
-- --------------------------------------------------------

TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_traits`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_hosts`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_companies`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_varieties`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_usages`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_countries`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_tims`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_donors`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_countries_authorities`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_descriptions`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_companies`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_esafeties`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_fsafeties`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_execsummaries`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_introductions`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_modifications`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_properties`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_authorizations`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_links`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_documents`;
TRUNCATE `gmcropdatabase_events_genes`;

-- --------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_companies` (`id`, `countryId`, `code`, `name`, `address1`, `address2`, `city`, `state`, `zip`, `telephone`, `facsimile`, `contact`, `email`, `web`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 0, 'MONC', 'Monsanto Company', 'Chesterfield Village Research Center (MO)', '700 Chesterfield Parkway North', 'St. Louis', 'MO', '63198', '314/694-1000', '', '', NULL, 'http://www.monsanto.com', NULL, NULL),
(2, 0, 'CYAN', 'Cyanamid Crop Protection', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(3, 0, 'ZENECA', 'Zeneca Seeds', '1800 Concord Pike', '', 'Wilmington', 'DE', '19897', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(4, 0, 'RPC', 'Rhône Poulenc Canada Inc.', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(5, 0, 'DEKAL', 'Dekalb Genetics Corporation', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(6, 0, 'SDCU', 'University of Saskatchewan, Crop Dev. Centre', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(7, 0, 'PHIB', 'Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.', '7100 NW 62nd Avenue', 'PO Box 1150', 'Johnston', 'IA', '50131', '', '', '', NULL, '', NULL, NULL),
(8, 0, 'BASF', 'BASF Inc.', 'Research and Development Center', '26 Davis Drive', 'Research Triangle Park', 'NC', '27709-3528', '(919) 547-2000', '(919) 547-2244', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(9, 0, 'CALG', 'Calgene Inc.', '1920 Fifth Street', '', 'Davis', 'CA', '95616', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(10, 0, 'CIBA-MYC', 'Ciba-Geigy Canada Ltd.; Mycogen Corporation', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(11, 0, 'MYC-PHB', 'Mycogen (c/o Dow AgroSciences); Pioneer (c/o Dupont)', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(12, 0, 'UPJ', 'Upjohn (USA); Seminis Vegetable Inc. (Canada)', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(13, 0, 'CORU', 'Cornell University', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(14, 0, 'DUP', 'DuPont Canada Agricultural Products', 'P.O. Box 2300', '', 'Mississauga', 'Ontario', 'L5M 2J4', '1-800-667-3925', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'http://www.dupont.ca/ag/', NULL, NULL),
(15, 0, 'ASG', 'Asgrow (USA); Seminis Vegetable Inc. (Canada)', 'NULL', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(16, 0, 'DNAP', 'DNA Plant Technology Corporation', '6701 San Pablo Avenue', '', 'Oakland', 'CA', '94608', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(17, 0, 'NOVMON', 'Novartis Seeds; Monsanto Company', '', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(18, 0, 'BJZ', 'Bejo Zaden BV', '', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(19, 0, 'AGT', 'Agritope Inc.', '', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(20, 0, 'FLORG', 'Florigene Pty Ltd.', '', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(21, 0, 'SEITA', 'Societe National d''Exploitation des Tabacs et Allumettes', '', '', '', '', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, NULL),
(22, 0, 'AAFC', 'Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(23, 0, 'AVENTIS', 'Aventis CropScience', 'P.O. Box 12014', '2 T.W. Alexander Drive', 'Research Triangle Park', 'NC', '27709', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'http://www.cropscience.aventis.com/', NULL, NULL),
(24, 0, 'SYNGENTA', 'Syngenta Seeds, Inc.', '7500 Olson Memorial Highway', NULL, 'Golden Valley', 'MN', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(25, 0, 'AVENTIS2', 'Aventis CropScience (formerly Plant Genetic Systems)', 'P.O. Box 12014', '2 T.W. Alexander Drive', 'Research Triangle Park', 'NC', '27709', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'http://www.cropscience.aventis.com/', NULL, NULL),
(26, 0, 'SYNGENTA2', 'Syngenta Seeds, Inc. (formerly Zeneca Seeds)', '', '', '', '', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(27, 0, 'AVENTIS3', 'Aventis CropScience (formerly Rhône Poulenc Inc.)', 'P.O. Box 12014', '2 T.W. Alexander Drive', 'Research Triangle Park', 'NC', '27709', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'http://www.cropscience.aventis.com/', NULL, NULL),
(28, 0, 'CALW', 'Cal West Seeds', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(29, 0, 'BTSD', 'Betaseed Inc.', '1788 Marschall Road', 'P.O. Box 195', 'Shakopee', 'MN', '55379', '952.445.8090', '952.496.0205', NULL, NULL, 'http://www.betaseed.com/', NULL, NULL),
(30, 0, 'DOW', 'DOW AgroSciences LLC', '9330 Zionsville Road', NULL, 'Indianapolis', 'IN', '46268', '317.337.3000', '800.905.7326', NULL, NULL, 'http://www.dowagro.com/homepage/index.htm', NULL, NULL),
(31, 0, 'BGA', 'Biogemma', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(32, 0, 'CNU', 'Cameron Nursery, LLC', 'P.O. Box 300', '1261 Ringold Road', 'Eltopia', 'WA', '99330', '(509) 266-4669', '(509) 266-4961', NULL, NULL, 'http://www.cameron-nursery.com', NULL, NULL),
(33, 0, 'MTU', 'Montana State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(34, 0, 'UNL', 'University of Nebraska - Lincoln', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(35, 0, 'ADVANTA', 'Advanta Seeds', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(36, 0, 'FPD', 'FPD', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(37, 0, 'ARC', 'ARC-Roodeplante', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(38, 0, 'STONEV', 'Stoneville Seeds', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(39, 0, 'DELTAPL', 'Delta & Pine Lands', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(40, 0, 'UNA', 'University of Natal', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(41, 0, 'ISU', 'Iowa State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(42, 0, 'FGI', 'Forage Genetics International', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(43, 0, 'ARS', 'Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(44, 0, 'SCOTTS', 'Scotts Seeds', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(45, 0, 'BAYER', 'Bayer CropScience (Aventis CropScience(AgrEvo))', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(46, 0, 'UFL', 'University of Florida', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(47, 0, 'UCBE', 'University of California, Berkely', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(48, 0, 'UCSD', 'University of California, San Diego', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(49, 0, 'UCAL', 'University of California', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(50, 0, 'UMO', 'University of Missouri', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(51, 0, 'WSC', 'University of Wisconsin', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(52, 0, 'WSM', 'University of Wisconsin, Madison', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(53, 0, 'UIU', 'University of Illinois, Urbana', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(54, 0, 'ARZ', 'University of Arizona', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(55, 0, 'STU', 'Stanford University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(56, 0, 'STN', 'Stine Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(57, 0, 'RGU', 'Rutgers University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(58, 0, 'PRD', 'Purdue University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(59, 0, 'PDG', 'Prodigene', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(60, 0, 'PSU', 'Pennsylvania State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(61, 0, 'OSU', 'Ohio State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(62, 0, 'KSU', 'Kansas State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(63, 0, 'MTP', 'Merristem Therapeutics', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(64, 0, 'ACB', 'Abbott and Cobb', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(65, 0, 'ARG', 'AgReliant Genetics', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(66, 0, 'DRC', 'Dry Creek', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(67, 0, 'VBI', 'Ventria BioScience', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(68, 0, 'IPS', 'Interstate Payco Seed', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(69, 0, 'TAES', 'Texas Agricultural Experimental Station', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(70, 0, 'TTU', 'Texas Tech University', '2500 Broadway', NULL, 'Lublock', 'TX', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(71, 0, 'MSU', 'Michigan State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(72, 0, 'SVS', 'Seminis Vegetable Seeds', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(73, 0, 'ARB', 'ArborGen', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(74, 0, 'ORE', 'Oregon State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(75, 0, 'NDS', 'North Dakota State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(76, 0, 'UID', 'University of Idaho', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(77, 0, 'WSU', 'Washington State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(78, 0, 'NCS', 'North Carolina State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(79, 0, 'MBT', 'Mendel Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(80, 0, 'ABS', 'Arcadia Biosciences', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(81, 0, 'LSU', 'Louisiana State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(82, 0, 'UKY', 'University of Kentucky', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(83, 0, 'VTU', 'Virginia Tech', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(84, 0, 'TAM', 'Texas A&M University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(85, 0, 'CRP', 'CropTech', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(86, 0, 'SPA', 'Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research & Extension Center', '2375 Darvills Road', NULL, 'Blackstone', 'VA', '23824-0448', '434-292-5331', '434-292-5623', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(87, 0, 'UHA', 'Univeristy of Hawaii', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(88, 0, 'UTN', 'University of Tennessee', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(89, 0, 'VTI', 'Vector Tobacco Inc.', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(90, 0, 'BHN', 'BHN Research', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(91, 0, 'GSR', 'Goertzen Seed Research', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(92, 0, 'NOF', 'Noble Foundation', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(93, 0, 'EMY', 'Emlay & Associates', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(94, 0, 'UGE', 'University of Georgia', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(95, 0, 'UVI', 'University of the Virgin Islands', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(96, 0, 'GAR', 'Garst Seed Company', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(97, 0, 'HMO', 'Harris Moran', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(98, 0, 'HAR', 'Hawaii Agricultural Research Centre', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(99, 0, 'ATS', 'Agra Tech Seeds', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(100, 0, 'CBI', 'Confidential - non-disclosed', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(101, 0, 'WCO', 'Westvaco', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(102, 0, 'AGR', 'Agrigenomics Inc.', '9411 – 20 Ave.', NULL, 'Edmonton', 'AB', 'T6N 1E5', '(780) 433-8247', '(780) 433-8257', 'Allen Good (allen.good@agrigenomics.com)', NULL, 'http://www.agrigenomics.ca', NULL, NULL),
(103, 0, 'ABR', 'Alberta Research Council', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(104, 0, 'LFC', 'Laurentian Forestry Centre', '1055 du P.E.P.S.', 'P.O. Box 3800', 'Sainte-Foy', 'PQ', 'G1V 4C7', '(418) 648-3335', '(418) 648-5849', NULL, NULL, 'http://www.cfl.forestry.ca/CFL-LFC/home.html', NULL, NULL),
(105, 0, 'MED', 'Medicago', '1020, route de l''Église, bureau 600', NULL, 'Sainte-Foy', 'PQ', 'G1V 3V9', '(418) 658-9393', '(418) 658-6699', NULL, NULL, 'http://www.medicago.com/', NULL, NULL),
(106, 0, 'PRI', 'Plantech Research Institute', '5-2 Marunouchi 2-chome', 'Chiyoda-ku', 'Tokyo', NULL, '100-0005', '03-3283-6441', '03-3283-6437', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(107, 0, 'PPI', 'Performance Plants Inc.', 'Biosciences Complex', 'Queen''s Univesity', 'Kingston', 'ON', 'K7L 3N6', '(613) 545-0390', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'http://www.performanceplants.com/', NULL, NULL),
(108, 0, 'SBS', 'SemBioSys Genetics Inc.', '#110, 2985 - 23rd Avenue NE', NULL, 'Calgary', 'AB', 'T1Y 7L3', '(403) 250-5424', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(109, 0, 'SWP', 'Saskatchewan Wheat Pool', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(110, 0, 'UOG', 'University of Guelph', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(111, 0, 'UOS', 'University of Saskatchewan', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(112, 0, 'UOT', 'University of Toronto', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(113, 0, 'CSD', 'Cotton Seed Distributors', 'GPO Box 117', NULL, 'Wee Waa', 'New South Wales', '2388', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(114, 0, 'AWA', 'Agriculture West Australia', 'Locked Bag 4', 'Bently Delivery Center', NULL, 'West Australia', '6983', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(115, 0, 'CSIRO', 'CSIRO', 'GPO Box 225', NULL, 'Dickson', 'ACT', '2602', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(116, 0, 'BSE', 'Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations', 'PO Box 86', NULL, 'Indooroopilly', 'QLD', '4068', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(117, 0, 'UOQ', 'University of Queensland', 'St. Lucia', NULL, 'Brisbane', 'QLD', '4072', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(118, 0, 'QDP', 'Queensland Department of Primary Industries', NULL, NULL, 'Brisbane', 'QLD', '4001', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(119, 0, 'TUM', 'Technische Universität München Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Lehrstuhl für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(120, 0, 'PRE', 'Plant Research International - Dept. Genetics and Breeding', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(121, 0, 'UAN', 'UNIVERSITA'' ANCONA - Facoltà di agraria -Dipartimento di biotecnologie agrarie e ambientali', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(122, 0, 'KUL', 'Katholieke Universiteit Leuven', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(123, 0, 'ATL', 'Advanced Technologies (Cambridge) Ltd', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(124, 0, 'INI', 'Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Alimentarias INIA (MAPA);', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(125, 0, 'SOL', 'Solavista GmbH&CoKG', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(126, 0, 'ALU', 'Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(127, 0, 'IPG', 'Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(128, 0, 'BZK', 'Bundesanstalt für Züchtungsforschung an Kulturpflanzen', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(129, 0, 'IRT', 'Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(130, 0, 'IVI', 'Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(131, 0, 'GEV', 'Groupe d''étude et de contrôle des variétés et des semences (GEVES)', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(132, 0, 'IDT', 'Institut du Tabac', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(133, 0, 'JIC', 'John Innes Centre', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(134, 0, 'PSE', 'Plant Science Sweden AB', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(135, 0, 'INR', 'INRA', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(136, 0, 'AVB', 'AVEBE', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(137, 0, 'FCB', 'Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(138, 0, 'EMB', 'EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruiticultural Tropical', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, '75-7212120', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(139, 0, 'CPC', 'Cooperativa de Productores de Cana e Alcool do Estado de Sao Paulo', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(140, 0, 'NYU', 'New York State University', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(141, 0, 'UMN', 'University of Minnesota', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(142, 0, 'MONC2', 'Monsanto Company', 'Chesterfield Village Research Center (MO)', '700 Chesterfield Parkway North', 'St. Louis', 'MO', '63198', '314/694-1000', NULL, 'NULL', NULL, 'http://www.monsanto.com', NULL, NULL),
(143, 0, 'MONC_FGI', 'Monsanto Company and Forage Genetics International', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(144, 0, 'DOW_PHIB', 'DOW AgroSciences LLC and Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc.', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(145, 0, 'USDA-ARS', 'United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(146, 0, 'BAYER2', 'Bayer CropScience USA LP', '2 T.W. Alexander Drive', 'PO Box 12014', 'Research Triangle Park', 'NC', '27709', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(147, 0, 'JK', 'JK Agri Genetics Ltd (India)', '1-10-177, 4th Floor, Varun Towers', 'Begumpet', 'Hyderabad – 500 016', 'Andhra Pradesh', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(148, 0, 'MONDOW1', 'Monsanto Company and Mycogen Seeds c/o Dow AgroSciences LLC', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(149, 0, 'DP', 'DuPont Pioneer', '7100 NW 62nd Avenue', 'PO Box 1150', 'Johnston', 'IA', '50131', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(150, 0, 'BASF2', 'BASF Plant Science', 'Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38', '', 'Lundwigshafen', '', 'D-67056', '', '', '', NULL, '', NULL, NULL);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_countries` (`id`, `code`, `name`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 'AF', 'Afghanistan', NULL, NULL),
(2, 'AR', 'Argentina', NULL, NULL),
(3, 'AT', 'Austria', NULL, NULL),
(4, 'AU', 'Australia', NULL, NULL),
(5, 'BE', 'Belgium', NULL, NULL),
(6, 'BF', 'Burkina Faso', NULL, NULL),
(7, 'BR', 'Brazil', NULL, NULL),
(8, 'CA', 'Canada', NULL, NULL),
(9, 'CH', 'China', NULL, NULL),
(10, 'CO', 'Colombia', NULL, NULL),
(11, 'CZ', 'Czech Republic', NULL, NULL),
(12, 'DE', 'Germany', NULL, NULL),
(13, 'DN', 'Denmark', NULL, NULL),
(14, 'ES', 'Spain', NULL, NULL),
(15, 'EU', 'European Union', NULL, NULL),
(16, 'EY', 'Egypt', NULL, NULL),
(17, 'FL', 'Finland', NULL, NULL),
(18, 'FR', 'France', NULL, NULL),
(19, 'GB', 'United Kingdom', NULL, NULL),
(20, 'IN', 'India', NULL, NULL),
(21, 'IT', 'Italy', NULL, NULL),
(22, 'JP', 'Japan', NULL, NULL),
(23, 'KR', 'Korea', NULL, NULL),
(24, 'MX', 'Mexico', NULL, NULL),
(25, 'NG', 'Nigeria', NULL, NULL),
(26, 'NL', 'Netherlands', NULL, NULL),
(27, 'NZ', 'New Zealand', NULL, NULL),
(28, 'PG', 'Papua New Guinea', NULL, NULL),
(29, 'PH', 'Philippines', NULL, NULL),
(30, 'PI', 'Philippines', NULL, NULL),
(31, 'PY', 'Paraguay', NULL, NULL),
(32, 'RS', 'Russia', NULL, NULL),
(33, 'SA', 'Saudi Arabia', NULL, NULL),
(34, 'SE', 'Sweden', NULL, NULL),
(35, 'SV', 'El Salvador', NULL, NULL),
(36, 'SW', 'SW', NULL, NULL),
(37, 'SZ', 'Switzerland', NULL, NULL),
(38, 'TW', 'Taiwan', NULL, NULL),
(39, 'TZ', 'Tanzania', NULL, NULL),
(40, 'UR', 'Uruguay', NULL, NULL),
(41, 'US', 'United States', NULL, NULL),
(42, 'ZA', 'South Africa', NULL, NULL);

-- --------------------------------------------------------


INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_countries_authorities` (`id`, `countryId`, `name`, `address1`, `address2`, `city`, `state`, `zip`, `telephone`, `facsimile`, `email`, `contact`, `web`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 8, 'Health Canada', 'Health Products and Food Branch. Office of Food Biotechnology', 'Tunneys Pasture', 'Ottawa', 'ON', 'K1A 0L2', '', '', '', '', 'http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/food-aliment/mh-dm/ofb-bba/nfi-ani/e_novel_foods_and_ingredient.html', NULL, NULL),
(2, 41, 'USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service', 'Biotechnology Permits Branch', '4700 River Road. Unit 147', 'Riverdale', 'MD', '20737', '(301) 734-7324', '', 'biotechquery@aphis.usda.gov', '', 'http://www.aphis.usda.gov/biotechnology/brs_main.shtml', NULL, NULL),
(3, 4, 'Food Standards Australia New Zealand', 'Boeing House', '55 Blackall Street', 'Barton', 'ACT', '2600', '+61-2-6271 2222', '+61-2-6271 2278', 'Marion.Healy@anzfa.gov.au', 'Dr. M. Healy', 'http://www.foodstandards.gov.au', NULL, NULL),
(4, 22, 'Ministry of Agriculture. Forestry. and Fisheries', 'Biotechnology Safety Division', 'Kasumigaseki 1-2-1. Chiyoda-ku', 'Tokyo', '', '100-8950', '3-3502-3919', '3-3502-4028', '', '', 'http://www.s.affrc.go.jp/docs/sentan/', NULL, NULL),
(5, 22, 'Ministry of Health.Labour and Welfare', 'Department of Food Safety. Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau', '1-2-2 Kasumigaseki. Chiyoda-ku', 'Tokyo', '', '100-8916', '+81-3-5253-1111(Ext.2447)', ' +81-3-3501-4868', '', '', 'http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/topics/food/index.html', NULL, NULL),
(6, 4, 'Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR)', 'Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing', 'MDP54 GPO Box 9848', 'Canberra', 'ACT', '2601', '1800 181 030', '+61 02 6271 4202', 'ogtr@health.gov.au', 'Dr. Sue Meek', 'http://www.ogtr.gov.au', NULL, NULL),
(7, 41, 'Food and Drug Administration', 'Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition', '5100 Paint Branch Parkway', 'College Park', 'MD', '20740-3835', '', '', '', '', 'http://www.cfsan.fda.gov', NULL, NULL),
(8, 3, 'Austrian Federal Ministry of Social Security and Generations', 'Bundesministerium f. Gesundheit, Familie und Jugend\nAbt. IV/B/9 - Gentechnik', 'Bundesamtsgebäude, Radetzkystraße 2', 'Wien', '', '1030', ' +43-1-71100-4845', ' +43-1-715 23 05', 'michel.haas@bmsg.gv.at', 'Dr. Michel Haas', 'http://www.bmgfj.gv.at/', NULL, NULL),
(9, 3, 'Austrian Federal Environment Agency', 'Spittelauer Lände 5', '', 'Wien/Österreich', '', '1090', '+43 1 31304-0', '43 1 31304-5400', '', '', 'http://www.ubavie.gv.at', NULL, NULL),
(10, 23, 'Korean Food and Drug Administration', '194 Tongilro', 'Eunpyeong-gu', 'Seoul', '', '122-704', '', '', 'kfds@kfda.go.kr', '', 'http://www.kfda.go.kr', NULL, NULL),
(11, 24, 'Secretariat of Agriculture. Livestock. and Rural Development', '', 'Municipio Libre 377, Col. Santa Cruz Atoyac\nDelegación Benito Juárez, C.P. 03310', 'Mexico', 'DF', '', ' +52-55-3871-1000', '', 'contacto@sagarpa.gob.mx', '', 'http://www.sagarpa.gob.mx', NULL, NULL),
(12, 25, 'Federal Ministry of Environment', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'rebegba@hotmail.com', 'Mr. Rufus Ebegba', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(13, 37, 'Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications', 'Federal Office for the Environment FOEN', '', 'Berne', '', 'CH-3003', ' +41-31-3229311', ' +41-31-322-90981', 'info@bafu.admin.ch', 'Dr. François Pythoud', 'http://www.bafu.admin.ch/index.html?lang=en', NULL, NULL),
(14, 37, 'Federal Office of Public Health', '', '', 'Berne', '', 'CH-3003', '+41 (0)31 322 21 11', '+41 (0)31 322 95 07', '', '', 'http://www.bag.admin.ch/index.html?lang=en', NULL, NULL),
(15, 37, 'Federal Office for Agriculture', '', '', '', '', '', '', '', 'info@blw.admin.ch', '', 'http://www.blw.admin.ch/index.html?lang=en', NULL, NULL),
(16, 24, 'COMISIÓN FEDERAL PARA LA PROTECCIÓN CONTRA RIESGOS SANITARIOS (COFEPRIS)', 'Monterrey # 33. 10º Piso. Colonia Roma (C.P. 06700)', '', 'México', 'DF', '', ' +52-55-5080-5200', '', 'msignorini@salud.gob.mx', 'MARCELO SIGNORINI', 'http://www.cofepris.gob.mx/index.htm', NULL, NULL),
(17, 20, 'Ministry of Environment and Forests', 'CGO Complex Lodi Road 110003', NULL, 'New Delhi', NULL, NULL, '91 11 2436 3964', '91 11 2436 3964', 'warrier@nic.in', 'Dr. Ranjini Warrier', 'http://www.envfor.nic.in', NULL, NULL),
(18, 10, 'Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Republic of Colombia', 'Carrera 13 No. 32-76', NULL, 'Bogota', 'D.C.', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'drubio@minproteccionsocial.gov.co', 'Daniel Alberto Rubio', 'http://www.minproteccionsocial.gov.co/Paginas/Default.aspx', NULL, NULL);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_donors` (`id`, `code`, `name`, `pathogenicity`, `created`, `updated`, `geneCode`) VALUES
(1, 'BTK', '<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>kurstaki</I>', 'While target insects are susceptible to oral doses of <i>Bt</i> proteins, no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals or birds given up to 10 µg protein/g body weight.', '2013-08-29 14:22:08', '2013-08-29 14:22:08', 'cry1Ab'),
(2, 'SVIR', '<I>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</I>', '<i>S. viridochromogenes</i> is ubiquitous in the soil. The spore chains are Spirales and the spore surface is spiny. The spore mass is blue, the reverse is green and its pigments are pH sensistive. It exhibits very slight antimicrobial activity, is inhibited by streptomycin, and there have been no reports of adverse affects on humans, animals, or plants.', NULL, NULL, 'pat'),
(15, 'BTKC', '<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>kurstaki</I>', 'Although target insects are susceptible to oral doses of <i>Bt</i> proteins, there is no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals or bird given up to 10 µg protein / g body wt. There are no significant mammalian toxins or allergens associated with the host organism.', '2013-08-29 14:22:08', '2013-08-29 14:22:08', 'cry1Ac'),
(4, 'SHYG', '<I>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</I>', '<i>S. hygroscopicus</i> is ubiquitous in the soil and there have been no reports of adverse affects on humans, animals, or plants.', NULL, NULL, 'bar'),
(5, 'CR9C', '<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>tolworthi</I>', 'While target insects are susceptible to oral doses of <i>Bt</i> proteins, no evidence of acute toxicity in laboratory mammals, birds, or non-target beneficial insects has been reported. The Cry9C protein is resistant to heat and proteolytic degradation and may have allergenic potential', NULL, NULL, 'cry9c'),
(6, 'CP4EPS', 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4', '<p><i>A. tumefaciens</i> is a <strong>common</strong> soil bacterium that is responsible for causing crown gall disease in susceptible plants. There have been no reports of adverse affects on humans or animals.</p>', NULL, '2013-08-30 12:14:06', 'CP4 epsps'),
(7, 'BT3A', '<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>Tenebrionis</I>', 'While beetles and other coleopterans are susceptible to oral doses of Cry3A protein, there is no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals or birds. There are no significant mammalian toxins or allergens associated with the host organism.', NULL, NULL, 'cry3A'),
(8, 'BTA', '<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> var. <I>aizawai</I>', 'While target insects are susceptible to oral doses of <i>Bt</i> proteins, no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals or birds.', NULL, NULL, 'cry1F'),
(9, 'BT3B', '<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>kumamotoensis</i>', 'While coleopterans are susceptible to oral doses of Cry3Bb1 protein, there is no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals or birds. There are no significant mammalian toxins or allergens associated with the host organism.', NULL, NULL, 'cry3Bb1'),
