyses indicated that the resistance to ECB and herbicide tolerance traits co-segregate as linked Mendelian traits. A study of 3240 plants indicated that only five plants (0.15%) were identified as being tolerant to glufosinate ammonium but susceptible to damage by ECB larvae.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Event 176 was transformed with two synthetic <i>cry1Ab</i> genes; one gene is linked to a specific promoter which confers expression in green tissue, while the other is linked to a pollen-specific promoter, resulting in expression in pollen. Expression of the Cry1Ab protein in green tissues was intended to render the plant resistant to first generation ECB larvae feeding on leaves while expression in pollen was intended to target second generation ECB larvae, which are known to feed on pollen. The glufosinate ammonium tolerance gene (<i>bar</i> gene) is linked to a constitutive promoter active in all plant tissues except pollen.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Cry1Ab production was quantified in leaves, pollen, roots and kernels among three genotypes. Expression in leaves, across genotypes, ranged from 0.596 to 1.159 &micro;g/g (fresh weight) in seedlings, 0.530 to 3.029 &micro;g/g (f.w.) at anthesis, 0.442 to 0.471 &micro;g/g (f.w.) at physiological maturity, and 0.066 to 0.225 &micro;g/g (f.w.) at senescence. Maximum expression in leaves was detected at either the vegetative or anthesis stages, depending on the genotype tested, and expression in all genotypes declined as plants senesced. Expression in pollen, across genotypes, ranged from 1.137 to 2.348 &micro;g/g (f.w.). Expression of Cry1Ab in roots ( 0.008 &micro;g/g f.w.), pith (While Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the bar gene in all plant tissues, expressed PAT protein was undetectable in leaves, pollen, roots or kernels of transgenic maize at a detection threshold of 0.2 ppm. The hydroxamic acid, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2(4H)-one (DIMBOA) is the only putative endogenous toxin from maize and postulated to play a protective role against specific fungal and bacterial pathogens as well as insect pests. The levels of DIMBOA are normally highest in the leaf tissue of young plants and absent in kernels. The measured concentrations of DIMBOA in leaf tissue from transgenic 176 maize and untransformed control plants grown under identical conditions were statistically identical.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">An ampicillin resistance gene (<i>bla</i> gene), regulated by a bacterial promoter, also present in the vectors used to transform Event 176, was not expressed in either leaf tissue or pollen as confirmed by assays and Northern blot analysis. Other regulatory DNA elements inserted to enhance expression levels of <i>cry1Ab</i> did not code for any other protein.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:29:46'),
(4, 49, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>cry9C</i> gene was synthesized with plant preferred codons before it was stably inserted into maize plants to produce a truncated and modified Cry9C protein. The CBH-351 expressed Cry9C protein was similar to the trypsin-resistant core protein produced by B. thuringiensis, with the exception of a single amino acid substitution in the internal sequence and the addition of two extra amino acids to the N-terminus.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The modifications that have been introduced into the Cry9C protein expressed in CBH-351 maize, as compared to the wild type 129.8 kDa Cry9C protoxin include the following:</p>\n\n<ol>\n	<li style="text-align: justify;">C-terminal truncation that removes all the amino acids (aa) following position 666 of the wild type protoxin just after the conserved sequence block 5 shared by certain Lepidoperta-active Bt Cry proteins;</li>\n	<li style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;N-terminal truncation that removes the first 43 aa at the point corresponding to the N-terminus of the 68.7 kDa fragment of the wild type toxin produced by initial trypsin-digestion, and the subsequent N-terminal addition of the amino acids methionine and alanine;</li>\n	<li style="text-align: justify;">Replacement of arginine by lysine at position 123 in the plant encoded protein which reduces the susceptibility of the protein to trypsin cleavage to a non-toxic 55 kDa fragment.</li>\n</ol>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">These modifications did not appear to affect the insecticidal activity of the Cry9C protein against the primary targeted insect, European corn borer (ECB), <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Molecular and biochemical analyses presented for maize line CBH-351 demonstrated that the number of insertion sites, copy number, and expression level were stably inherited.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:10:05'),