(10, 'BXN', '<i>Klebsiella ozaenae</i>', 'Member of the <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>, a group of facultative gramnegative bacteria, classified as a Class 2 microorganism. This class contains microorganisms that could potentially cause disease in humans, however no known pathogenicity exists for the subspecies <i>ozaenae</i>. <i>Klebsiella</i> bacteria are widely distributed in nature, occurring naturally in the soil, water and in grain and are normal inhabitants of the intestinal tract', NULL, NULL, 'bxn'),
(11, 'BTK2', '<I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> subsp. <I>kurstaki</I>', 'While target insects are susceptible to oral doses of <i>Bt</i> proteins, no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals or birds given up to 10 µg protein/g body weight.', NULL, NULL, 'cry2Ab2'),
(12, 'BTPS', 'Bacillus thuringiensis strain PS149B1', 'While target insects are susceptible to oral doses of Bt proteins, there is no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals, in birds or in non-target arthropods.', NULL, '2013-08-16 21:11:45', 'cry34Ab1'),
(13, 'BTVIP', '<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> strain AB88', 'While target lepidopteran insects are susceptible to oral doses of VIP proteins, there is no evidence of toxic effects in laboratory mammals, in birds, and in non-target arthropods, including beneficial insects.', NULL, NULL, 'vip3A'),
(14, 'STUB', '<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>', 'The <i>gbss</i> gene fragment sequences introduced to suppress endogenous GBSS expression have no homology with known toxins.', NULL, NULL, 'gbss');

-- --------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events` (`id`, `code`, `uniqueCode`, `trialCode`, `image`, `hostId`, `varietyId`, `traitId`, `timId`, `usageId`, `showAbstract`, `created`, `updated`, `developerId`, `userId`) VALUES
(1, 'GA21', 'MON-ØØØ21-9', '', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 'N', NULL, '2010-04-06 16:22:46', 26, 0),
(2, 'SWP965001', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, NULL, 2, 2, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-27 23:00:00', 2, 0),
(3, 'EXP1910IT', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 3, 11, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 26, 0),
(4, 'OXY-235', 'ACS-BNØ11-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 1, 4, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 27, 0),
(5, 'MON802', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 4, 5, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(6, 'T14, T25', 'ACS-ZMØØ2-1 / ACS-ZMØØ3-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 6, 6, 9, 4, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(7, 'DBT418', 'DKB-89614-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 13, 7, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:29', 5, 1),
(8, 'FP967', 'CDC-FLØØ1-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/flax.gif', 4, 2, 8, 3, 5, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 6, 0),
(9, 'MON810', 'MON-ØØ81Ø-6', 'MON-ØØ81Ø-6', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 4, 77, 1, 1, 'N', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02', 1, 1),
(10, 'ATBT04-6, ATBT04-27, ATBT04-30, ATBT04-31, ATBT04-36, SPBT02-5, SPBT02-7', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/potato.gif', 5, 24, 10, 3, 22, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(11, 'ZSR500/502', NULL, NULL, NULL, 6, 21, 1, 4, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(12, 'MON809', '', '', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 0, 5, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2013-05-10 15:06:16', 7, 0),
(13, 'MS3', 'ACS-ZMØØ1-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 7, 104, 5, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(14, 'MON531/757/1076', 'MON-ØØ531-6, MON-ØØ757-7', 'MON-ØØ531-6', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 8, 12, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(15, '3751IR', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 13, 6, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 7, 0),
(16, 'BT11 (X4334CBR, X4734CBR)', 'SYN-BTØ11-1', 'SYN-BTØ11-1', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 7, 7, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(17, 'DK404SR', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 14, 6, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(18, '23-18-17, 23-198', '', '', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 31, 15, 3, 8, 'Y', NULL, '2013-07-17 13:12:00', 1, 0),
(19, 'GT200', 'MON89249-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 5, 1, 3, 9, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(20, 'BT6, BT10, BT12, BT16, BT17, BT18, BT23', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/potato.gif', 5, 9, 10, 3, 23, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(21, 'GTS 40-3-2', 'MON-Ø4Ø32-6', 'MON-Ø4Ø32-6', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 1, 1, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(22, 'HCN92', 'ACS-BNØØ7-1', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 19, 6, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(23, 'GT73, RT73', 'MON-ØØØ73-7', 'MON-ØØØ73-7', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 10, 1, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(24, 'NS738, NS1471, NS1473', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 20, 3, 8, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 7, 0),
(25, '176', 'SYN-EV176-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 11, 7, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(26, 'MS1, RF1 =>PGS1', 'ACS-BNØØ4-7 x ACS-BNØØ1-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 142, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 25, 0),
(27, 'MS8xRF3', 'ACS-BNØØ5-8 x ACS-BNØØ3-6', 'MS8xRF3', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 142, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(28, 'TC1507', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 25, 7, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 11, 0),
(29, 'BXN', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 4, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 9, 0),
(30, 'ZW20', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/squash.gif', 9, NULL, 17, 3, 11, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 12, 0),
(31, '55-1/63-1', NULL, '55-1/63-1', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/papaya.gif', 10, NULL, 18, 1, 12, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 13, 0),
(32, 'T45 (HCN28)', 'ACS-BNØØ8-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 6, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(33, 'HCN10', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, 18, 6, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 23, 0),
(34, '31807/31808', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 19, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 9, 0),
(35, '19-51A', 'DD-Ø1951A-7', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 8, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 14, 0),
(36, 'PHY36', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 142, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 25, 0),
(37, 'PHY14, PHY35', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 142, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 25, 0),
(38, 'CZW-3', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/squash.gif', 9, NULL, 20, 3, 11, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 15, 0),
(39, 'W62, W98', 'ACS-GMØØ1-8, ACS-GMØØ2-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 6, 1, 13, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(40, 'A5547-127', 'ACS-GMØØ6-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 6, 1, 13, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(41, 'G94-1, G94-19, G168', 'DD-Ø26ØØ5-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 21, 1, 13, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 14, 0),
(42, 'GU262', 'ACS-GMØØ3-1', 'GU262', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 6, 1, 13, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(43, '1345-4', '', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tomato.gif', 11, 0, 22, 3, 14, 'Y', NULL, '2013-08-16 11:33:49', 16, 0),
(45, 'T120-7', 'ACS-BVØØ1-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/sugarbeet.gif', 12, NULL, 6, 3, 15, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(46, 'GTSB77', NULL, 'GTSB77', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/sugarbeet.gif', 12, 7, 1, 3, 15, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 17, 0),
(47, 'RM3-3, RM3-4, RM3-6', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/chicory.gif', 13, NULL, 142, 3, 16, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 18, 0),
(48, 'B16 (DLL25)', 'DKB-8979Ø-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 6, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 5, 0),
(49, 'CBH-351', 'ACS-ZMØØ4-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 23, 7, 1, 21, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 23, 0),
(50, '676, 678, 680', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 142, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 7, 0),
(51, 'MON80100', '', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 9, 1, 1, 'N', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(52, 'MON1445/1698', 'MON-Ø1445-2', 'MON-Ø1445-2', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 5, 1, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(53, 'RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350, RBMT22-082', '', '', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/potato.gif', 5, 17, 23, 3, 25, 'Y', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00', 1, 0),
(54, 'RBMT15-101, SEMT15-02, SEMT15-15', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/potato.gif', 5, 16, 24, 3, 24, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(55, 'LLRICE06, LLRICE62', 'ACS-OSØØ1-4, ACS-OSØØ2-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/rice.gif', 14, 6, 6, 7, 17, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 23, 0),
(56, '5345', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tomato.gif', 11, NULL, 12, 3, 14, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(57, '35 1 N', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tomato.gif', 11, NULL, 25, 3, 14, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 19, 0),
(58, '8338', 'CGN-89322-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tomato.gif', 11, NULL, 26, 3, 14, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(59, 'B, Da, F', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tomato.gif', 11, NULL, 27, 3, 14, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 3, 0),
(60, 'A2704-12, A2704-21, A5547-35', 'ACS-GMØØ5-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 6, 1, 13, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(61, 'FLAVR SAVR', 'CGN-89564-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tomato.gif', 11, NULL, 27, 3, 26, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 9, 0),
(62, '66', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/carnation.gif', 15, NULL, 28, 3, 18, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 20, 0),
(63, '959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A, 1363A, 1400A', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/carnation2.gif', 15, NULL, 29, 3, 18, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 20, 0),
(64, '4, 11, 15, 16', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/carnation2.gif', 15, NULL, 29, 3, 18, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 20, 0),
(65, 'MS1, RF2 =>PGS2', 'ACS-BNØØ4-7 x ACS-BNØØ2-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 142, 3, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 25, 0),
(66, 'MS6', 'ACS-ZMØØ5-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 7, 104, 5, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(67, 'C/F/93/08-02', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tobacco.gif', 17, 22, 4, 3, 19, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 21, 0),
(68, '45A37, 46A40', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 30, 2, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 7, 0),
(69, '46A12, 46A16', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 3, NULL, 30, 2, 3, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 7, 0),
(70, 'A, B', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/melon.gif', 16, NULL, 26, 3, 20, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 19, 0),
(71, 'IT', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 13, 6, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 7, 0),
(72, 'MON832', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 1, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(73, 'OT96-15', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 31, 10, 13, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 22, 0),
(74, 'NK603', 'MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', 'MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 'N', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58', 1, 1),
(75, 'MON863', 'MON-ØØ863-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 33, 1, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(76, 'CL121, CL141, CFX51', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/rice.gif', 14, 26, 13, 2, 27, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(77, 'MON 15985', 'MON-15985-7', 'MON-15985-7', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 27, 12, 1, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-12-01 10:43:48', 1, 0),
(78, 'DAS-06275-8', 'DAS-Ø6275-8', 'DAS-Ø6275-8', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 39, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 30, 0),
(79, 'MON71800', NULL, 'MON-TAE-HT0001', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, NULL, 58, 3, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(80, 'ASR368', NULL, 'SCO-AST-HT0001-A', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/Agrostis.gif', 23, NULL, 58, 1, 32, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 44, 0),
(81, 'HCR-1', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/canola.gif', 6, NULL, 6, 12, 28, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(82, 'LLCotton25', 'ACS-GHØØ1-3', 'LLCotton25', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 6, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(83, 'Vector 21-41', NULL, 'VTI-NTA-PQ0020-A', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/tobacco.gif', 17, NULL, 117, 3, 30, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 89, 0),
(84, 'BT11 x MIR162 x MIR604', 'SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR162-4,SYN-IR6Ø4-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 172, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(85, 'MON89034 x TC1507 x MON88017 x DAS-59122-7', 'MON-89Ø34-3 x DAS- Ø15Ø7-1 x MON-88Ø17-3 x DAS-59122-7', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 178, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 148, 0),
(86, 'X81359', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/sunflower.gif', 30, 26, 143, 14, 29, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(87, 'AP602CL', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, NULL, 2, 2, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(88, 'Teal 11A', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, NULL, 3, 2, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(89, 'RH44', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/lentil.gif', 49, NULL, 3, 2, 31, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(90, 'AP205CL', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, NULL, 2, 2, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(91, 'PWC16', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/rice.gif', 14, NULL, 3, 2, 27, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(92, '281-24-236', 'DAS-24236-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 39, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 30, 0),
(93, '3006-210-23', 'DAS-21Ø23-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 39, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 30, 0),
(94, 'H7-1', 'KM-ØØØ71-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/sugarbeet.gif', 12, NULL, 58, 3, 15, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(95, 'DAS-59122-7', 'DAS-59122-7', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 32, 170, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 144, 0),
(96, 'MON88017', 'MON-88Ø17-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 36, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(97, 'MON88913', 'MON-88913-8', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 28, 58, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(98, '281-24-236 x 3006-210-23', 'DAS-21Ø23-5 x DAS-24236-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 29, 168, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2013-08-30 15:20:01', 30, 1),
(99, 'DAS-21Ø23-5 x DAS-24236-5 x MON-Ø1445-2', '', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 30, 164, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2013-08-29 19:05:09', 30, 1),
(100, 'MON863 x MON810', 'MON-ØØ863-5, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 165, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(101, 'MON863 x NK603', 'MON-ØØ863-5, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 166, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(102, 'MON863 x MON810 x NK603', 'MON-ØØ863-5, MON-ØØ81Ø-6, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 167, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(103, 'NK603 x MON810', 'MON-ØØ6Ø3-6, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 164, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(104, 'T25 x MON810', 'ACS-ZMØØ3-2, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 168, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(105, 'TC1507 x NK603', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 169, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 30, 0),
(106, 'GA21 x MON810', 'MON-ØØØ21-9, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 164, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(107, 'MON-ØØ531-6 x MON-Ø1445-2', 'MON-ØØ531-6 x MON-Ø1445-2', '', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 0, 164, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:53', 1, 1),
(108, 'MON-15985-7 x MON-Ø1445-2', '', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 0, 164, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42', 1, 1),
(109, 'J101, J163', 'MON-ØØ1Ø1-8, MON-ØØ163-7', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/alfalfa.gif', 18, NULL, 58, 3, 33, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 143, 0),
(110, 'COT102', 'SYN-IR1Ø2-7', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 39, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(111, 'LY038', 'REN-ØØØ38-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 43, 1, 34, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(112, 'MON810 x LY038', 'REN-ØØØ38-3, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 171, 10, 34, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(113, 'MIR604', 'SYN-IR6Ø4-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 147, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(114, 'MON810 x MON88017', 'MON-88Ø17-3, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 167, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(115, 'MON15985 x MON88913', 'MON-15985-7, MON-88913-8', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 164, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(116, 'TC1507 x DAS-59122-7', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, DAS-59122-7', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 33, 172, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 144, 0),
(117, 'DAS-59122-7 x NK603', 'DAS-59122-7, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', 'MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 166, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 144, 0),
(118, 'DAS-59122-7 x TC1507 x NK603', 'DAS-59122-7, DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 173, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 144, 0),
(119, 'DAS-21Ø23-5 x DAS-24236-5 x MON88913', 'DAS-24236-5, DAS-21Ø23-5, MON-88913-8', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 0, 164, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:41:41', 144, 1),
(120, 'LLCotton25 x MON15985', 'ACS-GHØØ1-3, MON-15985-7', 'LLCotton25', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 47, 10, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(121, 'BT11 x GA21', 'SYN-BTØ11-1,  MON-ØØØ21-9', 'SYN-BTØ11-1', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 169, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(122, 'BW255-2, BW238-3', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, NULL, 13, 2, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(123, 'IMINTA-1, IMINTA-4', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/rice.gif', 14, 26, 13, 2, 27, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(124, 'LLRICE601', 'BCS-OSØØ3-7', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/rice.gif', 14, 6, 6, 3, 17, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 45, 0),
(125, 'MON89788', 'MON-89788-1', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, 35, 1, 3, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(126, 'BW7', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/wheat.gif', 2, 26, 13, 2, 2, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(127, 'C5', 'ARS-PLMC5-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/plum.gif', 59, NULL, 174, 3, 35, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 145, 0),
(128, 'MIR604 x GA21', 'SYN-IR6Ø4-5, MON-ØØØ21-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 166, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(129, 'BT11 x MIR604', 'SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR6Ø4-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 172, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(130, 'BT11 x MIR604 x GA21', 'SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR6Ø4-5, MON-ØØØ21-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 169, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(131, 'Event 3272', 'SYN-E3272-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 175, 3, 36, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(132, 'MON89034', 'MON-89Ø34-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 39, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(133, 'DP356043', 'DP-356Ø43-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 176, 1, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 149, 0),
(134, 'MON89034 x MON88017', 'MON-89Ø34-3, MON-88Ø17-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 167, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(135, 'MON89034 x NK603', 'MON-89Ø34-3, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 164, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(136, 'Event 98140', 'DP-Ø9814Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 36, 176, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 149, 0),
(137, 'MIR162', 'SYN-IR162-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 39, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(138, 'BT11 x MIR162', 'SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR162-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 177, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(139, 'DP-305423', 'DP-3Ø5423-1', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 30, 1, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 149, 0),
(140, 'COT67B', 'SYN-IR67B-1', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 39, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(141, 'GHB614', 'BCS-GHØØ2-5', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, 37, 1, 3, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 146, 0),
(142, 'X17-2', 'UFL-X17CP-6', '', '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/papaya.gif', 10, NULL, 18, 3, 12, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 46, 0),
(143, 'Event-1', NULL, NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/cotton.gif', 7, NULL, 39, 1, 7, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 147, 0),
(144, 'BPS-CV127-9', 'BPS-CV127-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 13, 1, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 8, 0),
(145, 'NK603 x T25', 'MON-00603-6 x ACS-ZM003-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 179, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2010-03-26 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(146, 'EH92-527-1', 'BPS-25271-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/potato.gif', 5, 39, 180, 3, 37, 'Y', NULL, '2012-03-30 23:00:00', 150, 0),
(147, 'MON87460', 'MON-8746Ø-4', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 181, 3, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2012-04-28 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(148, 'MON87701', 'MON-877Ø1-2', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 182, 3, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2012-04-28 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(149, 'MON87701 x MON89788', 'MON-877Ø1-2, MON-89788-1', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/soybean.gif', 8, NULL, 164, 10, 10, 'Y', NULL, '2012-04-28 23:00:00', 1, 0),
(150, 'BT11 x MIR162 x MIR604 x GA21', 'SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR162-4,SYN-IR6Ø4-5, MON-ØØØ21-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 178, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2012-08-03 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(151, 'TC1507 x MON810', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 168, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2012-08-03 23:00:00', 149, 0),
(152, 'TC1507 x MON810 x NK603', 'DAS-Ø15Ø7-1, MON-ØØ81Ø-6, MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 169, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2012-08-03 23:00:00', 149, 0),
(153, 'BT11 x GA21 x MIR162', 'SYN-BTØ11-1, SYN-IR162-4, MON-ØØØ21-9', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, NULL, 159, 10, 1, 'Y', NULL, '2012-08-03 23:00:00', 24, 0),
(166, '4114', 'DP-ØØ4114-3', NULL, '/files/default/GmCropDatabase/crops/maize.gif', 1, 0, 172, 3, 1, 'N', '2013-08-09 12:49:40', '2013-08-23 00:19:19', 7, 0);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_authorizations` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `environment`, `foodfeed`, `food`, `feed`, `marketing`, `pending`, `notes`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 43, 8, NULL, NULL, '1995-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Not fed to animals. Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, '2013-08-16 11:33:49'),
(2, 43, 24, NULL, '1998-11-18 00:00:00', '1998-11-18 00:00:00', '1998-11-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-16 11:33:49'),
(3, 43, 41, '1995-01-17 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-16 11:33:49'),
(4, 25, 2, '1996-08-02 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-02-16 00:00:00', '1998-02-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(5, 25, 4, NULL, '2001-04-01 00:00:00', '2001-04-01 00:00:00', '2001-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(6, 25, 8, '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(7, 25, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(8, 25, 15, '1997-01-23 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-01-23 00:00:00', '1997-01-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 4 October 2004.  Notification expired on 18 April 2007, no application for renewal thus authorisation no longer valid.', NULL, NULL),
(9, 25, 19, NULL, NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(10, 25, 22, '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-09-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not approved for cultivation.', NULL, NULL),
(11, 25, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-30 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(12, 25, 26, NULL, NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(13, 25, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-24 00:00:00', '2003-10-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(14, 25, 37, NULL, NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not approved for cultivation.', NULL, NULL),
(15, 25, 38, NULL, NULL, '2004-06-02 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(16, 25, 41, '1995-05-17 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(17, 25, 42, NULL, '2001-06-15 00:00:00', '2001-06-15 00:00:00', '2001-06-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(18, 35, 41, '1996-01-25 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(19, 18, 8, '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-04-01 00:00:00', '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-19 13:45:49'),
(20, 18, 41, '1994-10-01 00:00:00', '1994-10-01 00:00:00', '1994-10-01 00:00:00', '1994-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-17 13:12:01'),
(21, 92, 8, NULL, NULL, '2005-07-29 00:00:00', '2005-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(22, 92, 22, NULL, NULL, '2005-09-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(23, 92, 24, NULL, '2004-06-01 00:00:00', '2004-06-01 00:00:00', '2004-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(24, 92, 41, '2004-07-16 00:00:00', '2004-05-05 00:00:00', '2004-05-05 00:00:00', '2004-05-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(25, 93, 8, NULL, NULL, '2005-07-29 00:00:00', '2005-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(26, 93, 22, NULL, NULL, '2005-09-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(27, 93, 24, NULL, '2004-08-19 00:00:00', '2004-08-19 00:00:00', '2004-08-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(28, 93, 41, '2004-07-16 00:00:00', '2004-07-28 00:00:00', '2004-07-28 00:00:00', '2004-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(29, 34, 8, NULL, NULL, '1998-12-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(30, 34, 22, '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-11-01 00:00:00', '1999-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 31807', NULL, NULL),
(31, 34, 41, '1997-04-30 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(32, 57, 41, '1996-03-27 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(33, 15, 8, '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1994-05-01 00:00:00', '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(34, 64, 4, '1995-09-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(35, 64, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(36, 68, 8, NULL, NULL, '1996-08-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(37, 69, 8, NULL, NULL, '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(38, 56, 8, NULL, NULL, '2000-10-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(39, 56, 41, '1998-03-01 00:00:00', '1998-02-03 00:00:00', '1998-02-03 00:00:00', '1998-02-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(40, 31, 8, NULL, NULL, '2003-01-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(41, 31, 41, '1996-09-05 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(42, 62, 4, '1995-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(43, 62, 15, '1998-10-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(44, 50, 41, '1998-06-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(45, 58, 41, '1995-09-27 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(46, 63, 10, '2000-05-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(47, 63, 15, '1998-10-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(48, 70, 41, NULL, NULL, '1999-12-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Determination of nonregulated status pending, per announcement in Federal Registry, October 26, 1999.   Petition withdrawn November 15, 1999.', NULL, NULL),
(49, 60, 2, '2011-08-23 00:00:00', '2011-08-23 00:00:00', '2011-08-23 00:00:00', '2011-08-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Applications for "flexibilizing" testing conditions received in 1998, currently under consideration.', NULL, NULL),
(50, 60, 4, NULL, NULL, '2004-04-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(51, 60, 7, '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2010-02-11 00:00:00', '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For A2704-12 only.', NULL, NULL),
(52, 60, 8, '1999-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2000-11-20 00:00:00', '2000-12-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Environmental approval granted for A2704-12. No application for variety registration received to date.', NULL, NULL),
(53, 60, 9, NULL, '2007-12-20 00:00:00', '2007-12-20 00:00:00', '2007-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For A2704-12 only. Approval valid until 20 December 2010.', NULL, NULL),
(54, 60, 15, NULL, '2008-09-08 00:00:00', '2008-09-08 00:00:00', '2008-09-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For A2704-12 only', NULL, NULL),
(55, 60, 22, '1999-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2002-07-08 00:00:00', '2003-03-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Environmental approval granted for A2704-12.', NULL, NULL),
(56, 60, 23, NULL, NULL, '2009-04-02 00:00:00', '2009-03-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For A2704-12 only', NULL, NULL),
(57, 60, 24, NULL, '2003-08-13 00:00:00', '2003-08-13 00:00:00', '2003-08-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(58, 60, 30, NULL, NULL, '2009-01-23 00:00:00', '2009-01-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Only event A2704-12 for direct use in food, feed, or processing.', NULL, NULL),
(59, 60, 38, NULL, NULL, '2007-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For A2704-12 only', NULL, NULL),
(60, 60, 41, '1996-07-31 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(61, 60, 42, NULL, '2001-12-15 00:00:00', '2001-12-15 00:00:00', '2001-12-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For A2704-12 only', NULL, NULL),
(62, 40, 2, '2011-08-23 00:00:00', '2011-08-23 00:00:00', '2011-08-23 00:00:00', '2011-08-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(63, 40, 7, '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2010-02-11 00:00:00', '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(64, 40, 8, '2000-12-18 00:00:00', NULL, '2000-11-20 00:00:00', '2000-12-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(65, 40, 22, '2006-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-07-08 00:00:00', '2006-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Provision as food, provision as feed, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and acts incidental to them', NULL, NULL),
(66, 40, 24, NULL, '2003-08-13 00:00:00', '2003-08-13 00:00:00', '2003-08-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(67, 40, 41, '1998-04-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(68, 90, 8, '2004-06-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-11-14 00:00:00', '2004-06-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(69, 87, 8, '2003-03-20 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-03-21 00:00:00', '2003-03-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(70, 80, 41, NULL, NULL, NULL, '2003-09-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(71, 10, 4, NULL, '2001-07-31 00:00:00', '2001-07-31 00:00:00', '2001-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Potato lines BT-06, ATBT04-31, ATBT04-36 and SPBT02-05.', NULL, NULL),
(72, 10, 8, '1997-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-11-01 00:00:00', '1997-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'SPBT02-5 and SPBT02-7 were not covered in Decision Document 97-20 (Environmental Approval)', NULL, NULL),
(73, 10, 22, NULL, NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Environmental and feed approval denied as the importation of living potato is denied due to phytosanitary restrictions.', NULL, NULL),
(74, 10, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For SPBT02-05 only', NULL, NULL),
(75, 10, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-05 00:00:00', '2003-12-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'SPBT02-05 only', NULL, NULL),
(76, 10, 41, '1996-05-03 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(77, 59, 8, NULL, NULL, '1996-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Not fed to animals. Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(78, 59, 24, NULL, '1996-09-18 00:00:00', '1996-09-18 00:00:00', '1996-09-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(79, 59, 41, '1995-06-06 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(80, 48, 8, '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(81, 48, 22, '1999-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-11-01 00:00:00', '2000-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(82, 48, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-02-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(83, 48, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-11-20 00:00:00', '2003-11-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(84, 48, 38, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Authorization expired October 20, 2008.', NULL, NULL),
(85, 48, 41, '1995-12-19 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(86, 144, 7, '2009-10-12 00:00:00', '2009-10-12 00:00:00', '2009-10-12 00:00:00', '2009-10-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(87, 144, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(88, 16, 2, '2001-07-27 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-07-27 00:00:00', '2001-07-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Permit No. SAGPyA Nº 392', NULL, NULL),
(89, 16, 4, NULL, '2001-04-01 00:00:00', '2001-04-01 00:00:00', '2001-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(90, 16, 7, '2007-09-20 00:00:00', '2007-09-20 00:00:00', '2007-09-20 00:00:00', '2007-09-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(91, 16, 8, '1996-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(92, 16, 9, NULL, '2004-04-06 00:00:00', '2004-04-06 00:00:00', '2004-04-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(93, 16, 10, '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-04-13 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(94, 16, 15, NULL, NULL, '1998-04-22 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'In 1998, field maize and sweet corn were approved for import and feed use; and field maize was approved for food use.  In 2004, sweet corn was approved for food use.', NULL, NULL),
(95, 16, 19, NULL, NULL, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(96, 16, 22, '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-09-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not approved for cultivation.', NULL, NULL),
(97, 16, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-03 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(98, 16, 24, NULL, '2007-07-16 00:00:00', '2007-07-16 00:00:00', '2007-07-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(99, 16, 30, '2005-04-14 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-07-22 00:00:00', '2003-07-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(100, 16, 32, NULL, NULL, '2003-09-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(101, 16, 37, NULL, NULL, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(102, 16, 38, NULL, NULL, '2004-06-02 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(103, 16, 40, '2004-05-07 00:00:00', '2004-05-07 00:00:00', '2004-05-07 00:00:00', '2004-05-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(104, 16, 41, '1996-01-18 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(105, 16, 42, '2003-06-18 00:00:00', '2002-02-07 00:00:00', '2002-02-07 00:00:00', '2002-02-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(106, 121, 2, '2009-12-21 00:00:00', '2009-12-21 00:00:00', '2009-12-21 00:00:00', '2009-12-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(107, 121, 7, '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(108, 121, 8, '2005-05-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Stacked events are subject to 60-premarket notification to the CFIA.  Acknowledgement received from the CFIA of no requirement for further authorization for unconfined environmental release or use in livestock feed.', NULL, NULL),
(109, 121, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(110, 121, 22, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(111, 121, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-02-02 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(112, 121, 24, NULL, '2007-12-06 00:00:00', '2007-12-06 00:00:00', '2007-12-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(113, 121, 30, NULL, NULL, '2007-01-23 00:00:00', '2007-01-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(114, 121, 40, '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(115, 153, 7, '2011-10-27 00:00:00', '2011-10-27 00:00:00', '2011-10-27 00:00:00', '2011-10-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(116, 153, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(117, 138, 41, '2009-02-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Registration of BT11 x MIR162 corn was granted by US EPA under Section 3(c)(7)(C) of FIFRA (EPA REg. Number: 67979-12).  The registration will automatically expire at midnight on December 31, 2011.', NULL, NULL),
(118, 84, 41, '2009-02-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Registration of BT11 x MIR162 x MIR604 corn was granted by US EPA under Section 3(c)(7)(C) of FIFRA (EPA Reg. Number: 67979-13). The subject registration will automatically expire at midnight on December 31, 2011. This product did not require a determination of nonregulated status by USDA-APHIS or a review by US-FDA.', NULL, NULL),
(119, 150, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(120, 129, 8, '2007-08-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(121, 129, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(122, 129, 22, NULL, NULL, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(123, 129, 23, NULL, NULL, '2007-08-17 00:00:00', '2007-08-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(124, 129, 24, NULL, '2007-12-06 00:00:00', '2007-12-06 00:00:00', '2007-12-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(125, 129, 30, NULL, NULL, '2007-12-13 00:00:00', '2007-12-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(126, 130, 8, '2007-08-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(127, 130, 22, NULL, NULL, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(128, 130, 23, '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(129, 130, 24, NULL, '2008-09-30 00:00:00', '2008-09-30 00:00:00', '2008-09-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(130, 130, 30, NULL, NULL, '2008-03-03 00:00:00', '2008-03-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(131, 20, 8, '1995-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-09-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(132, 20, 22, NULL, NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Environmental and feed approval denied as the importation of living potato is denied due to phytosanitary restrictions.', NULL, NULL),
(133, 20, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For BT6 only', NULL, NULL),
(134, 20, 24, NULL, '1996-03-20 00:00:00', '1996-03-20 00:00:00', '1996-03-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(135, 20, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-05 00:00:00', '2003-12-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'BT16 only.; Renewed December 5, 2008.', NULL, NULL),
(136, 20, 41, '1995-03-02 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(137, 122, 8, '2006-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-06-07 00:00:00', '2006-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(138, 126, 8, '2007-03-21 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-02-27 00:00:00', '2007-03-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(139, 29, 4, NULL, '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(140, 29, 8, NULL, NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(141, 29, 22, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(142, 29, 24, NULL, '1996-09-28 00:00:00', '1996-09-28 00:00:00', '1996-09-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(143, 29, 41, '1994-02-15 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(144, 67, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(145, 127, 41, '2007-06-27 00:00:00', '2009-01-16 00:00:00', '2009-01-16 00:00:00', '2009-01-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(146, 49, 41, '1998-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(147, 76, 8, NULL, NULL, '2002-02-05 00:00:00', '2002-02-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(148, 110, 4, NULL, NULL, '2005-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(149, 110, 24, NULL, '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(150, 110, 41, NULL, '2005-07-07 00:00:00', '2005-07-07 00:00:00', '2005-07-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(151, 140, 4, NULL, NULL, '2009-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(152, 140, 41, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(153, 38, 8, NULL, NULL, '1998-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Will not be used as animal feed. No application has been received for environmental release. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(154, 38, 41, '1996-06-14 00:00:00', '1994-12-01 00:00:00', '1994-12-01 00:00:00', '1994-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(155, 78, 8, '2006-06-19 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-06-28 00:00:00', '2006-06-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(156, 78, 22, '2008-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-08-17 00:00:00', '2008-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(157, 78, 41, '2004-10-20 00:00:00', '2004-06-28 00:00:00', '2004-06-28 00:00:00', '2004-06-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(158, 95, 4, NULL, NULL, '2005-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(159, 95, 8, '2005-11-18 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-11-18 00:00:00', '2005-11-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Authorization for unconfined release into the environment and livestock feed use limited to one year (expires 18 November 2006). Renewal conditional upon submission of additional research results on corn rootworm resistance management.', NULL, NULL),
(160, 95, 9, NULL, '2006-12-20 00:00:00', '2006-12-20 00:00:00', '2006-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(161, 95, 10, NULL, NULL, '2011-05-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(162, 95, 15, NULL, '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(163, 95, 22, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(164, 95, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-10-13 00:00:00', '2005-12-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(165, 95, 24, NULL, '2004-12-06 00:00:00', '2004-12-06 00:00:00', '2004-12-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(166, 95, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-08-09 00:00:00', '2006-08-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(167, 95, 38, NULL, NULL, '2005-12-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(168, 95, 41, '2005-09-23 00:00:00', '2004-09-28 00:00:00', '2004-09-28 00:00:00', '2004-09-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(169, 117, 8, '2005-12-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(170, 117, 15, NULL, '2009-10-30 00:00:00', '2009-10-30 00:00:00', '2009-10-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(171, 117, 22, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-12-15 00:00:00', '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(172, 117, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-01-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(173, 117, 24, NULL, '2006-08-04 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(174, 117, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-12-20 00:00:00', '2006-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(175, 118, 8, '2006-01-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(176, 118, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(177, 118, 22, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-12-15 00:00:00', '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(178, 118, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-01-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(179, 118, 24, NULL, '2006-08-04 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(180, 118, 30, NULL, NULL, '2007-02-07 00:00:00', '2007-02-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(181, 7, 4, NULL, NULL, '2002-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(182, 7, 8, '1997-03-10 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-04-01 00:00:00', '1997-03-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(183, 7, 22, '1999-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(184, 7, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-02-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(185, 7, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-22 00:00:00', '2003-10-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(186, 7, 38, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Authorization expired October 16, 2008.', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(187, 7, 41, '1997-03-28 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(188, 17, 8, '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-02-01 00:00:00', '1996-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(189, 139, 4, NULL, NULL, '2010-02-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(190, 139, 8, '2009-04-28 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-04-28 00:00:00', '2009-04-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(191, 139, 24, NULL, '2008-09-03 00:00:00', '2008-09-03 00:00:00', '2008-09-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(192, 139, 41, '2010-06-09 00:00:00', '2009-01-15 00:00:00', '2009-01-15 00:00:00', '2009-01-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(193, 133, 4, NULL, NULL, '2010-02-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(194, 133, 8, '2009-08-26 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-08-26 00:00:00', '2009-08-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(195, 133, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(196, 133, 22, '2009-06-08 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-06-08 00:00:00', '2009-06-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(197, 133, 23, NULL, NULL, NULL, '2009-11-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(198, 133, 24, NULL, '2008-08-21 00:00:00', '2008-08-21 00:00:00', '2008-08-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(199, 133, 30, NULL, NULL, '2009-11-26 00:00:00', '2009-11-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(200, 133, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-05-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Approval valid until May 11, 2014.', NULL, NULL),
(201, 133, 41, '2008-07-24 00:00:00', '2007-09-21 00:00:00', '2007-09-21 00:00:00', '2007-09-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(202, 146, 15, '2010-01-01 00:00:00', '2010-01-01 00:00:00', '2010-01-01 00:00:00', '2010-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(203, 131, 4, NULL, '2008-03-13 00:00:00', '2008-03-13 00:00:00', '2008-03-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(204, 131, 8, '2008-03-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2008-03-12 00:00:00', '2008-03-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(205, 131, 24, NULL, '2008-01-01 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(206, 131, 30, NULL, '2008-02-07 00:00:00', '2008-02-07 00:00:00', '2008-02-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(207, 131, 32, NULL, NULL, '2010-04-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(208, 131, 41, '2011-02-11 00:00:00', '2007-08-07 00:00:00', '2007-08-07 00:00:00', '2007-08-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(209, 136, 8, '2009-08-26 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-08-26 00:00:00', '2009-08-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(210, 136, 23, NULL, '2010-03-03 00:00:00', '2010-03-03 00:00:00', '2010-03-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(211, 136, 41, '2009-12-09 00:00:00', '2008-09-09 00:00:00', '2008-09-09 00:00:00', '2008-09-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(212, 143, 20, '2006-05-02 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(213, 3, 8, '1996-04-12 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-07-01 00:00:00', '1996-04-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(214, 61, 8, NULL, NULL, '1995-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Not fed to animals. Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(215, 61, 22, '1996-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(216, 61, 24, '1995-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(217, 61, 41, '1992-10-19 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(218, 8, 8, '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-02-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(219, 8, 41, '1999-05-19 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(220, 41, 4, NULL, NULL, '2000-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(221, 41, 8, '2000-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2000-10-03 00:00:00', '2000-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(222, 41, 22, '1999-05-13 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-02-27 00:00:00', '2000-03-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(223, 41, 41, '1997-05-27 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(224, 1, 2, '1998-10-08 00:00:00', '2005-08-22 00:00:00', '2005-08-22 00:00:00', '2005-08-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(225, 1, 4, NULL, NULL, '2000-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(226, 1, 7, '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(227, 1, 8, '1998-04-28 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-05-13 00:00:00', '1998-07-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(228, 1, 9, NULL, '2004-02-23 00:00:00', '2004-02-23 00:00:00', '2004-02-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(229, 1, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(230, 1, 15, NULL, NULL, '2006-01-13 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(231, 1, 22, '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-11-01 00:00:00', '1999-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(232, 1, 23, NULL, NULL, '2002-09-22 00:00:00', '2005-03-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(233, 1, 24, NULL, '2002-05-24 00:00:00', '2002-05-24 00:00:00', '2002-05-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(234, 1, 30, '2009-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-11-20 00:00:00', '2003-11-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(235, 1, 32, NULL, NULL, '2007-01-01 00:00:00', '2007-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(236, 1, 38, NULL, NULL, '2003-07-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(237, 1, 40, '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(238, 1, 41, '1997-11-18 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(239, 1, 42, NULL, '2002-10-15 00:00:00', '2002-10-15 00:00:00', '2002-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(240, 106, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 6 October 2004.  Notification expired on 18 April 2007, no application for renewal thus authorisation no longer valid.', NULL, NULL),
(241, 106, 22, NULL, '2003-01-01 00:00:00', '2003-01-01 00:00:00', '2003-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(242, 106, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(243, 106, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-11-16 00:00:00', '2004-11-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(244, 106, 42, NULL, '2003-12-15 00:00:00', '2003-12-15 00:00:00', '2003-12-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(245, 141, 4, NULL, NULL, '2009-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(246, 141, 7, '2010-12-16 00:00:00', '2010-12-16 00:00:00', '2010-12-16 00:00:00', '2010-12-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(247, 141, 8, NULL, NULL, '2008-04-13 00:00:00', '2008-04-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(248, 141, 23, NULL, '2010-10-25 00:00:00', '2010-10-25 00:00:00', '2010-10-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(249, 141, 24, NULL, '2008-09-22 00:00:00', '2008-09-22 00:00:00', '2008-09-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(250, 141, 41, '2009-05-26 00:00:00', '2008-09-29 00:00:00', '2008-09-29 00:00:00', '2008-09-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(251, 19, 8, '1996-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-09-01 00:00:00', '1997-10-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(252, 19, 22, '2006-05-29 13:40:39', NULL, '2001-09-14 00:00:00', '2001-09-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(253, 19, 41, '2003-01-02 00:00:00', '2002-09-04 00:00:00', '2002-09-04 00:00:00', '2002-09-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(254, 23, 4, '2003-12-18 00:00:00', NULL, '2000-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(255, 23, 8, '1995-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1994-11-01 00:00:00', '1995-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(256, 23, 9, NULL, '2004-04-13 00:00:00', '2004-04-13 00:00:00', '2004-04-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(257, 23, 15, NULL, NULL, '1997-11-10 00:00:00', '2005-08-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 31 August 2004.  Authorised by decision of the European Commission on June 22nd, 2005 (active: 31/08/2005)', NULL, NULL),