(5, 7, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Introduced DNA</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Analysis of the DNA introduced into the DBT418 genome indicated integration of two intact copies of the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene, one intact copy of the <i>bar</i> gene and one rearranged copy of the <i>bar</i> gene. The incorporation of the <i>pinII</i> gene was incomplete due to rearrangements during or following the transformation process. There are four intact and one partial copy of the beta-lactamase (<i>bla</i>) gene and four intact copies of the <i>ColE1</i> origin of replication. The beta lactamase gene was not expressed and the <i>pinII</i> gene was non-functional and therefore not expressed.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The synthetic <i>cry1Ac</i> gene introduced into line DBT418 encoded the N-terminal 613 amino acids of the native Cry1Ac protein and was modified to reflect plant preferred codon frequencies in order to maximize translation in maize cells. The gene codes for a 66 kDa protein of similar molecular weight to the protein tryptic core fragment of the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. kurstaki HD-73 insecticidal crystal Cry1Ac protein.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression of Cry1Ac and PAT proteins was demonstrated to be consistent across several generations in several different genetic backgrounds.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the Cry1Ac protein and PAT occured in most, but not all, tissues of the maize plant with levels highest in leaves, and lower levels in roots, prop roots, stalk, tassel, cob, husk, and kernels. No Cry1Ac or PAT proteins were detected in silk or pollen.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Average protein expression of Cry1Ac in various tissues were as follows: harvested leaves ranged from 459.6 to 1194.4 ng Cry1Ac per gram tissue (dry weight); harvested kernels ranged from 36.0 to 42.8 ng Cry1Ac per gram tissue (d.w); harvested roots ranged from 58.0 to 125.4 ng Cry1Ac per gram tissue (d.w.); harvested stalks ranged from 40.9 to 123.6 ng Cry1Ac per gram tissue (d.w.).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expressed PAT enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post transcriptional modifications. The amino terminal sequence of PAT derived from DBT418 was determined to be the same as the native protein.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Average protein expression of PAT in various tissues, sampled at the pollen stage (except kernels), were as follows: leaves ranged from 501.8 to 1099.4 &micro;g PAT per g tissue (d.w.); stalks ranged from 66 to 77 &micro;g PAT per g tissue (d.w.),roots ranged from 27.5 to 69.5 &micro;g PAT per g tissue (d.w.), and kernels ranged from 3.1 to 6.0 &micro;g PAT per g tissue (d.w.).</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:29'),
(6, 6, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Molecular analyses showed that maize lines T14 and T25 contained 3 and 1 copies, respectively, of the <i>pat</i> gene. Further analyses demonstrated that neither T14 nor T25 possessed a complete sequence of the antibiotic resistance encoding <i>bla</i> gene. Northern blot analyses showed that maize lines derived from T14 and T25 did not produce mRNA from the disrupted <i>bla</i> gene, nor did they produce beta-lactamase, the enzyme encoded by the <i>bla</i> gene. Additionally, the <i>bla</i> gene would not have been expected to be functional in the modified maize lines, as it did not have the necessary regulatory sequences for expression in plants.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The integration of the transferred DNA, into events T14 and T25, was demonstrated to be stable by segregation analysis. The data provided demonstrated the integration of one and three copies of the <i>pat</i> gene in transformation events T25 and T14, respectively. Commercial maize lines containing the transformation events are several generations removed from the two original transformation events, further demonstrating the stable inheritance of the herbicide resistant trait.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The only newly expressed protein in T14- and T25-derived plants was the PAT protein. The <i>pat</i> gene was linked to a constitutive promoter, and protein expression was detected in plant tissues, grain and silage. Expression of the <i>pat</i> gene in T14 and T25 resulted in the production of PAT protein in maize tissues at low levels (&lt; 0.003% (w/w) of total crude protein). The PAT enzyme was not detected in protein extracts from the pollen.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:57:59'),