(258, 23, 22, '1996-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-09-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(259, 23, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-30 00:00:00', '2005-06-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(260, 23, 24, NULL, '1996-09-18 00:00:00', '1996-09-18 00:00:00', '1996-09-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(261, 23, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-22 00:00:00', '2003-10-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(262, 23, 41, '1999-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Event RT73 authorized in the US is identical to GT73 that was previously authorized in Canada.', NULL, NULL),
(263, 21, 2, '1996-03-07 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-03-25 00:00:00', '1996-03-25 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(264, 21, 4, NULL, NULL, '2000-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(265, 21, 7, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, 'Decision was reversed by the courts, reinstatement pending.', NULL, NULL),
(266, 21, 8, '1995-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-04-01 00:00:00', '1995-06-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(267, 21, 9, NULL, '2004-02-23 00:00:00', '2004-02-23 00:00:00', '2004-02-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(268, 21, 10, NULL, '2005-12-30 00:00:00', '2005-12-30 00:00:00', '2005-12-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(269, 21, 11, NULL, NULL, '2001-12-06 00:00:00', '2001-12-06 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(270, 21, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For the importation, storage and use for processing to non-variable soybean fractions suitable for use in animal feeds, food and other products.; Notified as an existing product on 13 July 2004', NULL, NULL),
(271, 21, 19, NULL, NULL, '1996-06-01 00:00:00', '1996-06-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(272, 21, 22, '1996-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-09-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(273, 21, 23, NULL, NULL, '2000-06-05 00:00:00', '2004-05-18 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(274, 21, 24, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, 'Date shown is the date of latest approval.', NULL, NULL),
(275, 21, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-07-22 00:00:00', '2003-07-22 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(276, 21, 31, '2004-10-01 00:00:00', '2004-10-01 00:00:00', '2004-10-01 00:00:00', '2004-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(277, 21, 32, NULL, NULL, '1999-07-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'This is the first licence for the import of genetically modified food into Russia. Approval for importation and food use of GTS 40-3-2 is until July 2002. It has not been given approval for planting.', NULL, NULL),
(278, 21, 37, NULL, NULL, '1996-06-01 00:00:00', '1996-06-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(279, 21, 38, NULL, NULL, '2002-07-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(280, 21, 40, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, 'Date shown is the date of latest approval.', NULL, NULL),
(281, 21, 41, '1994-05-19 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', '1994-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(282, 21, 42, '2001-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-12-20 00:00:00', '2001-12-20 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(283, 46, 4, NULL, '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(284, 46, 22, NULL, NULL, '2003-05-06 12:22:04', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(285, 46, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-10-21 00:00:00', '2004-10-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(286, 46, 41, '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(287, 42, 41, '1998-10-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(288, 94, 4, NULL, NULL, '2005-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(289, 94, 8, '2005-09-13 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-08-31 00:00:00', '2005-09-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(290, 94, 10, NULL, NULL, '2005-12-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(291, 94, 15, NULL, '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(292, 94, 22, '2007-04-24 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-06-30 00:00:00', '2007-04-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(293, 94, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-04-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(294, 94, 24, NULL, '2006-05-19 00:00:00', '2006-05-19 00:00:00', '2006-05-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(295, 94, 30, NULL, NULL, '2005-07-28 00:00:00', '2005-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(296, 94, 41, '2005-03-04 00:00:00', '2004-08-07 00:00:00', '2004-08-07 00:00:00', '2004-08-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(297, 33, 8, '1995-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-02-01 00:00:00', '1995-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(298, 33, 22, '1997-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(299, 33, 41, '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(300, 22, 4, '2003-07-25 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-10-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(301, 22, 8, '1995-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-02-01 00:00:00', '1995-02-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(302, 22, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(303, 22, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Notification as an existing product on 11 October 2004.  Notification expired on 18 April 2007, no application for renewal thus authorisation no longer valid.', NULL, NULL),
(304, 22, 22, '1996-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-09-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(305, 22, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-08-24 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(306, 22, 24, NULL, '1999-02-22 00:00:00', '1999-02-22 00:00:00', '1999-02-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(307, 22, 41, '2002-12-23 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-04-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(308, 22, 42, NULL, '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(309, 81, 8, '1998-04-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '1998-04-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Unconfined release into the environment of the B. rapa hybrid line HCR-1 is authorized in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Its use as livestock feed is authorized throughout Canada.', NULL, NULL),
(310, 123, 8, NULL, NULL, '2006-11-16 00:00:00', '2006-10-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(311, 71, 8, NULL, NULL, '1998-06-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(312, 109, 4, NULL, NULL, '2006-12-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(313, 109, 8, '2005-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-07-28 00:00:00', '2005-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not intended for commercial planting or seed production', NULL, NULL),
(314, 109, 22, '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-10-14 00:00:00', '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(315, 109, 23, NULL, NULL, '2007-10-25 00:00:00', '2007-10-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(316, 109, 24, NULL, '2005-01-31 00:00:00', '2005-01-31 00:00:00', '2005-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(317, 109, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-08-09 00:00:00', '2006-08-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(318, 109, 41, NULL, '2004-12-08 00:00:00', '2004-12-08 00:00:00', '2004-12-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'USDA has returned glyphosate tolerant alfalfa to regulated status in compliance with preliminary court injunction of March 12 2007', NULL, NULL),
(319, 82, 4, '2006-08-08 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(320, 82, 7, '2008-08-21 00:00:00', '2008-08-21 00:00:00', '2008-08-21 00:00:00', '2008-08-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(321, 82, 8, NULL, NULL, '2004-08-31 00:00:00', '2004-08-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(322, 82, 9, NULL, '2006-12-20 00:00:00', '2006-12-20 00:00:00', '2006-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(323, 82, 15, NULL, '2008-10-29 00:00:00', '2008-10-29 00:00:00', '2008-10-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(324, 82, 22, NULL, NULL, '2004-06-28 00:00:00', '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(325, 82, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-12-07 00:00:00', '2005-12-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(326, 82, 24, NULL, '2006-08-04 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', '2006-08-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(327, 82, 41, '2003-03-21 00:00:00', '2003-04-03 00:00:00', '2003-04-03 00:00:00', '2003-04-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(328, 120, 22, '2007-01-29 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-08-15 00:00:00', '2007-01-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Provision as food, provision as feed, processing, storage, transportation, disposal and acts incidental to them', NULL, NULL),
(329, 120, 23, NULL, NULL, '2007-07-04 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(330, 120, 24, NULL, '2008-09-30 00:00:00', '2008-09-30 00:00:00', '2008-09-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(331, 55, 4, NULL, NULL, '2008-10-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For LLRICE62 only', NULL, NULL),
(332, 55, 8, NULL, NULL, '2006-06-07 00:00:00', '2006-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for Event LLrice62 only.', NULL, NULL),
(333, 55, 10, NULL, NULL, '2008-12-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For LLRICE62 only', NULL, NULL),
(334, 55, 24, NULL, '2007-03-28 00:00:00', '2007-03-28 00:00:00', '2007-03-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For LLRICE62 only', NULL, NULL),
(335, 55, 41, '1999-03-01 00:00:00', '2000-08-30 00:00:00', '2000-08-30 00:00:00', '2000-08-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(336, 124, 10, NULL, NULL, '2008-09-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(337, 124, 41, '2006-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'USDA approval granted as an extension to determination of nonregulated status issued to rice lines LLRICE06 and LLRICE62', NULL, NULL),
(338, 111, 4, NULL, NULL, '2007-08-02 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(339, 111, 8, '2006-07-21 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-07-12 00:00:00', '2006-07-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(340, 111, 10, NULL, NULL, '2009-11-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(341, 111, 22, '2007-08-23 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-04-12 00:00:00', '2007-04-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(342, 111, 24, NULL, NULL, NULL, '2007-07-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(343, 111, 30, NULL, '2006-05-19 00:00:00', '2006-05-19 00:00:00', '2006-05-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(344, 111, 38, NULL, NULL, '2006-11-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(345, 111, 41, '2006-01-23 00:00:00', '2005-09-30 00:00:00', '2005-09-30 00:00:00', '2005-09-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(346, 137, 2, '2011-05-19 00:00:00', '2010-10-18 00:00:00', '2010-10-18 00:00:00', '2010-10-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(347, 137, 4, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(348, 137, 7, '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(349, 137, 8, '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2010-03-24 00:00:00', '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(350, 137, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-28 00:00:00', '2010-12-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(351, 137, 22, '2010-06-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2010-01-21 00:00:00', '2010-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(352, 137, 23, NULL, NULL, '2010-10-25 00:00:00', '2010-10-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(353, 137, 24, NULL, '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(354, 137, 30, NULL, NULL, '2010-02-11 00:00:00', '2010-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(355, 137, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-04-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Approval valid until April 20, 2014.', NULL, NULL),
(356, 137, 41, '2010-04-20 00:00:00', '2008-12-09 00:00:00', '2008-12-09 00:00:00', '2008-12-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(357, 113, 2, '2012-03-15 00:00:00', NULL, '2012-03-15 00:00:00', '2012-03-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(358, 113, 4, NULL, NULL, '2006-08-03 16:29:12', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(359, 113, 8, '2007-07-20 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-07-04 00:00:00', '2007-07-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(360, 113, 9, NULL, '2008-08-28 00:00:00', '2008-08-28 00:00:00', '2008-08-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Expiration date: 28 August 2011', NULL, NULL),
(361, 113, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(362, 113, 15, NULL, '2009-11-30 00:00:00', '2009-11-30 00:00:00', '2009-11-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(363, 113, 22, '2007-08-23 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-08-17 00:00:00', '2007-08-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(364, 113, 23, NULL, NULL, '2007-03-07 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(365, 113, 24, NULL, '2007-10-08 00:00:00', '2007-10-08 00:00:00', '2007-10-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(366, 113, 30, NULL, '2007-11-15 00:00:00', '2007-11-15 00:00:00', '2007-11-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(367, 113, 32, NULL, NULL, '2007-01-01 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(368, 113, 38, NULL, NULL, '2007-10-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(369, 113, 41, '2007-03-16 00:00:00', '2007-01-30 00:00:00', '2007-01-30 00:00:00', '2007-01-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(370, 128, 22, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(371, 128, 23, '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(372, 128, 24, NULL, '2007-12-12 00:00:00', '2007-12-12 00:00:00', '2007-12-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(373, 128, 30, NULL, NULL, '2007-12-13 00:00:00', '2007-12-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(374, 77, 4, '2002-09-25 00:00:00', NULL, '2002-10-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Commercial production limited to New South Wales and southern Queensland.', NULL, NULL),
(375, 77, 6, '2008-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(376, 77, 7, '2009-05-21 00:00:00', '2009-05-21 00:00:00', '2009-05-21 00:00:00', '2009-05-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(377, 77, 8, NULL, NULL, '2003-06-27 00:00:00', '2003-06-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(378, 77, 9, NULL, '2006-07-20 00:00:00', '2006-07-20 00:00:00', '2006-07-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(379, 77, 10, NULL, NULL, '2009-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(380, 77, 15, NULL, '2005-04-14 00:00:00', '2005-04-14 00:00:00', '2005-04-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 18 April 2005.', NULL, NULL),
(381, 77, 20, '2006-05-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(382, 77, 22, NULL, NULL, '2002-10-01 00:00:00', '2003-03-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(383, 77, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-09-30 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(384, 77, 24, NULL, '2003-09-15 00:00:00', '2003-09-15 00:00:00', '2003-09-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(385, 77, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-05 00:00:00', '2003-12-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(386, 77, 41, '2002-11-05 00:00:00', '2002-07-16 00:00:00', '2002-07-16 00:00:00', '2002-07-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(387, 77, 42, '2003-12-15 00:00:00', '2003-12-01 00:00:00', '2003-12-01 00:00:00', '2003-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(388, 52, 2, '1999-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-04-21 00:00:00', '2001-04-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Environmental approval for line 1445. Permit No. SAGPyA Nº 32.', NULL, NULL),
(389, 52, 4, '2000-09-14 00:00:00', NULL, '2000-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(390, 52, 7, '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(391, 52, 8, NULL, NULL, '1996-12-19 00:00:00', '1996-12-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(392, 52, 9, NULL, '2004-02-24 00:00:00', '2004-02-24 00:00:00', '2004-02-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 1445, only; Approval for 1445 renewed on 28 August 2008, valid until 28 August 2013.', NULL, NULL),
(393, 52, 10, '2003-10-27 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-10-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 1445 only', NULL, NULL),
(394, 52, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 18-April-2005.', NULL, NULL),
(395, 52, 22, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(396, 52, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-09-30 00:00:00', '2004-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(397, 52, 24, NULL, '2000-07-17 00:00:00', '2000-07-17 00:00:00', '2000-07-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(398, 52, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-05 00:00:00', '2003-12-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '1445 only.', NULL, NULL),
(399, 52, 41, '1995-07-11 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(400, 52, 42, '2000-06-01 00:00:00', '2000-06-01 00:00:00', '2000-06-01 00:00:00', '2000-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 1445 only', NULL, NULL),
(401, 115, 4, '2006-02-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(402, 115, 10, NULL, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(403, 115, 22, NULL, NULL, '2005-04-07 00:00:00', '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_authorizations` (`id`, `eventId`, `countryId`, `environment`, `foodfeed`, `food`, `feed`, `marketing`, `pending`, `notes`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(404, 115, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-07-04 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(405, 115, 24, NULL, '2006-02-17 00:00:00', '2006-02-17 00:00:00', '2006-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(406, 115, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-04-20 17:13:48', '2006-04-20 17:13:48', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(407, 115, 42, '2007-11-01 00:00:00', '2007-11-01 00:00:00', '2007-11-01 00:00:00', '2007-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(408, 14, 2, '1998-05-29 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-07-16 00:00:00', '1998-07-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531;', NULL, NULL),
(409, 14, 4, '1996-01-29 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-01-29 00:00:00', '1996-01-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531; Date shown is the date of latest approval.', NULL, NULL),
(410, 14, 7, '2005-03-17 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-03-17 00:00:00', '2005-03-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531 only', NULL, NULL),
(411, 14, 8, NULL, NULL, '1996-04-01 00:00:00', '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(412, 14, 9, NULL, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531; Approval for 531 renewed on 28 August 2008, valid until 28 August 2013.', NULL, NULL),
(413, 14, 10, '2003-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531', NULL, NULL),
(414, 14, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Line 531 notified as an existing product on 18 April 2005.', NULL, NULL),
(415, 14, 20, '2002-03-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(416, 14, 22, '1997-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(417, 14, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-04-29 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(418, 14, 24, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531; Date shown is the date of latest approval.', NULL, NULL),
(419, 14, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-02-05 00:00:00', '2004-02-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531 only.', NULL, NULL),
(420, 14, 41, '1995-06-22 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', '1995-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(421, 14, 42, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval for line 531', NULL, NULL),
(422, 79, 10, NULL, NULL, '2004-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(423, 79, 41, NULL, '2004-07-22 00:00:00', '2004-07-22 00:00:00', '2004-07-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(424, 51, 41, '1995-08-22 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(425, 5, 8, '1997-03-26 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-09-01 00:00:00', '1997-03-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(426, 5, 22, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(427, 5, 41, '1997-05-27 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(428, 12, 8, '1996-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-11-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(429, 12, 22, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(430, 12, 41, '1996-03-15 00:00:00', '1996-03-15 00:00:00', '1996-03-15 00:00:00', '1996-03-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(431, 9, 2, '1998-05-25 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-07-16 00:00:00', '1998-07-16 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(432, 9, 4, NULL, NULL, '2000-11-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(433, 9, 7, '2007-08-16 00:00:00', '2007-08-16 00:00:00', '2007-08-16 00:00:00', '2007-08-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(434, 9, 8, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-02-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(435, 9, 9, NULL, '2004-02-23 00:00:00', '2004-02-23 00:00:00', '2004-02-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(436, 9, 10, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(437, 9, 15, '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-06-01 00:00:00', '1998-06-01 00:00:00', '1998-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 12 July 2004.', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(438, 9, 22, '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(439, 9, 23, NULL, NULL, '2002-09-22 00:00:00', '2004-12-06 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(440, 9, 24, NULL, '2002-11-06 00:00:00', '2002-11-06 00:00:00', '2002-11-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(441, 9, 30, '2002-12-15 00:00:00', NULL, '2002-12-15 00:00:00', '2002-12-04 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(442, 9, 37, NULL, NULL, '2000-09-01 00:00:00', '2000-09-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(443, 9, 38, NULL, NULL, '2002-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(444, 9, 40, '2003-06-30 00:00:00', '2003-06-30 00:00:00', '2003-06-30 00:00:00', '2003-06-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(445, 9, 41, '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', '1996-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(446, 9, 42, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-04-22 00:00:00', NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(447, 112, 22, '2007-11-20 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-11-12 00:00:00', '2007-11-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(448, 112, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-08-09 13:35:28', '2006-08-09 13:38:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(449, 114, 8, '2006-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(450, 114, 10, NULL, NULL, '2011-05-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(451, 114, 22, NULL, NULL, '2005-11-10 13:26:15', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(452, 114, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-07-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(453, 114, 24, NULL, '2006-04-06 00:00:00', '2006-04-06 00:00:00', '2006-04-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(454, 114, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-07-03 15:24:37', '2006-07-03 15:25:08', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(455, 114, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(456, 72, 8, NULL, NULL, '1997-09-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Application for environmental release and feed approval withdrawn by proponent', NULL, NULL),
(457, 75, 4, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(458, 75, 8, '2003-03-12 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-03-12 00:00:00', '2003-03-12 00:00:00', '2001-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(459, 75, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(460, 75, 10, NULL, NULL, '2011-05-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(461, 75, 15, NULL, NULL, '2006-01-13 00:00:00', '2005-08-08 00:00:00', '2001-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, 'Import and use as feed were approved by decision of the EU commission on August 8th, 2005.  Use as food was approved by decision of the EU commission on January 13th, 2006.', NULL, NULL),
(462, 75, 22, NULL, NULL, '2002-02-21 00:00:00', '2002-02-28 00:00:00', '2001-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(463, 75, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-09-30 00:00:00', '2004-09-17 00:00:00', '2001-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(464, 75, 24, NULL, '2003-10-07 00:00:00', '2003-10-07 00:00:00', '2003-10-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(465, 75, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-07 00:00:00', '2003-10-07 00:00:00', '2001-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(466, 75, 38, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(467, 75, 41, '2003-02-25 00:00:00', '2001-12-31 00:00:00', '2001-12-31 00:00:00', '2001-12-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(468, 100, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 11 October 2004.  Import and processing were approved by decision of the EU commission on January 13th, 2006.', NULL, NULL),
(469, 100, 22, '2004-06-01 00:00:00', '2004-06-01 00:00:00', '2004-06-01 00:00:00', '2004-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(470, 100, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(471, 100, 24, NULL, '2006-08-01 00:00:00', '2006-08-01 00:00:00', '2006-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(472, 100, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-11-16 00:00:00', '2004-11-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(473, 102, 8, '2004-06-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(474, 102, 22, '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(475, 102, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(476, 102, 24, NULL, '2006-08-01 00:00:00', '2006-08-01 00:00:00', '2006-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(477, 102, 30, NULL, NULL, '2005-02-07 00:00:00', '2004-11-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(478, 102, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-03-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(479, 101, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 13 October 2004', NULL, NULL),
(480, 101, 22, '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(481, 101, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(482, 101, 24, NULL, '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(483, 101, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-11-16 00:00:00', '2004-11-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(484, 101, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-05-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Approval valid until May 25, 2014.', NULL, NULL),
(485, 147, 8, '2010-12-17 00:00:00', NULL, '2011-01-20 00:00:00', '2010-12-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(486, 147, 10, NULL, NULL, '2011-05-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(487, 147, 41, '2011-12-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(488, 148, 8, '2010-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, '2010-10-15 00:00:00', '2010-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(489, 148, 41, '2011-10-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(490, 149, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(491, 96, 2, '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(492, 96, 4, NULL, NULL, '2006-08-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(493, 96, 8, '2006-02-20 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-02-17 00:00:00', '2006-06-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Authorization for unconfined release into the environment and livestock feed use expires 1 April 2007.  Renewal conditional upon submission of additional research results on corn rootworm resistance management.', NULL, NULL),
(494, 96, 9, NULL, '2007-12-20 00:00:00', '2007-12-20 00:00:00', '2007-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval valid until 20 December 2010.', NULL, NULL),
(495, 96, 10, NULL, NULL, '2011-05-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(496, 96, 15, NULL, '2009-10-30 00:00:00', '2009-10-30 00:00:00', '2009-10-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(497, 96, 22, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(498, 96, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-04-07 00:00:00', '2006-10-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(499, 96, 24, NULL, '2006-03-28 00:00:00', '2006-03-28 00:00:00', '2006-03-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(500, 96, 30, NULL, '2006-03-08 00:00:00', '2006-03-08 00:00:00', '2006-03-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(501, 96, 38, NULL, NULL, '2006-03-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(502, 96, 41, '2005-12-14 00:00:00', '2005-01-05 00:00:00', '2005-01-05 00:00:00', '2005-01-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(503, 97, 4, '2006-02-16 00:00:00', NULL, '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Environmental release restricted to south of latitude 22 º S', NULL, NULL),
(504, 97, 8, NULL, NULL, '2005-11-16 00:00:00', '2005-11-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Not grown in Canada. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(505, 97, 9, NULL, '2007-12-20 00:00:00', '2007-12-20 00:00:00', '2007-12-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval valid until 20 December 2010.', NULL, NULL),
(506, 97, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(507, 97, 22, NULL, NULL, '2005-04-07 00:00:00', '2006-02-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(508, 97, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-04-07 00:00:00', '2006-10-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(509, 97, 24, NULL, '2006-02-15 00:00:00', '2006-02-15 00:00:00', '2006-02-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(510, 97, 30, NULL, '2005-11-29 00:00:00', '2005-11-29 00:00:00', '2005-11-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(511, 97, 41, '2004-12-20 00:00:00', '2005-03-07 00:00:00', '2005-03-07 00:00:00', '2005-03-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(512, 97, 42, '2007-02-01 00:00:00', '2007-02-01 00:00:00', '2007-02-01 00:00:00', '2007-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(513, 132, 2, '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(514, 132, 4, NULL, NULL, '2008-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(515, 132, 7, '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(516, 132, 8, '2008-06-19 00:00:00', NULL, '2008-05-18 00:00:00', '2008-06-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(517, 132, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(518, 132, 15, NULL, '2009-10-30 00:00:00', '2009-10-30 00:00:00', '2009-10-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(519, 132, 22, '2008-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-11-06 00:00:00', '2008-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(520, 132, 23, NULL, NULL, '2009-04-02 00:00:00', '2009-03-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(521, 132, 30, NULL, NULL, '2009-04-29 00:00:00', '2009-04-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(522, 132, 38, NULL, NULL, '2008-07-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(523, 132, 41, '2008-07-24 00:00:00', '2007-08-08 00:00:00', '2007-08-08 00:00:00', '2007-08-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(524, 134, 2, '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', '2010-10-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(525, 134, 10, NULL, NULL, '2011-05-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(526, 134, 22, NULL, '2008-02-12 00:00:00', '2008-02-12 00:00:00', '2008-02-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(527, 134, 23, NULL, NULL, '2009-07-28 00:00:00', '2009-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(528, 134, 24, NULL, '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(529, 134, 30, NULL, '2009-10-19 00:00:00', '2009-10-19 00:00:00', '2009-10-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(530, 134, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(531, 135, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(532, 135, 22, NULL, '2008-02-12 00:00:00', '2008-02-12 00:00:00', '2008-02-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(533, 135, 23, NULL, NULL, '2010-02-09 00:00:00', '2009-07-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(534, 135, 24, NULL, '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(535, 135, 30, NULL, NULL, '2009-07-22 00:00:00', '2009-07-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(536, 135, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(537, 85, 8, '2009-07-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Conditional authorization was granted until December 31, 2012.  No notification or review of this product was required by Health Canada, and no additional authorization was required by Animal Feed Division for livestock feed use.', NULL, NULL),
(538, 85, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(539, 85, 22, '2009-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-07-31 00:00:00', '2009-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(540, 85, 23, NULL, NULL, '2009-11-02 00:00:00', '2009-11-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(541, 85, 24, NULL, '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', '2010-01-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(542, 85, 30, NULL, '2010-02-09 00:00:00', '2010-02-09 00:00:00', '2010-02-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(543, 85, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-12-07 00:00:00', '2009-12-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(544, 85, 41, '2009-07-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Registration of MON89034 x TC1507 x MON88017 x DAS-59122-7 corn was granted by US EPA under Section 3(c)(7)(C) of FIFRA (EPA Reg. Numbers: 524-581 & 68467-7).  The registration will automatically expire at midnight on November 30, 2011.  This product did not require a determination of nonregulated status by USDA-APHIS or a review by US-FDA.', NULL, NULL),
(545, 125, 4, NULL, '2008-07-10 00:00:00', '2008-07-10 00:00:00', '2008-07-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(546, 125, 8, '2007-07-03 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-06-27 00:00:00', '2007-07-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(547, 125, 9, NULL, '2008-08-28 00:00:00', '2008-08-28 00:00:00', '2008-08-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Expiration date: 28 August 2011', NULL, NULL),
(548, 125, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(549, 125, 15, NULL, '2008-12-04 00:00:00', '2008-12-04 00:00:00', '2008-12-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(550, 125, 22, '2008-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, '2007-11-12 00:00:00', '2008-01-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(551, 125, 23, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-27 00:00:00', '2009-01-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(552, 125, 24, NULL, '2008-07-27 00:00:00', '2008-07-27 00:00:00', '2008-07-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(553, 125, 30, NULL, '2007-11-16 00:00:00', '2007-11-16 00:00:00', '2007-11-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(554, 125, 38, NULL, NULL, '2007-12-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(555, 125, 41, '2007-08-02 00:00:00', '2007-01-30 00:00:00', '2007-01-30 00:00:00', '2007-01-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(556, 26, 4, '2003-07-25 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(557, 26, 8, '1995-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-09-01 00:00:00', '1995-05-01 00:00:00', '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(558, 26, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(559, 26, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notification as an existing product 7 October 2004.  Notification expired on 18 April 2007, no application for renewal thus authorisation no longer valid.', NULL, NULL),
(560, 26, 22, '1996-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1996-08-01 00:00:00', '1996-09-01 00:00:00', '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(561, 26, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-08-24 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(562, 26, 41, '2002-12-23 00:00:00', '1996-04-04 00:00:00', '1996-04-04 00:00:00', '1996-04-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Transformation events B91-4 (MS1), B93-101 (RF1)', NULL, NULL),
(563, 26, 42, NULL, '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(564, 65, 4, '2003-07-25 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(565, 65, 8, '1995-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-09-01 00:00:00', '1995-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(566, 65, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(567, 65, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 8 October 2004.  Notification expired on 18 April 2007, no application for renewal thus authorisation no longer valid.', NULL, NULL),
(568, 65, 22, '1997-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(569, 65, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-08-24 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(570, 65, 41, '2002-12-23 00:00:00', '1996-04-04 00:00:00', '1996-04-04 00:00:00', '1996-04-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(571, 65, 42, NULL, '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(572, 13, 8, '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-07-01 00:00:00', '1998-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(573, 13, 41, '1996-02-22 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(574, 66, 41, '1999-04-22 00:00:00', '2000-04-04 00:00:00', '2000-04-04 00:00:00', '2000-04-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(575, 27, 4, '2003-07-25 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(576, 27, 8, '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-03-01 00:00:00', '1996-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(577, 27, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(578, 27, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 5 October 2004.  Authorised by decision of the EU Commission  March 26 2007', NULL, NULL),
(579, 27, 22, '1998-07-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(580, 27, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-02-25 00:00:00', '2005-06-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(581, 27, 24, NULL, '2004-12-21 00:00:00', '2004-12-21 00:00:00', '2004-12-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(582, 27, 41, '1999-03-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', '1996-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(583, 27, 42, NULL, '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', '2001-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(584, 74, 2, '2004-07-13 00:00:00', '2004-07-13 00:00:00', '2004-07-13 00:00:00', '2004-07-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(585, 74, 4, NULL, NULL, '2002-05-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(586, 74, 7, '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', '2008-09-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(587, 74, 8, '2001-03-07 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-02-19 00:00:00', '2001-03-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(588, 74, 9, NULL, '2005-01-01 00:00:00', '2005-01-01 00:00:00', '2005-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval renewed on 20 December 2007, valid until 20 December 2010.', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(589, 74, 10, NULL, NULL, '2004-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(590, 74, 15, NULL, NULL, '2004-10-25 00:00:00', '2004-07-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Authorised by decision of the EU commission on July 19th, 2004 (to be effective on October 26th, 2004).', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(591, 74, 22, '2001-05-08 00:00:00', NULL, '2001-02-27 00:00:00', '2001-03-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(592, 74, 23, NULL, NULL, '2002-12-24 00:00:00', '2004-06-04 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(593, 74, 24, NULL, '2002-06-07 00:00:00', '2002-06-07 00:00:00', '2002-06-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(594, 74, 30, '2005-02-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '2003-09-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(595, 74, 35, NULL, '2009-01-14 00:00:00', '2009-01-14 00:00:00', '2009-01-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(596, 74, 38, NULL, NULL, '2003-04-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(597, 74, 40, '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(598, 74, 41, '2000-09-29 00:00:00', '2000-10-18 00:00:00', '2000-10-18 00:00:00', '2000-10-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(599, 74, 42, '2002-09-01 00:00:00', '2002-08-01 00:00:00', '2002-08-01 00:00:00', '2002-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(600, 103, 2, '2007-08-15 00:00:00', '2005-12-21 00:00:00', '2005-12-21 00:00:00', '2005-12-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(601, 103, 7, '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', '2009-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(602, 103, 8, '2001-06-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(603, 103, 10, NULL, NULL, '2009-11-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(604, 103, 15, NULL, '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 15 July 2004.  Full authorisation on 24 october 2007', NULL, NULL),
(605, 103, 22, '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(606, 103, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(607, 103, 24, NULL, '2004-03-03 00:00:00', '2004-03-03 00:00:00', '2004-03-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(608, 103, 30, '2005-07-19 00:00:00', NULL, '2004-11-16 00:00:00', '2004-11-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(609, 103, 35, NULL, '2009-01-14 00:00:00', '2009-01-14 00:00:00', '2009-01-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(610, 103, 38, NULL, NULL, '2009-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(611, 103, 40, '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(612, 103, 42, '2007-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-04-15 00:00:00', '2004-04-15 00:00:00', '2004-04-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(613, 145, 22, '2010-01-25 00:00:00', NULL, '2010-01-25 00:00:00', '2010-01-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(614, 24, 8, '1995-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1995-04-01 00:00:00', '1995-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(615, 73, 8, NULL, NULL, '2001-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(616, 4, 4, NULL, NULL, '2002-09-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(617, 4, 8, '1997-02-18 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-07-01 00:00:00', '1997-02-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(618, 4, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(619, 4, 22, '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-11-17 00:00:00', '1999-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(620, 4, 41, NULL, NULL, '1999-10-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(621, 37, 22, '1997-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(622, 36, 22, '1997-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(623, 91, 8, NULL, NULL, '2003-01-10 00:00:00', '2002-12-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(624, 54, 4, NULL, '2001-07-31 00:00:00', '2001-07-31 00:00:00', '2001-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(625, 54, 8, '1999-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-05-01 00:00:00', '1999-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(626, 54, 22, NULL, NULL, '2003-05-06 12:22:04', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(627, 54, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(628, 54, 24, NULL, '2001-09-26 00:00:00', '2001-09-26 00:00:00', '2001-09-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(629, 54, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-22 00:00:00', '2003-12-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Renewed December 22, 2008.', NULL, NULL),
(630, 54, 41, '1999-03-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(631, 53, 4, NULL, '2001-07-31 00:00:00', '2001-07-31 00:00:00', '2001-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(632, 53, 8, '1999-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-05-07 00:00:00', '1999-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(633, 53, 22, NULL, NULL, NULL, '2001-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(634, 53, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(635, 53, 24, NULL, '2001-09-26 00:00:00', '2001-09-26 00:00:00', '2001-09-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(636, 53, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-09-24 00:00:00', '2004-09-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(637, 53, 41, '1998-11-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(638, 89, 8, '2004-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, '2004-06-25 00:00:00', '2004-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(639, 47, 15, '1996-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'The consent to the placing on the market of the product does not cover its use as human food or animal feed since the submitted notification does not cover these aspects', NULL, NULL),
(640, 47, 41, '1997-10-07 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(641, 2, 8, '1998-03-03 00:00:00', NULL, '1999-11-12 00:00:00', '1999-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(642, 45, 8, '2001-01-09 00:00:00', NULL, '2000-11-20 00:00:00', '2001-01-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(643, 45, 22, NULL, NULL, '1999-11-01 00:00:00', '1999-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(644, 45, 41, '1998-04-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(645, 6, 2, '1998-02-11 00:00:00', NULL, '1998-06-23 00:00:00', '1998-06-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(646, 6, 4, NULL, '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(647, 6, 7, '2007-05-16 00:00:00', '2007-05-16 00:00:00', '2007-05-16 00:00:00', '2007-05-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(648, 6, 8, '1996-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-04-01 00:00:00', '1996-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(649, 6, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For T25 only. Approval renewed on 20 December 2006, valid until 20 December 2009.', NULL, NULL),
(650, 6, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For T25 only', NULL, NULL),
(651, 6, 15, '1998-06-02 00:00:00', '1998-08-01 00:00:00', '1998-08-01 00:00:00', '1998-08-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notification for line T25 (ACS-ZMØØ3-2)as an existing product on 1 October 2004.', NULL, NULL),
(652, 6, 22, '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(653, 6, 23, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-30 00:00:00', '2004-11-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For T25 only', NULL, NULL),
(654, 6, 24, NULL, '2007-04-27 00:00:00', '2007-04-27 00:00:00', '2007-04-27 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(655, 6, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-12-05 00:00:00', '2003-12-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For T25 only.', NULL, NULL),
(656, 6, 38, NULL, NULL, '2002-08-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'For T25 only.', NULL, NULL),
(657, 6, 41, '1995-06-22 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', '1995-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(658, 6, 42, NULL, '2001-09-15 00:00:00', '2001-09-15 00:00:00', '2001-09-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'For T25 only', NULL, NULL),
(659, 104, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-01-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(660, 104, 22, NULL, '2003-01-01 00:00:00', '2003-01-01 00:00:00', '2003-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(661, 32, 4, '2003-07-25 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', '2002-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(662, 32, 8, '1996-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-02-01 00:00:00', '1995-03-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(663, 32, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(664, 32, 15, NULL, '2009-03-10 00:00:00', '2009-03-10 00:00:00', '2009-03-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Renewal of authorisation is valid for 10 years (food and feed use only).', NULL, NULL),
(665, 32, 22, '1997-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', '1997-06-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(666, 32, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-02-25 00:00:00', '2005-06-29 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(667, 32, 24, NULL, '2001-09-20 00:00:00', '2001-09-20 00:00:00', '2001-09-20 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(668, 32, 41, '1998-01-29 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', '1998-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(669, 28, 2, '2005-03-15 00:00:00', '2005-03-15 00:00:00', '2005-03-15 00:00:00', '2005-03-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(670, 28, 4, NULL, NULL, '2003-07-31 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(671, 28, 7, '2008-12-01 00:00:00', '2008-12-11 00:00:00', '2008-12-11 00:00:00', '2008-12-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(672, 28, 8, '2002-10-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2002-10-11 00:00:00', '2002-10-11 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(673, 28, 9, NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Approval renewed on 20 December 2006, valid until 20 December 2009.', NULL, NULL),
(674, 28, 10, NULL, NULL, '2006-10-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(675, 28, 15, NULL, NULL, '2006-03-03 00:00:00', '2005-11-03 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(676, 28, 22, '2002-06-18 00:00:00', NULL, '2002-06-18 00:00:00', '2002-06-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(677, 28, 23, NULL, NULL, '2002-12-24 00:00:00', '2004-11-05 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(678, 28, 24, NULL, '2003-09-15 00:00:00', '2003-09-15 00:00:00', '2003-09-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(679, 28, 30, NULL, NULL, '2003-10-07 00:00:00', '2003-10-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(680, 28, 35, NULL, '2009-01-14 00:00:00', '2009-01-14 00:00:00', '2009-01-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(681, 28, 38, NULL, NULL, '2003-11-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(682, 28, 40, '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', '2011-06-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(683, 28, 41, '2001-06-14 00:00:00', '2001-06-08 00:00:00', '2001-06-08 00:00:00', '2001-06-08 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(684, 28, 42, NULL, '2002-12-01 00:00:00', '2002-12-01 00:00:00', '2002-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(685, 116, 8, '2006-01-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(686, 116, 22, '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, '2005-12-15 00:00:00', '2006-04-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(687, 116, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-01-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(688, 116, 24, NULL, '2006-05-26 00:00:00', '2006-05-26 00:00:00', '2006-05-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(689, 116, 30, NULL, NULL, '2007-01-23 00:00:00', '2007-01-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(690, 151, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(691, 152, 8, '2011-01-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '2011-01-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Stacked events are subject to 60-premarket notification to the CFIA.  Acknowledgement received from the CFIA of no requirement for further authorization for unconfined environmental release or use in livestock feed.', NULL, NULL),
(692, 152, 10, NULL, NULL, '2012-06-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(693, 105, 2, '2008-05-28 00:00:00', '2006-06-13 00:00:00', '2006-06-13 00:00:00', '2006-06-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(694, 105, 7, '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(695, 105, 8, '2006-01-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(696, 105, 10, NULL, NULL, '2010-02-09 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(697, 105, 15, NULL, '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', '2007-10-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(698, 105, 22, '2005-03-25 00:00:00', '2005-03-25 00:00:00', '2005-03-25 00:00:00', '2005-03-25 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(699, 105, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(700, 105, 24, NULL, '2004-12-13 00:00:00', '2004-12-13 00:00:00', '2004-12-13 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(701, 105, 30, NULL, NULL, '2006-02-17 00:00:00', '2006-02-17 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(702, 88, 8, '2004-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, '2004-06-25 00:00:00', '2004-06-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(703, 83, 41, '2002-09-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(704, 39, 41, '1996-07-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', '1998-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(705, 142, 41, '2009-09-02 00:00:00', '2008-12-24 00:00:00', '2008-12-24 00:00:00', '2008-12-24 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(706, 86, 8, '2005-08-12 00:00:00', NULL, '2003-05-03 00:00:00', '2005-04-14 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(707, 11, 8, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '1997-05-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Food safety approval was not required as Health Canada had determined that the product was not novel.', NULL, NULL),
(708, 30, 8, NULL, NULL, '1998-04-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Will not be used as animal feed. No application has been received for environmental release. Not subject to variety registration.', NULL, NULL),
(709, 30, 41, '1994-12-07 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', '1997-12-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(717, 166, 8, '2013-06-21 00:00:00', NULL, '2013-06-19 00:00:00', '2013-06-21 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-09 12:49:40', '2013-08-23 13:27:01'),
(716, 166, 41, '2013-06-11 00:00:00', NULL, '2013-03-22 00:00:00', '2013-03-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Combined food and feed review.', '2013-08-09 12:49:40', '2013-08-23 00:19:19'),
(721, 98, 4, NULL, NULL, '2005-04-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-23 12:52:24', '2013-08-30 15:20:01'),