(7, 1, '<!-- Generated by XStandard version 3.0.0.0 on 2012-10-23T14:40:19 -->\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b><br />\nSouthern blot analysis of genomic DNA from GA21 demonstrated the integration at a single site on an 18.5 kb DNA restriction fragment containing three complete copies in tandem of the plasmid fragment used in the transformation, plus three incomplete copies. The copy at the 5&#39; end of the insert was shown to include the a partial rice actin promoter and a full length mEPSPS encoding gene with the NOS 3&#39; untranslated region. Following the three complete copies is a full length rice actin promoter element followed by a partial mEPSPS coding sequence. A rice actin promoter element is located at the 3&#39; end of the insert. Transcription of the intact mEPSPS encoding gene(s) was determined by Northern blot analysis of mRNA isolated from GA21.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Because the 3&#39;-terminal region of the inserted DNA was truncated after a rice actin promoter, there was the potential of creating a chimeric open reading frame (ORF) that included plant DNA sequences. Based on DNA sequence data, two putative overlapping open reading frames, ORF-1 (97 amino acids) and ORF-2 (19 amino acids) were identified. However, Northern blot analysis using poly (A+) RNA prepared from leaf tissue of maize line GA21, probed with maize genomic DNA sequence flanking the insert, demonstrated that there was no detectable RNA transcript of this region.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b><br />\nThe stability of the inserted DNA was assessed from Southern blots of genomic DNA obtained from 5 generations of progeny from successive backcrossing of the transgenic line. The introduced trait segregated as a single locus according to Mendelian rules of inheritance.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The deduced amino acid sequence of the mEPSPS (445 amino acids) was 99.3% identical to that of the wild-type enzyme from maize. Western blot analysis of GA21 tissue extracts confirmed the expression of a 47.4 kDa protein, which was the size predicted for full-length mEPSPS protein and also corresponded to the size of this protein when expressed in bacterial cells transformed with a plasmid containing the mEPSPS encoding gene.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression of the mEPSPS gene was quantitated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of samples of forage and grain from plants at 5 field locations. Pooled grain samples from 9-16 ears were analyzed. The mEPSPS protein was expressed in all tissues of the modified plant (roots, stem, leaves and pollen). Levels of mEPSPS protein in grain averaged 3.2 1.7 ?/ fresh weight (fwt). Expression of the wild-type EPSPS in grain was undetectable at all sites. Expression of mEPSPS protein in forage (entire plant minus the roots) averaged 118.7 ?/g fwt, ranging from 46.6-210.4 ?/g fwt. In forage, the wild type EPSPS was detected at 4 out of 5 sites but not at levels high enough to quantify.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Studies to evaluate the activity of the mEPSPS and potential toxicity were performed on the bacterial expressed form of the enzyme. <i>Escherichia coli</i> were transformed with a plasmid containing the same mEPSPS encoding gene that was introduced into GA21 maize. Bridging data on immunological cross-reactivity and physiochemical properties were provided to demonstrate equivalence between the bacterial and plant expressed forms of the mEPSPS enzyme. Enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity analysis demonstrated that the bacterial expressed mEPSPS had the same substrate specificity as the wild-type maize enzyme.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:34:20'),
(8, 51, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Maize line MON80100 has been field tested since 1992 in the major maize growing regions of the United States. Southern Blot analysis of genomic DNA from 5 generations of backcrosses of the MON80100 line to the B73 parental line and 4 generations of crosses to an unrelated inbred line confirmed stable inheritance of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene. Southern blot and segregation analyses indicated that the introduced genes were stably integrated into the maize genome and followed Mendelian rules of inheritance.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The synthetic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was linked to a strong constitutive promoter and modified for maximum expression in maize. The endotoxin expressed in the modified maize line MON80100 was found to be identical to that occurring naturally, and equivalent to the active ingredient in microbial formulations of B.t.k. spray. The expression levels of Cry1Ab protein, CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase were determined in the leaves, kernels and pollen of transgenic maize. In leaves and kernels, the amounts of Cry1Ab and CP4 EPSPS were to be 1.3 or 0.57 &Acirc;&micro;g/g leaf fresh weight and 1.85 or 4.11 &Acirc;&micro;g/g kernel fresh weight, respectively. There were no detectable amounts of Cry1Ab protein in the pollen from transgenic MON80100 maize. Also, glyphosate oxidoreductase and NPTII were not detected in either leaves or kernels from MON80100 maize.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:13:50'),
(9, 12, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of MON809 genomic DNA indicated one integrated DNA segment, of approximately 23Kb DNA, which included a complete and a partial copy of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene, two complete copies of the CP4 EPSPS encoding gene, a partial <i>gox</i> gene and the NPT II encoding antibiotic resistance marker gene. Additional Southern blot analyses were performed to demonstrate that additional plasmid backbone DNA sequences from PV-ZMBK07 were not integrated into the host genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Segregation analysis over five generations of crossing indicated that the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene was stably integrated and segregated according to Mendelian rules of inheritance.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Western blot analysis of protein extracts from MON809 demonstrated the presence of an immunoreactive protein of the predicted size. Lower molecular weight species corresponding to the predicted size of the truncated cry1Ab gene were not detected, indicating that this partial gene sequence is not expressed. The expression of Cry1Ab protein was evaluated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of tissue samples obtained from plants grown at 6 locations. The average levels of expressed Cry1Ab protein were: 1.63 &plusmn; 0.75 &micro;g/g fresh weight (fwt) in leaves, 0.55 &plusmn; 0.23 &micro;g/g fwt in grain and 1.23 &plusmn; 0.5 &micro;g/g fwt in the whole plant. Cry1Ab protein was not detected in pollen and the levels expressed in leaves declined over the growing season. Similarly, CP4 EPSPS gene activity, used as a selectable marker conferring tolerance to glyphosate, was quantified by testing for EPSPS protein levels and averaged results were as follows: 21.68 &micro;g/g fwt in leaves, 9.41 &micro;g/g fwt in grain and 1.6 &micro;g/g fwt in the whole plant. Data were provided showing that the level of expression of CP4 EPSPS was too low to confer significant glyphosate resistance in the field. Expression of the second gyphosate tolerance gene, <i>gox</i>, which encodes the enzyme glyphosate oxidase, could not be detected by Western blot analysis. The Cry1Ab protein was shown to degrade readily in the environment. The plant expressed protein had DT50 and DT90 values (time to degrade to 50% and 90 % of the original bioactivity) of 2 and 15 days respectively.</p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 21:55:53'),
(10, 72, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from MON832 confirmed that sequences from plasmid PV-ZMBK07, containing the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene, were not incorporated but that the CP4 EPSPS encoding sequences along with three copies of the <i>gox</i> gene and two NPTII/ori-pUC sequences (one complete and one rearranged) were integrated as a single 16 kb insert.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Segregation and stability data were consistent with a single site of insertion into the genomic DNA of line MON832.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The CP4 EPSPS and GOX enzymes were constitutively expressed in tissues throughout the plant and at all plant growth stages. Enzyme linked immunosorben assay (ELISA) was used to quantitate the expression levels of CP4 EPSPS and GOX in the leaves, forage, and kernels of plants grown in field trials. Average amounts were as follows: in leaves 49.61 EPSPS &micro;g/g fresh weight (fwt) and 4.92 GOX &micro;g/g fwt; in forage 21.32 EPSPS &micro;g/g fwt and 3.32 GOX &micro;g/g fwt; and in kernels 5.83 EPSPS &micro;g/g fwt and 1.97 GOX &micro;g/g fwt.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Western immunoblot analysis was used to confirm that NPT II was not detectable in MON832, which was predicted since expression of the <i>neo</i> gene was regulated by a bacterial promoter known not to be active in plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:42:56'),
(11, 5, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Analysis of MON802 genomic DNA by Southern blotting indicated that there were two sites of integration of the introduced DNA, with the first site containing a single full length copy of the <i>cry1Ab</i>, CP4 EPSPS, and <i>neo</i> genes, two full length copies of the <i>gox</i> gene, and two partial copies of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene. The second site contained only the <i>gox</i> and <i>neo</i> gene sequences.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Data from successive generations of backcrosses indicated that both sites of integration segregated as a single locus and according to the rules of Mendelian inheritance.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The traits have remained stable for six generations as shown by assays for Cry1Ab, and herbicide tolerance.