(722, 99, 22, NULL, NULL, '2006-01-01 00:00:00', '2006-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:05:09', '2013-08-29 19:05:09'),
(723, 99, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-11-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:05:09', '2013-08-29 19:05:09'),
(724, 99, 24, NULL, NULL, '2005-02-28 00:00:00', '2005-02-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:05:09', '2013-08-29 19:05:09'),
(725, 98, 7, '2009-03-19 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-03-19 00:00:00', '2009-03-19 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:57:48', '2013-08-30 15:20:01'),
(726, 98, 22, NULL, NULL, '2005-02-01 00:00:00', '2005-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:57:48', '2013-08-30 15:20:01'),
(727, 98, 23, NULL, NULL, '2005-08-24 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:57:48', '2013-08-30 15:20:01'),
(728, 98, 24, NULL, NULL, '2007-09-07 00:00:00', '2007-09-07 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:57:48', '2013-08-30 15:20:01'),
(729, 98, 41, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, '2004-02-01 00:00:00', '2004-02-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-08-29 19:57:48', '2013-08-30 15:20:01'),
(730, 107, 24, NULL, '2002-04-06 00:00:00', '2002-04-06 00:00:00', '2002-04-06 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:53'),
(731, 107, 22, NULL, '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', '2004-12-10 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:53'),
(732, 107, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:53'),
(733, 107, 4, '2003-06-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(734, 107, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 18 April 2005.', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(735, 107, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(736, 107, 42, '2005-10-01 00:00:00', '2005-10-01 00:00:00', '2005-10-01 00:00:00', '2005-10-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(737, 107, 10, NULL, NULL, '2008-06-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(738, 107, 2, '2009-03-30 00:00:00', NULL, '2009-03-30 00:00:00', '2009-03-30 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(739, 107, 7, '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', '2009-10-15 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-08-30 16:46:54'),
(740, 108, 22, NULL, '2005-03-02 00:00:00', '2005-03-02 00:00:00', '2005-03-02 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(741, 108, 30, NULL, NULL, '2004-11-22 00:00:00', '2004-11-22 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(742, 108, 15, NULL, '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', '2005-04-18 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, 'Notified as an existing product on 18 April 2005.', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(743, 108, 23, NULL, NULL, '2004-01-01 00:00:00', '2008-01-01 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(744, 108, 4, '2002-09-23 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(745, 108, 24, NULL, '2006-10-16 00:00:00', '2006-10-16 00:00:00', '2006-10-16 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', NULL, '2013-09-02 13:13:42'),
(746, 119, 22, NULL, NULL, '2006-02-14 00:00:00', '2006-06-12 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-09-02 13:41:41', '2013-09-02 13:41:41'),
(747, 119, 23, NULL, NULL, '2006-11-28 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, NULL, '', '2013-09-02 13:41:41', '2013-09-02 13:41:41'),
(748, 119, 24, NULL, NULL, '2006-04-26 00:00:00', '2006-04-26 00:00:00', NULL, NULL, '', '2013-09-02 13:41:41', '2013-09-02 13:41:41'),
(749, 7, 15, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'To EU commission 6/98; Notification withdrawn 3/99.', '2013-09-02 14:23:30', '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(750, 7, 2, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Although originally authorized in 1998, the permit has since been withdrawn at the applicant''s request.', '2013-09-02 14:23:30', '2013-09-02 14:23:30'),
(751, 9, 26, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Food and feed use notification.', '2013-09-02 14:27:02', '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(752, 9, 19, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Food use notification.', '2013-09-02 14:27:02', '2013-09-02 14:27:02');

-- --------------------------------------------------------


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-- --------------------------------------------------------


INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_companies` (`id`, `eventId`, `companyId`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
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(177, 161, 7, NULL, NULL);

-- --------------------------------------------------------

INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_descriptions` (`id`, `eventId`, `short`, `long`, `source`, `trialCode`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(1, 1, 'Introduction, by particle bombardment, of a modified 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids.', '<!-- Generated by XStandard version 3.0.0.0 on 2012-10-23T14:40:19 --><p>A modified wild type maize gene which imparts field level tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup herbicide, was introduced into the GA21 corn line. <br>A plant-derived coding sequence expressing an optimized chloroplast transit peptide was fused to the modified maize gene. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated modified maize EPSPS enzyme into the chloroplast, the site of both the shikimate pathway and glyphosate mode-of-action. <br>The inserted gene codes for a version of the native 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids. The wild type version of this maize enzyme is sensitive to glyphosate. The herbicide disrupts this essential pathway, leading to growth suppression or death of the plant. A modified version of the plant enzyme was created with site directed mutagenesis. The altered enzyme is glyphosate tolerant and allows production of aromatic amino acids in the presence of the herbicide. The expression of the novel enzyme in the plant was quantified. <br>The expressed novel enzyme is a single polypeptide with a 99.3% sequence identity to the wild type. <br>The modified maize EPSPS (mEPSPS) was detected by western blot. Western blot data indicated that the EPSPS expression in the transformed plants was an order of magnitude higher than the non-transformed plants. A gene coding for the mEPSPS was expressed in bacteria and the resulting enzyme compared to the plant derived mEPSPS by Western blot. The enzymes expressed from the two sources were shown to be identical. The microbial derived enzyme was used to evaluate the enzyme kinetics, to perform toxicology studies and as a standard in the determination of protein expression from the modified plant. <br>The expression of the mEPSPS gene was evaluated in forage and in grain from plants at 5 field locations. Pooled grain samples from 9-16 ears were analyzed. Expression of EPSPS protein averaged 3.2 µg/ fresh weight and ranged from 1.4-4.9 µg/g fwt . Expression of the wild-type EPSPS in grain was undetectable at all sites. Expression of EPSPS protein in forage (entire plant minus the roots) averaged 118.7 µg/g fwt. and ranged from 46.6-210.4 µg/g fwt.. The wild type EPSPS was detected at 4 out of 5 sites but not at levels high enough to quantify. <br>The mEPSPS protein was not stable against digestion. The enzyme was completely digested within 15 seconds in simulated gastric fluid (pepsin) and within 1 minute in simulated intestinal fluid (pancreatin). Results were shown on western blots. <br>No toxicity from the protein was apparent in animal studies. A database of protein toxin sequences was assembled from public databases and compared to the amino acid sequence of the mEPSPS. Using the &quot;FASTA&quot; computer program, no biologically relevant sequence similarities were detected between mEPSPS and known toxins. A database of 219 allergen and gliadin sequences was constructed from public domain databases. No significant sequence similarities between mEPSPS and known allergens and gliadins were discovered. Data were presented that showed that the protein was not glycosylated, a property common to many allergens. EPSPS is an enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature, and therefore would not be expected to be toxic or allergenic.</p>', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(2, 2, 'Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate- lyase.', 'Imidazolinone herbicides are active against the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate- lyase. <br>This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the essential branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine and valine. Herbicide induced AHAS inhibition results in a lethal decrease in protein synthesis. Unmodified wheat is not tolerant to imidazolinones, while soybeans, peas, white beans and kidney beans are naturally tolerant to them. <br>Depending on the species, plants contain single or multiple copies of the AHAS genes. The genome of <i>T. aestivum</i> is believed to contain an AHAS multigene family. <br>Modifications of AHAS genes in various plant species can result in herbicide tolerant phenotypes and typically consist of one amino acid substitution, sufficient to alter the binding site for imidazolinones such that the herbicide no longer inhibits the AHAS enzyme. Several modified AHAS plants have been isolated. References to relevant scientific publications were provided by the proponent. <br>Cyanamid Crop Protection selected four <i>T. aestivum</i> lines FS1, FS2, FS3 and FS4, with altered AHAS enzymes not inhibited by the herbicide. SWP965001 is derived from FS2. <br>The novel imidazolinone tolerance is under the control of the native AHAS promoter and is believed to be constitutively expressed. The sequence of the modified AHAS gene was submitted for both the FS2 and FS4 lines. <br>The levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine produced in T. aestivum are regulated by feedback inhibition. Cyanamid Crop Protection has provided literature references and data to support the claim that modified AHAS does not affect feedback inhibition and hence, the regulation and the levels of theses amino acids. The original mutant line was isolated from a population derived by chemical- induced mutagenesis of seed of the winter wheat cultivar Fidel with sodium azide. Four imidazolinone-tolerant seedlings, FSI, FS2, FS3 and FS4, were selected in the presence of herbicide. SWP965001 is derived from the selection line FS2. <br>SWP965001 was derived from an initial cross of FS2 to the spring wheat cultivar Grandin, followed by two backcrosses to Grandin. As a result, 87.5% of the genetic information is from the Grandin parent and the remaining 12.5% is from Fidel.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(3, 3, 'Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethapyr, induced by chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS).', 'The EXP1910IT line of corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) was developed through chemical mutagenesis to be resistant to the activity of imidazolinone herbicides. The novel variety was developed from ICI Seed’s inbred line UE95 and was selected for a mutation within the acetolactate synthase gene that resulted in this enzyme being insensitive to the activity of imazethapyr, the active ingredient of the herbicide Pursuit®. <br>Acetolactate synthase (ALS, also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase; AHAS) is involved in the conversion of threonine to alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate to alpha-acetolactate, which are key precursors in the biosynthesis of the essential branched-chain amino acids isoleucine and valine, respectively. Alpha-acetolactate is also a precursor in the synthesis of leucine.  Disruption of branched-chain amino acid synthesis by inhibition of ALS results in disrupted protein and DNA synthesis and ultimately plant death.  The modified corn line permits farmers to use imidazolinone herbicides for weed control in the cultivation of corn.<br>The imazethapyr tolerant trait in line EXP1910IT was selected following chemical mutagenesis by exposing pollen to ethyl-methane sulfonate. Mutagenized pollen was then used to fertilize the parent line, UE95, and progeny plants were screened for tolerance to imazethapyr. Ethyl-methane sulfonate is a commonly used chemical mutagen that affects DNA by chemically altering base pairs. The tolerance to imazethapyr resulted from a single nucleotide substitution within the ALS encoding gene. This substitution resulted in a single amino acid change (serine21 to asparagine21) in the sequence of the enzyme, which prevented the binding of imazethapyr to the active site, thus maintaining normal enzyme activity. Data from several generations of backcrossing demonstrated stable inheritance of the novel trait.<br>Based on the information provided, there are no novel proteins produced in line EXP1910IT. The single amino acid change within the active site of the ALS enzyme did not otherwise affect its activity except to provide tolerance to the herbicide Pursuit® at concentrations up to 500 uM. Other than tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of EXP1910IT were comparable to unmodified UE95 corn.', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(4, 4, 'Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil and ioxynil by incorporation of the nitrilase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae.', '<p>The oxynil family of herbicides is active against dicotyledenous plants by blocking electron flow during the light reaction of photosynthesis.<br>One gene from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies ozaenae has been introduced into the canola variety Westar providing a field level of tolerance to oxynil herbicides.<br>The gene codes for a bacterial enzyme, nitrilase, which hydrolyses ioxynil and bromoxynil into non-phytotoxic compounds.<br>The expression of the nitrilase gene is linked to a promoter and an enhancer which control gene expression. The nitrilase gene is linked to a polyadenylation signal from an Agrobacterium gene.<br>The gene is expressed at a level of 1 microgram nitrilase per milligram of total protein in leaves and approximately 100-fold less in seeds.<br>The nitrilase protein showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens in the Genebank and Swiss-Pro databases. The nitrilase protein was also shown to have low stability under simulated gastric conditions. The enzyme which confers oxynil tolerance is a bacterial version of an enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature including monocot plants such as corn, wheat and barley, and therefore would not be expected to be toxic or allergenic. Brassica napus variety Westar was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector; the vector contained the transfer DNA (T-DNA) region of an A. tumefaciens plasmid from which virulence and disease causing genes were removed, and replaced with the oxynil tolerance gene. The T-DNA portion of A. tumefaciens plasmids are generally known to insert randomly into the plant&#39;s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in Oxy-235. Rhône Poulenc has provided information on segregation and from Southern blot analysis that demonstrates that Oxy-235 has a single genetic insert, consisting of a single copy of the oxynil tolerance gene.<br>Oxy-235 is several generations removed from the original transformant. Mendelian inheritance of the herbicide tolerance, and Southern analyses of third-generation material show the stability of the introduced traits.</p><br>', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, '2013-07-19 14:43:14'),
(5, 5, 'Insect-resistant and glyphosate herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting the genes encoding the Cry1Ab protein from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain CP4.', 'Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1(B.t.k.) is a common gram-positive soil- borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal protein crystals, including the ð-endotoxin Cry1A(b) which is active against certain lepidopteran insects, such as ECB. This protein has been shown to be non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates and beneficial insects. B.t.k. based foliar insecticides have been registered for over 30 years in Canada and have a long history of safe use. <br>A synthetic cry1A(b) gene was developed for maximum expression in corn, and introduced into line MON802. The gene codes for a protein similar to the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 insecticidal crystal protein. The protein is insecticidal to lepidopteran larvae after cleavage to a bio-active, trypsin resistant core. Insecticidal activity is believed to depend on the binding of the active fragment to specific receptors present in susceptible insects on midgut epithelial cells, forming pores which disrupt osmotic balance and eventually results in cell lysis. Specific lepidopteran pests of corn sensitive to the protein are ECB and corn earworm. <br>The cry1A(b) gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Average protein expression in micro-grams protein per gram fresh weight tissue evaluated by ELISA in leaf (six locations), grain (six locations) and whole plants (two locations) are as follows:<br>- Leaf: 9.55 microgram Bt per gram fresh weight<br>- Whole plant: 1.35 micrograms Bt per gram fresh weight<br>- Grain: 3.2 micrograms per gram fresh weight <br>The Cry1A(b) protein was shown to degrade readily in the environment. The plant expressed protein had DT50 and DT90 values (time to degrade to 50% and 90 % of the original bioactivity) of 1.6 and 15 days respectively. <br>Protein allergens are normally resistant to digestion unlike the Cry1A(b) protein which was shown to degrade readily in simulated gastric fluid. Unlike many known allergens the insecticidal protein is not glycosylated. A search for amino acid sequence similarity between the Cry1A(b) protein and known allergens, using a database assembled from the public domain databases GenBank, EMBL, Pir and SwissProt, revealed no significant amino acid sequence homologies. A search of a similarly constructed database of known toxins indicated no amino acid sequence homologies between known toxins and the Cry1A(b) protein, with the exception of homologies to other B.t. insecticidal proteins. <br>Corn products are an important alternative to wheat flour for individuals afflicted with coeliac disease, an immune mediated food intolerance for which wheat gliadins have been implicated as the causal agent. In light of the importance of corn products to these individuals, a sequence similarity search was conducted and no amino acid sequence homologies between the Cry1A(b) protein and gliadins were detected. <br>The full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided. <br>The native HD-1 protein has a molecular weight of 131 kD. The inserted, plant expressed cryIA(b) gene codes for a full length protein of 1156 amino acids which is processed by proteases into the 600 amino acid tryptic core fragment which is insecticidally active. After activation by trypsin to the insecticidal form, the resulting proteolytic fragments were compared to the bacterial proteins and shown to be of similar molecular weight, immunological reactivity and trypsin resistance. The protein was not glycosylated and showed similar bioactivity and host range specificity to the native protein. Two genes have been introduced into the corn line MON802, which in combination provide field level tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide. <br>A plant-derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co- introduced with each of the Roundup ReadyTM genes. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated Roundup ReadyTM enzymes into the chloroplasts, the site of both the shikimate pathway and glyphosate mode-of-action. <br>Both genes associated with their transit peptide coding sequence are linked to the same constitutive promoter. <br>The first gene codes for a bacterial version of a plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids. The plant version of this enzyme, ubiquitous in nature, is sensitive to glyphosate - the herbicide disrupts this essential pathway, leading to growth suppression or death of the plant. However, the bacterial derived version of this enzyme is highly insensitive to glyphosate and fulfils the aromatic amino acid needs of the plant. The product of this gene was quantified and averaged:<br>- Leaf tissue - 26.99 micrograms protein/ gram (fresh weight)<br>- Whole plant - 1.85 micrograms protein/ gram (fresh weight)<br>- Grain - 2.27 micrograms protein/ gram (fresh weight) <br>The second gene codes for glyphosate oxidase, also a bacterial enzyme from a species ubiquitous in nature. Glyphosate oxidase degrades glyphosate, thereby deactivating the herbicidal effect. The average levels of glyphosate oxidase were determined:<br>- Leaf Tissue - 10.18 micrograms protein / gram fresh weight<br>- Whole plant - 1.68 micrograms protein / gram fresh weight<br>- Grain - not detectable <br>The Roundup ReadyTM proteins showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. EPSPS is an enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature, and therefore would not be expected to be toxic or allergenic. For the second novel enzyme, glyphosate oxidase, Monsanto describes experiments with a variety of substrates that show that it has a narrow substrate specificity, and appears not to affect any plant specific pathways. Both proteins are inactivated by heat, and by proteases in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids. MON802 was co-transformed with two vectors, one carrying a synthetic cry1A(b) gene and the second bearing the two herbicide resistance genes. The two plasmid vectors were introduced by microprojectile bombardment into cultured plant cells. Glyphosate tolerant transformed cells were selected, then cultured in tissue culture medium for plant regeneration. Southern analysis indicated that there are two sites of integration of the introduced DNA. Backcross data is consistant with that of a single locus behaving in a Mendelian fashion, this suggests that the two insert sites are closely linked. <br>The traits have remained stable for six generations as shown by assays for Cry1A(b), and herbicide tolerance.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(6, 7, 'Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize developed by inserting genes encoding Cry1AC protein from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp kurstaki and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>', '<p>1. Resistance to the European Corn Borer (ECB)<br />\r\nBacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain HD-73 (B.t.k.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal protein crystals, including the delta&eth;-endotoxin Cry1A(c), which is active against certain lepidopteran insects, such as ECB. This protein has been shown to be non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates and beneficial insects. B.t.k. based foliar applied insecticides have been registered for over 30 years in Canada and have a long history of safe use.<br />\r\nA synthetic gene coding the first 613 amino acids of cryIA(c) was developed to provide maximum expression in corn, and introduced into line DBT418. The gene codes for a protein similar to the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-73 insecticidal crystal protein tryptic core fragment. The protein is insecticidal to lepidopteran larvae. Insecticidal delta&eth;-endotoxin activity is believed to depend on the binding of the active fragment to specific receptors present in susceptible insects on midgut epithelial cells, forming pores which disrupt osmotic balance and eventually results in cell lysis. Specific Lepidopteran pests of corn sensitive to the protein are ECB and corn earworm.<br />\r\nThe cry1A(c) gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Average protein level ranges in various tissues is as follows:<br />\r\n- harvest leaves: 459.6 to 1194.4 ng Cry1A(c) per gram tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\n- harvest kernels: 36.0 to 42.8 ng Cry1A(c) per gram tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\n- harvest root: 58.0 to 125.4 ng Cry1A(c) per gram tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\n- harvest stalk: 40.9 to 123.6 ng Cry1A(c) per gram tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\nThe Cry1A(c) protein was not detectable in pollen.<br />\r\nThe Cry1A(c) protein degrades readily in the environment. Monsanto studies with Cry1A(b) a similar protein indicated a half life of 1.6 days when the protein was a component of corn tissue. In Cotton tissue, Cry1A(c) has a half life of 41 days.<br />\r\nProtein allergens are normally resistant to digestion unlike the Cry1A(c) protein which was shown to degrade readily in simulated gastric fluid. Unlike many known allergens the insecticidal protein is not glycosylated. A search for amino acid sequence similarity between the Cry1A(c) protein and known allergens, using the GENINFO- BLAST network server, revealed no significant amino acid sequence homologies. A search of a similarily constructed database of known toxins indicated no amino acid sequence homologies between known toxins and the Cry1A(c) protein, with the exception of homologies to other B.t. insecticidal proteins.<br />\r\nThe full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided.<br />\r\nThe 66 kDa protein expressed in plants was compared to the bacterial protein core fragment and shown to be of similar molecular weight and immunological reactivity. The protein was not glycosylated and showed similar bioactivity and host range specificity to the native protein.<br />\r\n2. Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide Tolerance<br />\r\nPhosphinothricin (L-PPT), the active ingredient of the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application.<br />\r\nThe phosphinothricin tolerance gene (bar) engineered into DBT418 was isolated from a common aerobic soil streptomycete and codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. It has extremely high substrate specificity; experimental data clearly showed that neither L-PPT&#39;s analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid can be acetylated by the PAT enzyme.<br />\r\nThe gene, modified for enhanced gene expression, is linked to a constitutive promoter. Data showed average protein level ranges in varoius tissues as follows:<br />\r\n- pollen stage leaves: 501.8 to 1099.4 ug PAT per g tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\n- pollen stage stalk 66 to 77 ug PAT per g tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\n- pollen stage root 27.5 to 69.5 ug PAT per g tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\n- kernal 3.1 to 6.0 ug PAT per g tissue (dry weight)<br />\r\nThe PAT protein was not detected in pollen.<br />\r\nThe expressed PAT enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post transcriptional modifications.The amino terminal sequence of DBT 418 derived PAT is the same as the native protein.<br />\r\nStudies showed that the enzyme was completely degraded within five minutes when subjected to typical mammalian gastric conditions and is thus digested as a conventional dietary protein.<br />\r\nThe gene nucleotide sequence and the enzyme amino acid sequence were provided. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENINFO-BLAST network server database.<br />\r\n3. Development Method<br />\r\nDBT418 was co-transformed with three vectors, one carrying a synthetic cry1A(c) gene and the second bearing the herbicide resistance gene. The third carried the potato proteinase inhibitor (pin II) gene. An ampicillin resistance gene, regulated by a bacterial promoter, also present in the vectors used to transform was not expressed. The three plasmid vectors were introduced by microprojectile bombardment into cultured plant cells. Glufosinate Ammonium tolerant transformed cells were selected, then cultured in tissue culture medium for plant regeneration.<br />\r\n4. Stable Integration into the Plant&#39;s Genome<br />\r\nAnalysis indicated integration of two intact copies of the cry1A(c) gene, one intact copy of the bar gene and one rearranged copy of the bar gene. Partial copies of the pin II gene and alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) intron 1 were also integrated. There are four intact and one partial copy of the beta lactamase gene and four intact copies of the Col E1 origin of replication. The beta lactamase genes are not expressed and the pin II gene is non-functional and is not expressed.</p>\r\n', NULL, NULL, NULL, '2013-09-02 14:23:29'),