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression of the Cry1Ab protein was quantitated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of tissue samples obtained from plants grown at a number of field trial locations. The average Cry1Ab concentrations were: 9.55 &micro;g/g fresh weight (fwt) from leaf tissue (6 locations); 1.35 &micro;g/g fwt from whole plant matter (2 locations); and 3.2 &micro;g/g fwt from grain (6 locations).</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Similarly, expressed CP4 EPSPS protein concentrations were: 26.99 &micro;g/g fwt from leaf tissue; 1.85 &micro;g/g fwt from whole plant tissue; and 2.27 &micro;g/g fwt from grain. The average concentrations of GOX protein were: 10.18 &micro;g/g fwt from leaf tissue; 1.68 &micro;g/g fwt from whole plant tissue; and undetectable in grain.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The Cry1Ab protein was shown to degrade readily in the environment. The plant expressed protein had DT50 and DT90 values (time to degrade to 50% and 90% of the original bioactivity) of 1.6 and 15 days respectively.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 20:41:40'),
(12, 23, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot and PCR analysis were used to demonstrate that there was a single DNA insertion in line GT73 consisting of the T-DNA containing one complete copy of the CP4 EPSPS gene and a complete copy of the <i>gox</i> gene and their respective regulatory sequences.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The CP4 EPSPS gene encodes a protein of 47.6 KDa consisting of a single polypeptide of 455 amino acids. It was determined that once translocated to the chloroplast, the chloroplast transit signal sequence was cleaved and rapidly degraded <i>in vivo</i> leaving only the only newly expressed CP4 EPSPS.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>gox</i> gene encodes a single polypeptide of 431 amino acids with a molecular mass of 46.1 KDa. Nucleotide sequencing comparing the <i>gox</i> variant protein with normal version determined that <i>goxv247</i> differs by three amino acid substitutions and the two proteins were greater than 99% identical.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of inserted DNA from the third generation and fifth generation demonstrated that the CP4 EPSPS and <i>gox</i> genes were stably transferred into the plant genome and stably inherited from parent to offspring over several generations.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The insertion site was characterized by backcrossing studies. <i>B. napus</i> is an amphidiploid composed of two genomes <i>B. rapa/B. oleracea</i>. Backcrossing studies with <i>B. rapa</i> were successful and suggested that the genetic insert was integrated within the <i>B. rapa</i> portion of the genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material </b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression of both CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase was detected in the leaves and seeds of transgenic GT73 canola. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of seed and leaf tissue demonstrated that the introduced proteins were expressed in GT73 at very low levels, constituting less than 0.02% of the seed on a fresh weight basis. No detectable CP4 EPSPS or GOX protein was measured in non-transgenic control &#39;Westar&#39; seed or leaf tissue from any year. In line GT73, expression of both CP4 EPSPS and GOX proteins in the seed was stable when observed in different trials. Levels of CP4 EPSPS ranged from 18 - 34 &micro;g/g fresh weight and levels of GOX protein ranged from 108 - 193 &micro;g/g fresh weight.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:26:48'),
(13, 13, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from MS3 demonstrated the integration of three copies of the DNA insert containing the barnase and <i>bar</i> genes at a single insertion site.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The stability of the inserted DNA in the maize line MS3 was evaluated by segregation analyses over at least 6 generations demonstrating that the introduced trait segregated as a single dominant genetic locus and followed Mendelian rules of inheritance.hat showed over several generations. Comparisons between the original transgenic plant and plants from the fourth and sixth generations showed no differences in the gene integration pattern.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The barnase RNAse was detected only in early stages of development of the tapetum cell layer of anthers. It was not detected in the other plant tissues tested: leaves, immature kernels, roots, dry and germinating seeds.<br />\nExpression levels of PAT were estimated through the quantification of RNA transcripts: 0.05 pg/&micro;g of RNA was found in leaves and immature kernels, while none was detected in roots, dry and germinating seeds. A spectrophotometric assay showed no evidence for the presence of PAT in MS3 kernels.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 21:59:12'),
(14, 27, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from lines MS8 and RF3 demonstrated that each line contained a single site of insertion for the T-DNA. The barnase and <i>bar</i> genes were integrated into MS8 and similarly, the barstar and <i>bar</i> genes were integrated in RF3.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Further characterization of MS8 revealed that the inserted T-DNA was arranged in an inverted repeat structure with a second, incomplete T-DNA copy. The incomplete copy included a functional part of promoter PTA29, the coding region of barstar, the 3&acute;<i>nos</i> and a non-functional part of promoter PSsuAra.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The insertion site of each line was well characterized. <i>Brassica napus</i> is an amphidiploid composed of two genomes <i>B. rapa/B. oleracea</i>. In line MS8 the insertion site was located in the <i>B. rapa</i> portion of the genome, while in line RF3 the insertion site was located in the <i>B. oleracea</i> portion of the genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Based on Southern blots and detailed PCR analyses it was confirmed that no sequences outside of the T-DNA region from plasmids pTHW107 or pTHW118 were integrated into the plant genome. There were no marker genes for antibiotic resistance present in the transformed plants.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Based on phenotypic and molecular techniques it was shown that the genes were stable and followed standard Mendelian inheritance. Segregation analysis demonstrated that in both transformation events the DNA was integrated at a single dominant locus.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">MS8 and RF3 are several generations removed from the original transformants. Comparisons to the original transformants demonstrated the novel traits were stably inserted and stably inherited into lines MS8 and RF3.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material </b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Transgene expression and cryptic expression were addressed using Northern blot techniques. The PAT protein activity (the product of the <i>bar</i> gene that confers tolerance to herbicide) was detected in line MS8 in leaves and flower buds but not in dry seeds. In line RF3, PAT protein was detected in leaves and flower buds but not in dry seeds or pollen.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:34:11'),
(15, 50, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analyses of genomic DNA from each of the male-sterile lines confirmed that all of the lines contained one complete copy of <i>dam</i> and <i>pat</i> at a single insertion site. In addition, each line contained partial and/or rearranged copies of either the <i>pat</i> or <i>dam</i> genes. For example, line 676 contained a second <i>pat</i> gene at a separate insertion site; line 678 contained two additional copies of <i>dam</i> and one additional partial copy of <i>pat</i>; and line 680 contained three additional partial copies of <i>dam</i>. Similar analyses were also used to verify that, as predicted, the antibiotic resistance marker gene (<i>bla</i>) was not incorporated into any of the male-sterile lines.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Genetic analysis of maize lines 676, 678, 680 demonstrated that the <i>pat</i> and <i>dam</i> genes segregated as a single genetic locus according to Mendelian rules of inheritance.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The production of <i>dam</i>-specific mRNA in each of these lines was tested by Northern blot analysis, and detectable amounts were found only in anther tissue (tetrad release stage) obtained from line 678. The inability to detect <i>dam</i> mRNA in similar tissue from the other two lines was attributed to the fact that the expressed DAM enzyme results in cell ablation and destruction.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The levels of PAT protein expression were determined in grain and leaf tissue from each line and found to range between 204-278 &micro;g/g total protein and 601-717 &micro;g/g total protein in leaf tissue from lines 676 and 678, respectively. Concentrations of PAT were below the limit of detection (20 &micro;g/g total protein) in both grain and leaf tissue from line 680. Grain from lines 676 and 678 contained low levels of PAT protein, ranging from undetectable to 19.2 &micro;g/g total protein and 14.8 &micro;g/g total protein, respectively.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:12:32'),