(7, 8, 'A variant form of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was obtained from a chlorsulfuron tolerant line of A. thaliana and used to transform flax.', '1. Tolerance to Soil Residues of Triasulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl<br>Sulfonylurea herbicides, such as triasulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl, target and bind to the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine and resulting in the accumulation of toxic levels of alpha-ketoglutarate. <br>In addition to its native ALS gene, CDC Triffid contains an als gene from a chlorsulfuron tolerant line of A. thaliana. This variant als gene differs from the wild type A. thaliana gene by one nucleotide and the resulting ALS enzyme differs by one amino acid from the wild type ALS enzyme. The inserted als gene is linked to its native promoter and terminator. <br>Enzyme extracts from CDC Triffid exhibited a slightly higher ALS activity compared to its non-modified counterpart cv. Norlin. Whereas the statistical significance of this higher activity could not be verified, it may be expected due to the presence of at least two additional copies of the als gene in CDC Triffid.<br>2. Kanamycin Resistance<br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. <br>The kanamycin-resistance gene, neo, isolated from the bacterium Echerichia coli, codes for an enzyme, neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) that phosphorylates kanamycin. This prevents kanamycin from binding to ribosomes and renders the cells resistant to the antibiotic. Plant cells that have been co-cultured with A. tumefaciens are plated onto a growth medium containing kanamycin. Those plant cells that have been successfully transformed and thus contain the kanamycin-resistance gene, are able to grow on this medium. <br>The nptII gene is linked to a constitutive promoter. The CDC has demonstrated, using PCR analysis, that the inserted nptII gene was unaltered when compared to the native E. coli gene. The gene product, NPTII, was detected in seeds, cotyledons and leaves of CDC Triffid. <br>NPTII is ubiquitous in the environment. It degrades rapidly in vitro in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids.<br>3. Nopaline Synthase<br>Nopaline synthase is an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of nopaline, an opine which is formed as the result of the condensation of the amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid. When wild-type A. tumefaciens infects a host plant, the opine synthase gene present on the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid of the bacterium directs infected host cells to synthesize an opine, such as nopaline. The type of opine produced is specific to the particular strain of A. tumefaciens. Opines are metabolized as a source of carbon and nitrogen only by a bacterium possessing a Ti-plasmid and the gene specific for catabolism of the particular opine. <br>The nopaline synthase gene, nos, is linked to its native promoter which is known to be constitutive with a slightly stronger expression in roots. <br>Levels of nopaline were quantified at two growth stages in CDC Triffid: seedling and pre-flowering, and was detected in roots, stems and leaves. Expression in roots ranged from 0.05 to 0.63 mg of nopaline/g tissue (fresh weight) at the seedling stage, and 0.07 to 0.47 mg/g (f.w.) at pre-flowering; in stems, at 0.01 to 0.33 mg/g (f.w.) at the seedling stage, and 0.02 to 0.12 mg/g (f.w.) at pre-flowering; and leaves, at 0.05 to 2.4 mg/g (f.w.) at the seedling stage, and 0.23 to 0.72 mg/g (f.w.) at pre- flowering. Nopaline was not detected in seeds. <br>A sequence homology search for nopaline synthase revealed similarity only to other opine synthases and no similarity was found to known sequenced toxins or allergens. <br>This trait was introduced to permit the identification of transformed plant embryos. Nopaline was detected in successfully transformed plant embryos.<br>4. Other novel DNA sequences<br>Genes conferring resistance to the antibiotics ampicillin, carbenicillin and spectinomycin were present in an E. coli vector used as an intermediary during the cloning of the target sequences to be transferred to flax. These three antibiotic resistance genes were under the control of a bacterial promoter which is active only in bacteria and not active in plants. These genes are therefore not expected to be expressed in CDC Triffid. Portions of Hind III fragments 10 and 23 (Zambryski, P., Joos, H., Genetello, C., Leemans, J., Van Montagu, M., and Schell, J. 1983. Ti plasmid vector for the introduction of DNA into plant cells without alteration of their normal regeneration capacity. EMBO 2:2143-2150.) from the nopaline Ti plasmid pTiC58 were also incorporated. <br>5. Development Method<br>The flax cv. Norlin was transformed using the disarmed A. tumefaciens Ti-plasmid vector pGV3850. The vector contained the T-DNA region of an A. tumefaciens plasmid from which oncogenic regions had been deleted and replaced with the mutant als gene and the kanamycin resistance gene. <br>Successful transformants were selected in vitro, on the basis of expression of kanamycin resistance and presence of nopaline. These were subsequently grown on medium containing chlorsulfuron to confirm the expression of the inserted chlorsulfuron-tolerant als gene. <br>6. Stability of Insertion of the Traits<br>Data were obtained from the literature (Mc Sheffrey, S. A., Mc Hughen, A., and Devine, M. D. 1992. Characterization of transgenic sulfonylurea-resistant flax (Linum usitatissimum). Theoretical and Applied Genetics 84:480-486.) showing that the genes inserted into CDC Triffid were integrated in at least two unlinked loci, with a possible third locus exhibiting partial linkage to one of the other two. The expression of the genes remained stable after eight generations of selfing CDC Triffid plants.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(8, 9, 'Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting a truncated form of the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. kurstaki HD-1.  The genetic modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB).', '<p>1. Resistance to the European Corn Borer (ECB) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1(B.t.k.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal protein crystals, including the &eth;-endotoxin Cry1A(b) which is active against certain lepidopteran insects, such as ECB. This protein has been shown to be non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates and beneficial insects. B.t.k. based foliar insecticides have been registered for over 30 years in Canada and have a long history of safe use. A synthetic cry1A(b) gene was developed for maximum expression in corn, and introduced into line MON810. The gene codes for a protein similar to the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 insecticidal crystal protein. The protein is insecticidal to lepidopteran larvae after cleavage to a bio-active, trypsin resistant core. Insecticidal activity is believed to depend on the binding of the active fragment to specific receptors present in susceptible insects on midgut epithelial cells, forming pores which disrupt osmotic balance and eventually results in cell lysis. Specific lepidopteran pests of corn sensitive to the protein are ECB and corn earworm. The cry1A(b) gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Average protein expression evaluated at six locations was 9.35 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in leaves and 0.31 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in seeds. Protein expression evaluated at one site, was 4.15 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in the whole plant and 0.09 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in pollen, as determined from a single sample. Protein expression ranged from 7.93 to 10.34 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in leaves, from 0.19 to 0.39 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in grain and from 3.65 to 4.65 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in the whole plant. Protein expression declined over the growing season as indicated by the Cry1A(b) levels present in leaves assayed over the growing season. The Cry1A(b) protein was shown to degrade readily in the environment. The plant expressed protein had DT50 and DT90 values (time to degrade to 50% and 90 % of the original bioactivity) of 2 and 15 days respectively. Protein allergens are normally resistant to digestion unlike the Cry1A(b) protein which was shown to degrade readily in simulated gastric fluid. Unlike many known allergens the insecticidal protein is not glycosylated. A search for amino acid sequence similarity between the Cry1A(b) protein and known allergens, using a database assembled from the public domain databases GenBank, EMBL, Pir and SwissProt, revealed no significant amino acid sequence homologies. A search of a similarly constructed database of known toxins indicated no amino acid sequence homologies between known toxins and the Cry1A(b) protein, with the exception of homologies to other B.t. insecticidal proteins. Corn products are an important alternative to wheat flour for individuals afflicted with coeliac disease, an immune mediated food intolerance for which wheat gliadins have been implicated as the causal agent. In light of the importance of corn products to these individuals, a sequence similarity search was conducted and no amino acid sequence homologies between the Cry1A(b) protein and gliadins were detected. The full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided. The native HD-1 protein has a molecular weight of 131 kD. The inserted, plant expressed cryIA(b) gene codes for a truncated protein with a molecular weight of 91 kD. After activation by trypsin to the insecticidal form, the resulting proteolytic fragments were compared to the bacterial proteins and shown to be of similar molecular weight, amino acid sequence, immunological reactivity and trypsin resistance. The protein was not glycosylated and showed similar bioactivity and host range specificity to the native protein. 2. Glyphosate Tolerance Two genes were originally introduced into the original transformant to provide tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup&reg; herbicide. The tolerance was used to select transformed plants. Molecular data was presented which showed that the genes conferring glyphosate tolerance were not present in line MON810. The genes were presumed to have inserted at genetic loci away from the cryIA(b) gene and then segregated out during subsequent crossing leading to line MON810. 3. Development Method MON810 was co-transformed with two vectors, one carrying a synthetic cry1A(b) gene and the second bearing the two herbicide resistance genes. The two plasmid vectors were introduced by microprojectile bombardment into cultured plant cells. Glyphosate tolerant transformed cells were selected, then cultured in tissue culture medium for plant regeneration. 4. Stable Integration into the Plant&#39;s Genome Southern analysis indicated one integrated DNA segment which included a truncated copy of the cry1A(b) gene, inserted without rearrangement. The corn line has been crossed into several diverse corn genotypes for 4 generations and the protection against ECB has been maintained. MON810 was derived from the third generation of backcrossing and therefore the single insert appears to be stably inherited.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n', NULL, 'MON-ØØ81Ø-6', NULL, '2013-09-02 14:27:02'),
(9, 10, 'Colorado potato beetle resistant potatoes produced by inserting the <i>cry3A</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (subsp. Tenebrionis).', '<p><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><font color="#003300"><strong>1. Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB) </strong><br>Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (B.t.t.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal crystal Cry3A ð-endotoxins that are non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates, and beneficial insects. These proteins are used as environmentally acceptable foliar insecticides against CPB.<br>The CPB resistance gene engineered into NewLeaftm Atlantic potatoes codes for one of these insecticidal crystal proteins, active against specific Coleoptera such as CPB, elm leaf beetle and yellow mealworm. Insecticidal activity results from the Cry3A protein binding to specific insect gut epithelium receptors, pore formation, loss of cations, and<br>disruption of digestive processes following an osmotic pressure imbalance. Current knowledge indicates that only sensitive insects possess such receptors.<br>The cry3A gene is linked to a light activated promoter. Protein production (referred to as B.t.t. protein in the present document) was quantified for the five lines and found to average from 15.7 to 59.3 µg/g (f.w.) of leaf tissue and from 0.09 to 0.53 µg/g (f.w.) of tuber tissue, corresponding to 0.10 to 0.37% of total foliage protein and 0.0004 to 0.003% of total tuber protein (assuming protein levels of 1.6% in leaves and 2% in tubers, f.w.). These expression levels correspond to a two fold increase in leaves and a four fold decrease in tubers, compared to the NewLeaftm Russet Burbank potatoes previously authorized for release (please see DD96-06). Foliage expression levels were highest at six weeks and gradually decreased over the season.<br>The resulting B.t.t. proteins include a 68 kDa protein and a major proteolytic fragment of 55 kDa. A similar 55 kDa protein is also released in some B.t.t. registered microbial insecticides, and following tryptic digestion of the bacterial B.t. Cry3A protein purified from Escherichia coli.<br>Western blot data was presented which showed that the 68 kDa and 55 kDa proteins expressed by B.thuringiensis, the Russet Burbank NewLeaftm potato and the Atlantic NewLeaftm potato had the same immunological reactivity and molecular weight. Data, previously submitted for the Russet Burbank NewLeaftm potato, showed the proteins had not been glycosylated or undergone other post translational modification and possessed similar bioactivity and host range specificity to the native protein.<br>Studies have shown that B.t.t. proteins were rapidly inactivated when subjected to typical mammalian acidic stomach conditions, i.e. in simulated gastric fluids. Aerobic soil degradation of the B.t.t. proteins was shown to be complete after nine hours.<br>The gene nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence were provided. A search for amino acid sequence similarity between the B.t.t. proteins and known allergens, using a database assembled from the public domain databases GenBank, EMBL, Pir and SwissProt, revealed no significant amino acid sequence homologies. </font><br><font color="#003300"><strong>2. Kanamycin Resistance </strong><br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. The kanamycin-resistance gene, isolated from the bacterium E. coli, codes for an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin, thereby preventing it from binding to ribosomes and rendering the cells resistant. The gene is linked to a constitutive promoter. The average expression levels for all five lines were estimated to range from 4.4 to 36.6 µg/g (f.w.) of leaf tissue, and from 0.5 to 2.9 µg/g (f.w.) of tuber tissue, corresponding to 0.028-0.23% of foliage protein and 0.0025-0.014% of tuber protein (assuming protein levels of 1.6% in leaves and 2% in tubers, f.w.). The expressed NPTII protein was compared to the bacterial protein, and shown to be of similar molecular weight, indicating that there were no insertional or post- transcriptional modifications. This protein is ubiquitous in the environment. It degrades rapidly in vitro in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENEBANK DNA database. The full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided. </font><br><font color="#003300"><strong>3. Development Method </strong><br>Atlantic potatoes were transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> vector; the vector contained the transfer DNA (T-DNA) region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which virulence and plant disease-causing genes were removed, and replaced with genes coding for CPB resistance and kanamycin resistance. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant&#39;s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was demonstrated in these NewLeaftm Atlantic potatoes.</font><br><font color="#003300"><strong>4. Stable Integration into the Plant&#39;s Genome </strong><br>The data provided showed various integration patterns depending on the line: the T- DNA was integrated at three sites for line ATBT04-6 and at one site for lines ATBT04-30 and ATBT04-31. No coding region from outside the T-DNA borders was incorporated into the genotype of these lines. Two complete copies of the T-DNA were found at two insertion sites in line ATBT04-27, with one site also containing a bacterial gene coding for resistance to streptomycin and an other partial copy of the cry3A gene. The streptomycin resistance gene is driven by a bacterial promoter and is not expressed in plants, as was demonstrated in these NewLeaftm Atlantic potatoes. Finally, the transgenes were integrated at three insertion sites in line ATBT04-36, with one of the sites containing the whole <i>A. tumefaciens</i> plasmid. The transformed plants were propagated vegetatively, and CPB resistance was expressed for at least three vegetative generations.</font></span></span></p><br>', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, '2013-06-19 11:25:27');
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_descriptions` (`id`, `eventId`, `short`, `long`, `source`, `trialCode`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(10, 12, 'Resistance to European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) by introduction of a synthetic cry1Ab gene. Glyphosate resistance via introduction of the bacterial version of a plant enzyme, 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS).', '<p>1. Resistance to the European Corn Borer (ECB) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 (B.t.k.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal protein crystals, including the &eth;-endotoxin Cry1A(b), which is active against certain lepidopteran insects, such as ECB. This protein has been shown to be non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates and beneficial insects. B.t.k. based foliar insecticides have been registered for over 30 years in Canada and have a long history of safe use. A synthetic cryIA(b) gene was developed for maximum expression in corn, and introduced into line MON809. The gene codes for a protein similar to the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1 insecticidal crystal protein. The protein is insecticidal to lepidopteran larvae after cleavage to a bio-active, trypsin resistant core. Insecticidal activity is believed to depend on the binding of the active fragment to specific receptors present in susceptible insects on midgut epithelial cells, forming pores which disrupt osmotic balance and eventually results in cell lysis. Specific Lepidopteran pests of corn sensitive to the protein are ECB and corn earworm. The cry1A(b) gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Average protein expression evaluated at six locations was 1.63 g/g (f.w.) in leaves, 0.55 g/g (f.w.) in seeds and 1.23 g/g (f.w.)in the whole plant. Cry 1A(b) protein was not detected in pollen. Protein expression ranged from 0.88-2.37 g/g (f.w.) in leaves, from 0.28-0.73 g/g (f.w.) in grain and from 0.73-1.73 g/g (f.w.) in the whole plant. Protein expression declined over the growing season as indicated by the Cry1A(b) levels present in leaves assayed over the growing season. The Cry1A(b) protein was shown to degrade readily in the environment. The plant expressed protein had DT50 and DT90 values (time to degrade to 50% and 90 % of the original bioactivity) of 2 and 15 days respectively. Protein allergens are normally resistant to digestion unlike the Cry1A(b) protein which was shown to degrade readily in simulated gastric fluid. Unlike many known allergens the insecticidal protein is not glycosylated. A search for amino acid sequence similarity between the Cry1A(b) protein and known allergens, using a database assembled from the public domain databases GenBank, EMBL, Pir and SwissProt, revealed no significant amino acid sequence homologies. A search of a similarily constructed database of known toxins indicated no amino acid sequence homologies between known toxins and the Cry1A(b) protein, with the exception of homologies to other B.t. insecticidal proteins. Corn products are an important alternative to wheat flour for individuals afflicted with coeliac disease, an immune mediated food intolerance for which wheat gliadins have been implicated as the causal agent. In light of the importance of corn products to these individuals, a sequence similarity search was conducted and no amino acid sequence homologies between the Cry1A(b) protein and gliadins were detected. The full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided. The 131 kDa protein expressed in plants and the resulting proteolytic fragments were compared to the bacterial proteins and shown to be of similar molecular weight, amino acid sequence, immunological reactivity and trypsin resistance. The protein was not glycosylated and showed similar bioactivity and host range specificity to the native protein. 2. Glyphosate Tolerance Two genes have been introduced into MON809 to provide tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup&reg; herbicide. The tolerance, although not sufficient to provide field tolerance to the herbicide, was used to select transformed plants. The CP4 EPSPS gene expresses a bacterial version from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4, of 5-enolpyruvlshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, a plant enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of aromatic amino acids. Glyphosate inhibits the native plant EPSPS, thus blocking the shikimate pathway and halting the production of these necessary amino acids. The CP4-EPSPS is a glyphosate tolerant version of the enzyme with high catalytic activity. Under glyphosate selection, the addtion of the bacterial, glyphosate tolerant enzyme will permit the normal production of aromatic amino acids. The second gene, gox, is derived from Achromobacter sp., a ubiquitous soil bacteria species which expresses an enzyme that degrades glyphosate by conversion to aminomethlyphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate. In line MON809 only a partial copy of the gene is inserted and no gene expression was detected. A plant-derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with each of the glyphosate resistance genes. The chloroplast transit peptides facilitates the import of the protein products from the glyphosate resistance genes into the chloroplast, which is the location of the shikimate pathway and the site of action for glyphosate. Expression of the CP4 EPSPS gene averaged 21.68 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in leaves, 9.41 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in grain and 1.6 &micro;g/g (f.w.) in the whole plant. The plant expressed enzyme showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. It is common in nature and no toxic or allergenic effects would be expected to occur. Data was presented which showed that the CP4 EPSPS enzyme is rapidly inactivated by heat and by digestion in simulated mammalian gastric fluid. 3. Development Method MON809 was co-transformed with two vectors, one carrying a synthetic cry1A(b) gene and the second bearing the two herbicide resistance genes. The two plasmid vectors were introduced by microprojectile bombardment into cultured plant cells. Glyphosate tolerant transformed cells were selected, then cultured in tissue culture medium for plant regeneration. 4. Stable Integration into the Plant&#39;s Genome Southern analysis indicated one integrated DNA segment which included a complete and a partial copy of the cryIA(b) gene, two complete copies of the CP4 EPSPS genes and a partial gox gene. Segregation data indicate a stable insertion, with the trait segregating according to Mendelian genetics, through five generations of crossing. 5. Nutrition The nutritional quality of grain from MON 809 is similar to that of grain from an equivalent non-transgenic line and to grain that is currently in commerce. Grain was analysed for proximate (i.e., ash, moisture content, crude protein, crude fat), amino acid and fatty acid composition. Some minor differences were observed between MON 809 and an equivalent non-transgenic line, but these components were within the range of variation normally observed in the commercial grain supply and are attributed to variations in the plant genotypes rather than to the presence of the introduced genes. 6. Safety The CryIA(b) and CP4 EPSPS proteins should pose no risks for consumption of products produced from insect resistant maize. The introduced proteins were compared to databases of known protein toxins and neither shows any significant amino acid sequence similarity to known protein toxins. Both proteins are rapidly broken down and their enzymatic activity lost under conditions that simulate mammalian digestion. Neither protein was toxic when fed to mice.</p><br>', '<p>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office; Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada</p>', NULL, NULL, '2013-05-10 15:06:16'),