(16, 17, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The novel herbicide tolerant trait introduced into the maize hybrid DK404SR was achieved through a somaclonal mutation within the maize genome. There was no new genetic material introduced into the maize hybrid DK404SR as a result of the modification.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Expression of the herbicide tolerance trait was consistently displayed by DK404SR plants that were at least six generations away from the original S2 line.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The sethoxydim tolerance trait was inherited as a single partially dominant allele, as determined from the original mutant S2 line in which regenerated S2 plants were heterozygous for the mutant allele. The heterozygous progeny expressed herbicide tolerance at lower levels compared to homozygous plants.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The activity of the ACCase enzyme in unmodified maize and homozygous seedlings derived from the S2 line was shown to be similar in the absence of sethoxydim herbicide. Application of sethoxydim herbicide inhibited the activity of ACCase by 50% in modified maize plants when applied at a concentration 100 fold higher than the sethoxydim concentration required to achieve a similar level of inhibition of ACCase activity in unmodified maize plants.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:08:36'),
(17, 48, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from DLL25 demonstrated that the <i>bar</i> gene was integrated at a single site of insertion into maize line DLL25. Further analysis demonstrated that DLL25 contained a partially integrated antiobiotic resistant marker (<i>bla</i> gene), which was not expressed.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Segregation analysis over twelve generations indicated that the introduced <i>bar</i> gene was stably inherited and that it segregated as a single locus, consistent with the Southern blot data demonstrating a single site of insertion. Stability of expression was demonstrated to be consistent across several hybrids derived from DLL25, across several generations.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The only newly expressed protein in DLL25 is PAT protein, which was expressed in leaves, roots, stalk, tassel, cob, husk, kernels, silk and pollen. Highest levels were found in leaves (1.0 - 4.6 &micro;g/g fresh weight tissue, corresponding to 0.1 - 0.46% of total soluble protein), and no PAT protein was detected in either silks, pollen or mature seeds.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 23:07:49'),
(18, 18, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot and segregation analysis of the genomic DNA from the original transformation event 23 indicated the presence of at least 15 copies of the bay TE gene, inserted at five independent loci.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Lines 23-198 and 23-18-17 were several generations removed from the original transformant 23 and comparisons of the original transformant with third-generation material showed that the introduced genes were stably inserted and stably inherited. It was anticipated that due to the high copy number of the bay TE gene, some copies would segregate out and that the lines may not be homogeneous for the number of copies present.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\r\n\r\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The bay TE gene is linked to a seed specific promoter limiting expression to developing seed embryos. The bay TE gene encodes a 382 amino acid long preprotein that is transported to the stroma of plastids where a 60 amino acid transit peptide is removed to produce the mature Bay TE enzyme. Using Western blot analysis, the expression of Bay TE was monitored over the seed maturation process and was detectable only in seeds samples at mid-maturity at a level of 0.015% of the total protein. Dry seeds and any other plant parts have immunologically undetectable levels of the enzyme. The NTPII encoding gene was linked to a strong constitutive promoter and expression of the protein was detected in seeds and other tissues of transgenic canola. Its presence was judged to be insignificant with respect to any human health risk.</p>\r\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-09-03 13:39:25'),
(19, 22, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The synthetic <i>pat</i> gene was modified to provide codons preferred by plants without changing the amino acid sequence of the PAT enzyme. The PAT protein under study was found to have a similar molecular weight to the bacterial PAT protein.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analyses indicated that the DNA was integrated in the original transformant at one insertion site and the insertion contained 2 linked copies of the <i>pat</i> gene. Additional Southern blot analyses were performed to demonstrate that plasmid backbone sequences outside of the T-DNA region were not incorporated into the host genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">HCN92 was several generations removed from the original transformant and comparisons between the original transgenic plant (Topas19/2) and HCN92 showed no differences in the presence and expression of the <i>pat</i> and <i>neo</i> genes, nor in the insertion site.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Constitutive expression of the PAT protein was detected in roots, leaves, buds and seeds. Seed expression levels ranged from 150 to 223 ng/g of seed tissue. PAT protein was not detected in stem tissue, protein extracts from the pollen, or unprocessed honey. Maximum expression was 0.001% of total plant protein.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The <i>neo</i> gene was linked to a weak constitutive promoter, and expression was consistently stronger in root tissue, but was also observed in buds, leaves, and crude seed samples. The enzyme was not detected in unprocessed honey or pollen samples and was inactivated during processing of canola seed into feed ingredients.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:24:47'),
(20, 19, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from GT200 indicated the presence of a single site of insertion that contained one complete copy of the CP4 EPSPS gene and a complete copy of the <i>gox</i> gene and their respective regulatory sequences. The GOX protein introduced into canola line GT200 was shown to have a 99% similarity to the modified GOXv247 in transgenic line GT73. Both proteins are 46.1 KDa (there is a 17 Da difference) and differ by three amino acid substitutions.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">Segregation analysis and Southern blots were consistent with a single site of insertion of the CP4 EPSPS and <i>gox</i> genes into the GT200 genome. GT200 was several generations removed from the original transformant and a comparative analysis of third-generation material, using Southern blots and PCR analysis, determined that the introduced DNA was stably inserted and stably inherited of several generations.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The expression of both CP4 EPSPS and GOX was quantified in the leaves and seeds of canola line GT200. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determined average levels of CP4 EPSPS and GOX as follows: in seeds 31 &micro;g/g CP4 EPSPS (f.w.) and 105 &micro;g/g GOX (f.w); and in leaves 31 &micro;g/g CP4 EPSPS and 69 &micro;g/g GOX (f.w.)</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:14:46'),
(21, 32, '<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>The Introduced DNA</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">In order to demonstrate the stable integration of the pat gene in T45 and its progeny, the genomic DNA from three different generations of event T45 (F5, F7 and R2) was analyzed by Southern blot. These analyses indicated that the original transformant (T45) contained a single copy of the <i>pat</i> gene integrated at a single site. Additional analyses to indentify the possible incorporation of plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region were negative, indicating that the T-DNA was the only new DNA inserted into the host genome.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Genetic Stability of the Introduced Trait</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">HCN28 was at least four generations removed from the original transformant (T45) during which time the presence and expression of the <i>pat</i> gene remained stable.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Expressed Material</b></p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The only newly expressed material in T45 was the PAT protein. The identity and levels of expression of PAT enzyme were determined using a double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA performed on total protein extracts obtained from seeds of transgenic T45 plants. Concentrations of PAT protein in canola seeds ranged from 95 to 246 ng/g of seed tissue.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">The levels of PAT protein detected by DAS-ELISA were highest in the untoasted canola meal, up to 38 &micro;g/g protein. The presence of the PAT protein was expected in the meal due to the use of a constitutive promoter (CaMV 35S), which drives PAT expression throughout the plant, but only minimally in pollen. The untoasted canola meal showed detectable enzymatic activity. After the meal was toasted, all activity was destroyed indicating that the enzyme was denatured during the first stages of processing. Levels of PAT protein detected in toasted canola meal were much lower than those in untoasted meal, and ranged from 2-5 &micro;g/g of canola meal. This reduction is likely due to a decrease in antibody reactivity as a result of PAT protein denaturation due to the meal toasting process where temperatures in excess of 90&deg;C are encountered.</p>\n\n<p style="text-align: justify;">PAT protein was not detected in crude oil from the non-transgenic control, but was detected at a low level in crude oil samples from transgenic samples. Amounts detected ranged from 0.296 to 0.460 ng/g, well below the validated limit of quantitation of 250 ng/g. The PAT protein was not detected by DAS-ELISA in any of the refined oils obtained from transgenic or non-transgenic sources, and there were no detectable levels of PPT-acetyltransferase activity. Refined canola oil generally contains no protein of any kind.</p>\n', 'Enabled', NULL, '2013-08-29 22:46:45');