(11, 13, 'Male sterility caused by expression of the barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT).', '1. Nuclear Male Sterility<br>The male sterility gene codes for the barnase ribonuclease (RNAse). Male sterility results from the production of this enzyme at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. The RNAse affects RNA production, disrupting normal cell functioning and arresting early anther development. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the enzyme was detected only in early stages of development of the tapetum cell layer of anthers. It was not detected in the other plant tissues tested: leaves, immature kernels, roots, dry and germinating seeds. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barnase is a small single-domain protein, containing no disulfide bonds, metalion cofactors or other non-peptide components. It unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, other than with ribonucleases from other bacilli. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed. <br>The barnase gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonucleases are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants. <br>The gene and its associated regulatory sequences are the same as those of the canola (B. napus) lines MS1 and MS8 that were authorized for unconfined release by AAFC on April 28, 1995 and October 21, 1996 (please see DD95-04 and DD96-17).<br>2. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance<br>Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into MS3 codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. PAT has extremely high substrate specificity for L-PPT and dimethylphosphinothricin (DMPT), but cannot acetylate L-PPT''s analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid. <br>Expression levels of PAT were estimated through the quantification of RNA transcripts: 0.05 pg/µg of RNA was found in leaves and immature kernels, while none was detected in roots, dry and germinating seeds. A spectrophotometric assay showed no evidence for the presence of PAT in MS3 kernels. <br>The gene was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an aerobic soil actinomycete. The PAT enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>A plant derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with the gene. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated enzyme into chloroplasts. <br>The nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, except with other phosphinothricin acetyltransferases originating from different organisms. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br>3. Development Method<br>The Zea mays inbred line H99 was transformed by electroporation of immature embryos in the presence of a preparation of linearized plasmids. One plasmid carried the genes of interest (male sterility and herbicide tolerance), while the other plasmid, called helper plasmid, carried genes useful at the development stage (e.g. a bacterial marker gene, not expressed in plants).<br>4. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome<br>The data provided showed that there was incorporation of three copies of the plasmid carrying the genes of interest, and a partial copy of the helper plasmid, all inserted at a single insertion site. None of the coding sequences of the helper plasmid are expressed in MS3. <br>Segregation was predictable over at least six generations observed and showed that transformation resulted in integration at one single dominant locus. <br>Comparisons between the original transgenic plant and plants from four and six generations away showed no difference in the gene integration pattern.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(12, 48, 'Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting the gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>.', '1. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance<br>Phosphinothricin (L-PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into DLL25 codes for PPT- acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. It has extremely high substrate specificity. <br>The PAT gene was originally isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an aerobic soil actinomycete. The gene was slightly modified to conform with plant codon usage, which did not result in any modification to the expressed protein. The PAT enzyme is naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>The gene is linked to a well characterized constitutive promoter. Expression levels were quantified in leaves, roots, stalk, tassel, cob, husk, kernels, silk and pollen. Highest levels were found in leaves (1.0 - 4.6 mg/g of proteins (f.w.), corresponding to 0.1 - 0.46% of total soluble protein), and no PAT was detected in either silks, pollen or mature seeds. <br>Studies showed that the enzyme was heat and pH labile, and was inactivated within one minute when subjected to typical mammalian stomach and intestinal conditions. <br>The gene nucleotide sequence and the enzyme amino acid sequence were provided. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology to toxins or allergens entered in the GenBank DNA database.<br>2. Development Method<br>The Zea mays genotype A188xB73, a cross between two publicly available inbred lines, was transformed through microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic cell cultures. <br>The original transformant was then crossed with Dekalb''s elite inbred lines.<br>3. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome<br>The provided data showed that gene integration occurred at only one insertion site. The insertion site was very well characterized. <br>An antibiotic resistance marker, driven by a bacterial promoter, was used for selection in bacteria. Although this gene was partially integrated into the plant''s genome, it is not expressed and the plant is not resistant to the antibiotic. <br>The novel gene was stably inherited over twelve generations.<br>4. Nutrition<br>Forage and grain from DLL25 maize hybrids were analyzed for nutritional composition and compared to the nutritional composition of non-transgenic versions of the same maize hybrids. Proximate and amino acid analyses were performed. Small differences between DLL25 plants and their non-transgenic counterparts were occasionally observed. However, the nutrient composition of DLL25 maize falls within the range of variability for the relevant nutrients reported for maize. The use of corn products derived from DLL25 would therefore have no significant impact on the nutritional quality of the Canadian food supply.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office; Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(13, 14, 'Insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. kurstaki HD-73 (B.t.k.).', '1. Resistance to the Lepidopteran Insects<br>Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-73 (B.t.k.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces a CryIA(c) insecticidal, crystal protein that is non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates, and beneficial insects. This and similar proteins are used as environmentally acceptable foliar insecticides against lepidoptera. <br>The plant expressed toxin is similar to the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-73, insecticidal, crystal protein. This protein is insecticidal to Lepidoptera larvae after cleavage to an approximately 600 amino acid, bio-active, trypsin resistant core. Insecticidal activity is believed to depend on the binding of the active fragment to specific receptors on the insect, midgut epithelial cells, forming a pore which disrupts osmotic balance and eventually results in cell lysis then death. Current knowledge indicates that only sensitive insects possess such receptors. Specific Lepidopteran pests of cotton, sensitive to the protein are: cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm and pink bollworm. <br>The inserted gene codes for an insecticidal protein similar to a full length Cry IA(c) protein with some minor changes arising from the design of the gene. The complete sequence of the T-DNA with the genetic endpoints and the deduced amino acid sequence was included in the submission. The encoded Cry1A(c) plant produced protein is 99.4% homologous to the native protein from B.t.k.-HD73. <br>The cryIA gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Protein production (was quantified for the three lines. Mean CryIA(c) expression in line 531 was 1.56 µg protein/g and 0.86 µg protein/g fresh weight in leaf and seed tissue respectively. In the whole plant the Cry1A(c) protein averaged 0.044 µg protein/g fresh weight, (25 µg/ plant) for a total of about 1.44 g/ acre. Expression varied approximately 3 fold over the growing season, with the levels peaking late in the season. Expression of the CryIA(c) protein was much higher in line 757. Average values were 12.6 µg protein/g fresh weight and 9.9 µg protein/g fresh weight in leaves and seeds respectively. Expression varied less than 3 fold over the season and peaked early in the season in leaf tissue. Whole plant amounts were 1.1 µg protein/g fresh weight (200 µg/plant) for a total of 12.2 g/ acre. Line 1076 produced the cry1A(c) protein at an average of 12.2 µg protein/g fresh weight and 12.7 µg protein/g fresh weight in leaves and seed respectively. Gene expression over the growing season varied less than 5 fold, with the highest concentration occurring early in the season. Whole plant totals were 1.1 µg protein/g fresh weight (389 µg/plant) for a total of 23.3 g/ acre. (Calculations per acre based on 60000 plants/acre). Expression in pollen and nectar was negligible in all 3 lines. <br>Biological activity of the plant expressed protein was compared to that of the native Btk-HD-73. The insecticidal protein was shown to be active on only lepidopteran species, even when fed at levels that were well above the concentrations that were effective on target species. Host range specificity was similar for the native and synthetic proteins Tobacco hornworm was the most sensitive species and tobacco budworm, corn earworm and European cornborer were relatively less sensitive. <br>The plant expressed protein degraded rapidly (less than 30 seconds) in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) and in intestinal fluid (pH 7.5). A bioactive tryptic core remained after 21 hours in simulated intestinal fluid. Degradation of the protein was determined by western blot analysis and by insect bioactivity. Degradation of the B.t.k-HD-73 protein in soil proceeded with a half life of 41 days as determined by the insecticidal activity on tobacco budworm. <br>Protein allergens are normally resistant to digestion unlike the Cry1A(c) protein, which is rapidly metabolized. Unlike many known allergens the insecticidal protein is not glycosylated. Screening against a database of known allergens for both the full length protein and the tryptic fragment revealed no significant homology to any known allergenic protein. <br>2. Kanamycin Resistance<br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. <br>The kanamycin-resistance gene, isolated from the bacterium E. coli, codes for an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin, thereby preventing it from binding to ribosomes and rendering the cells resistant. <br>The gene is linked to a constitutive promoter. Expression levels for the NPT II protein in Line 531 were 3.14 µg protein /g fresh weight and 2.45 µg protein/g fresh weight in leaf and seed tissues respectively. Expression varied about 2 fold over the season. In line 757 NPT II expression was 6.9 µg protein/g fresh weight and 3.3 µg protein/g fresh weight in leaves and seeds respectively. For line 1076 the NPT II expression was 16.3 µg protein/g fresh weight and 7.9 µg protein/g fresh weight in leaves and seed respectively. Gene expression varied 2 to 3 fold over the growing season for line 757 and line 1076. <br>This protein is ubiquitous in the environment. It degrades rapidly in vitro in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids. <br>The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENEBANK DNA database. <br>The full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided. <br>There was no detectable expression of the streptomycin/spectinomycin resistance marker used for selection of bacterial transformants during the development process. The gene is driven by a bacterial promoter and its lack of expression in the transformed plant was confirmed by specific ELISA.<br>3. Development Method<br>Coker line 312 cotton was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. The vector contained the T-DNA region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which virulence and plant disease-causing genes were removed, and genes coding for lepidopteran and kanamycin resistance were inserted. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was demonstrated in the BollgardTM cotton.<br>4. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome<br>The inserted T-DNA, including the partial genes, was well characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, for all 3 lines. The genes were stable across 4 generations, for lines 531 and 1076 as shown from data collected at 1 site. Line 757 has an intact T-DNA at one site and a partial T-DNA inserted at another site in the genome. The 2 insertions were inherited in a linked Mendelian manner. Stability for this line was tested and confirmed across 2 generations.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'MON-ØØ531-6', NULL, NULL),
(14, 15, 'Selection of somaclonal variants by culture of embryos on imidazolinone containing media.', '1. Imidazolinone Tolerance<br>Imidazolinones comprise a class of herbicide which target and bind to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of branched chain amino acids, resulting in a decrease in protein synthesis and eventual death of the plant. ALS catalyses the first reaction in the biosynthesis of the essential branched chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine and is active in the glycolytic pathway of plant metabolism. <br>Imidazolinone tolerance in 3751IR corn results from a mutation in the ALS enzyme. The mutant form of ALS in 3751IR prevents the binding of imidazolinone herbicides to the enzyme. Imidazolinones applied at rates recommended for effective weed control are phytotoxic to currently cultivated corn varieties. <br>The levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine are also regulated by feedback inhibition. Pioneer has provided literature references to show that the mutant ALS of the inbred line XA17, from which the hybrid 3751IR is derived, does not affect feedback inhibition and hence, the regulation of levels of these amino acids. <br>The levels of valine, leucine and isoleucine in whole plant extracts of 3751IR and its counterpart 3751, were not statistically different, showing that the activity of the ALS enzyme in 3751IR has not been affected by the mutation.<br>2. Development Method <br>Somatic embryos grown on imidazolinone enriched media were selected, and from these, the somaclonal variant cell line XA17 was isolated. This cell line was regenerated to a whole plant and crossed to the inbred line B73. <br>The XA17/B73 line was backcrossed into each of two proprietary Pioneer inbreds which were then crossed to produce the hybrid 3751IR.<br>3. Stability of Trait <br>The imidazolinone tolerance trait was shown to be stable and to display regular Mendelian segregation in progeny from XA17 crosses with several corn inbreds. <br>3751IR is homozygous for the imidazolinone tolerance trait. Homozygous progeny were found to be tolerant to imidazolinone at up to four times the recommended rate for soybeans. Heterozygous progeny, while expressing the herbicide tolerance trait, exhibited pronounced leaf chlorosis and stunted growth at these herbicide rates.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(15, 16, 'Insect-resistant and herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. kurstaki, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from <i>S. viridochromogenes</i>.', '1. Resistance to the European Corn Borer (ECB)<br>Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (B.t.k.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal protein crystals, including Cry1Ab that is active against lepidopteran insects such as ECB, corn earworm, spruce budworm, tent caterpillar, gypsy moth, diamondback moth, cabbage looper, tobacco budworm, and cabbage worm. The protein has been shown to be non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates, and beneficial insects. B.t.k.-based foliar insecticides have been registered for over 30 years and have a history of safe use. <br>The ECB resistance gene engineered into the corn hybrids X4334CBR and X4734CBR codes for a truncated version of Cry1Ab. Insecticidal activity results from the Cry1Ab protein binding to specific insect gut epithelium receptors, pore formation, loss of cations, and disruption of digestive processes following an osmotic pressure imbalance. Current knowledge indicates that only sensitive insects possess such receptors. <br>The cry1Ab gene, truncated and modified for enhanced plant expression, is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Protein production (referred to as B.t.k. protein in the present document) was quantified in roots, leaves, stalk epidermis, stalk pith, tassel, pollen, silk, ear shank, husk, cob, brace root and kernel. It was found throughout the plant with highest levels detected in leaf tissues and at younger stages of development, and lowest levels detected in pollen grains. Expression was found to average 28.87 µg/g (f.w.) of young leaf tissue, 15.23 µg/g (f.w.) of mature leaf tissue and 4.76 µg/g (f.w.) of homozygous seed tissue. <br>The resulting B.t.k. proteins include a 69 kDa protein, a major proteolytic fragment of 65 kDa and two minor fragments of 40 and 15 kDa. These fragments result from trypsin digestion and are also released following tryptic digestion of the original bacterial B.t.k. Cry1Ab protein purified from Escherichia coli. <br>The expressed 69 kDa protein and the proteolytic fragments were compared to the bacterial proteins, and shown to be of similar molecular weight, primary amino acid sequences, immunological reactivity, trypsin resistance and potential glycosylation sites, indicating that there were no insertional or post-transcriptional modifications. <br>The biological activity of the trypsinized Cry1Ab protein from the modified corn was the same as that of the native B.t.k. Cry1Ab on ECB, with a LC50 of 0.46-0.51 µg/ml (f.w.) and an EC50 of 0.060-0.067 µg/g (f.w.). Studies have shown that B.t.k. proteins were rapidly inactivated when subjected to simulated mammalian gastric fluids. After one week incubation in soil, 99% of the leaf B.t.k. proteins'' bioactivity was lost due to aerobic degradation. <br>The gene nucleotide sequence and the enzyme amino acid sequence were provided. <br>2. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance<br>Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into hybrids X4334CBR and 4734CBR was isolated from a common aerobic soil actinomycete and codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. It has extremely high substrate specificity; experimental data clearly showed that neither L-PPT''s analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid can be acetylated by the PAT enzyme. <br>The gene, modified for enhanced gene expression, is linked to a constitutive promoter. Expression was estimated to average 0.049 µg/g (f.w.) of leaf tissue, 0.027 µg/g (f.w.) of tassel tissue and 0.005 µg/g (f.w.) in silks. It was not detected in roots, kernels nor pollen. <br>The expressed PAT enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post transcriptional modifications. <br>Studies showed that the enzyme was inactivated within one minute when subjected to typical mammalian gastric conditions and is thus digested as a conventional dietary protein. <br>The gene nucleotide sequence and the enzyme amino acid sequence were provided. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENEBANK DNA database.<br>3. Development Method<br>The original transformations were made through the use of a direct transfer system which did not involve the use of a DNA carrier. These transformations were conducted under contract for Northrup King by a third party and the exact method is considered to be confidential business information.<br>4. Stable Integration into the Plants''Genomes<br>The data provided showed that only one copy of the gene was integrated at one insertion site. The single insertion site was mapped to the long arm of chromosome 8 using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) markers. <br>Mendelian inheritance of the insect resistance and herbicide tolerance genes was shown over two generations.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', 'SYN-BTØ11-1', NULL, NULL),
(16, 17, 'Somaclonal variants with a modified acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) were selected by culture of embryos on sethoxydim enriched medium.', '1. Sethoxydim Tolerance<br>Sethoxydim is a cyclohexanone herbicide registered in Canada for the control of annual and perennial grasses. Unmodified corn is not tolerant to sethoxydim, while broadleaved plants and some grasses such as annual ryegrass, green foxtail and red fescue are naturally tolerant to it. It is active against the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (ACCase) of susceptible plants. <br>The enzyme ACCase catalyzes an important step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids necessary for membrane synthesis and maintenance, and for incorporation into triacylglycerides. Herbicide induced inhibition results in a lethal disruption of lipid biosynthesis. <br>Dekalb Canada Inc. selected a corn line, S2, that produces an altered ACCase enzyme that is not inhibited by the herbicide while retaining its normal catalytic properties. The mutation also resulted in some level of cross-tolerance to the related herbicides haloxyfop (not registered in Canada), fluazifop (Venture) and quizalofop (Assure). These herbicides all have the same mode of action through ACCase inhibition. <br>ACCase activities of unmodified corn and homozygous seedlings derived from S2 were shown to be similar in the absence of herbicide. A hundred fold higher sethoxidym concentration was required to inhibit half of the Poast compatible corn''s ACCase activity, compared to the concentrations required to inhibit half of the unmodified corn''s ACCase activity.<br>2. Development Method<br>Somatic embryos surviving on sethoxydim enriched media were selected, and the somaclonal variant cell line S2 was then selected. <br>The original S2 line was backcrossed with both parental lines of the hybrid at least six times.<br>3. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome<br>Herbicide tolerance was consistently displayed by D404SR plants that were at least six generations away from the original variant. <br>The regenerated S2 plants were heterozygous for the mutant allele. The sethoxydim tolerance trait was shown to be inherited as a single partially dominant allele.<br>4. Nutrition<br>Nutritional composition for the modified and unmodified corn lines was compared. The selection of DK412SR and DK404SR corn lines through somaclonal variation has had no meaningful effect on the corn plant nutrient levels. The use of corn products derived from DK412SR and DK404SR corn lines would therefore have no significant impact on the nutritional quality of the Canadian food supply.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office; Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(17, 18, 'High laurate (12:0) and myristate (14:0) canola produced by inserting a thioesterase encoding gene from the California bay laurel (<i>Umbellularia californica</i>).', '<p style="text-align: justify;">The 23-198 and 23-18 lines of canola (Brassica napus) were developed through a specific genetic modification to produce oil that contains significant levels of lauric acid. The novel varieties were developed from the 212/86 canola variety by introduction of a gene from the California bay tree, the leaves of which are an alternative source of the spice &ldquo;bay leaf&rdquo; which is commercially harvested from Laurus nobilis. The introduced gene encodes a thioesterase enzyme that is active in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of the developing seed resulting in the accumulation triacylglycerides containing esterified lauric acid (12:0) and, to a lesser extent, myristic acid (14:0). The processed oil derived from these novel varieties has a level of lauric acid similar to that of coconut ant palm kernel oil. 1. Production of High Levels of Laurate in Seed Oil A gene from the California bay (Umbellularia californica) was introduced into the B. napus cultivar 212/86. This gene codes for a thioesterase (Bay TE), an enzyme active in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway of the developing seed. The gene is linked to a seed specific promoter, active only in developing seed embryos. As a consequence, expression occurs only in maturing seeds. Dry seeds and any other plant parts have immunologically undetectable levels of the enzyme. Gene expression results in the production of a 382 amino acid long preprotein that is transported to the stroma of plastids where a 60 amino acid transit peptide is removed to produce the mature Bay TE enzyme. This enzyme accounts for 0.015% of the total extractable protein at mid-maturation of the developing seed. Studies showed that the introduced Bay TE enzyme is not heat stable and is fully degraded into inactive peptides and amino acids following protease digestion. Two potential glycosylation sites were identified but glycosylation of plastid proteins is not known to occur. Thioesterases are ubiquitous in plants and animals and Bay TE is not expected to be toxic or allergenic to non-target organisms. When subjected to comparative analyses with genetic sequence databases, no significant homology was found with any known sequenced toxins or allergens, whereas significant homology was found with thioesterases from edible plant species. The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Activity of the Bay TE results in the accumulation of the saturated fatty acid laurate (12:0), and to a lesser extent, of the saturated fatty acid myristate (14:0), in triacylglycerol molecules of seed oil, at the expense of oleic acid and linoleic acid. 2. Neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. The kanamycin-resistance gene (neo), isolated from the bacterium Escherichia coli, codes for an enzyme that prevents kanamycin from binding to ribosomes, through phosphorylation, thereby rendering the cells resistant. It is very specific and is not known to affect any plant metabolic pathway. The gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Dry seeds have immunologically undetectable levels of the enzyme. The enzyme is ubiquitous in the environment. It degrades rapidly in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENEBANK DNA database. Toxic properties are not expected since: (1) the enzyme catalyses only a very specific reaction using aminoglycosidic antibiotics as a substrate, (2) despite wide usage, there have been no reports of toxicity of the protein in the literature and (3) enzyme levels are less than 0.0008% of total protein in seeds and leaves, and undetected in meal. The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. The presence of the kanamycin resistance gene in livestock feed should not compromise the efficacy of added antibiotics. Neomycin activity when mixed with meal from High Laurate canola remained stable for a period of 56 days, and was not different as compared to the control line. 3. Development Method The 23-198 and 23-18 lines were created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the gene encoding the enzyme 12:0 ACP thioesterase (bay TE) from the California bay tree (Umbellularia californica). The seed specific expression of this gene was regulated by the inclusion of sequences from the promoter and 3&rsquo;-polyadenylation signal regions of the napin gene from B. rapa. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Escherichia coli, strain K12. The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the bay TE gene. No other translatable DNA sequences were incorporated into the plant genome. The data from several generations of backcrossing demonstrated that the ACP thioesterase encoding gene was stably inherited. The original transformation event 23 was estimated to have 15 copies of the genes, at five independent genetic loci, as shown by Southern and segregation analyses. Lines 23-198 and 23-18-17 are several generations removed from the original transformant. Mendelian inheritance, and Southern and PCR analyses of third-generation material show the stability of the introduced genes as the bands did not change position. Some of the copies are segregating out, as expected, so that these lines may not be homogeneous for the number of copies present.</p><br>', '<p>Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office; Health Canada - Office of Food Biotechnology</p>', NULL, NULL, '2013-07-17 13:12:00'),
(18, 19, 'Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola produced by inserting genes encoding the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> and glyphosate oxidase from <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>.', '<b>1. The Roundup-Ready<sup>TM</sup> Genes </b><br>Two genes have been introduced into the variety Westar, which in combination provide field level tolerance to glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide. The exact nature of these genes is considered confidential business information by Monsanto. <br>The first gene expresses a bacterial derived version of a plant enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The plant version of this enzyme, ubiquitous in nature, is sensitive to glyphosate - the herbicide disrupts this essential pathway, leading to growth suppression or death of the plant. However, the bacterial derived version of this enzyme is highly insensitive to glyphosate and fulfils the aromatic amino acid needs of the plant. <br>The second gene, also a bacterial derived gene from a strain of a species ubiquitous in nature, expresses an enzyme that degrades glyphosate, thereby deactivating the herbicidal effect. In line GT73, the coding sequence of this gene had been altered to enhance the efficiency of glyphosate degradation, compared to the original bacterial version (see DD95-02). Line GT200 contains the original bacterial version. <br>A plant-derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with each of the Roundup-ReadyTM genes. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated Roundup-ReadyTM enzymes into the chloroplasts, the site of both the shikimate pathway and glyphosate mode-of-action. <br>Both genes associated with their transit peptide coding sequence, are linked to the same constitutive promoter. Expression of both Roundup-Ready proteins was quantified, and averaged 0.031 and 0.105 µg/mg (f.w.) in seeds, and 0.031 and 0.069 µg/mg (f.w.) in leaves. <br>The Roundup-ReadyTM proteins showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. The novel enzyme associated with the shikimate pathway, is a version of an enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature, and therefore would not be expected to be toxic or allergenic to non-target organisms. For the second novel enzyme, which degrades glyphosate, Monsanto describes experiments with a variety of substrates that show that it has a narrow substrate specificity, and appears not to affect any plant specific pathways. Both proteins are inactivated by heat, and by proteases in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids. <br><b>2. Development Method </b><br>Brassica napus variety Westar was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciensvector; the vector contained the transfer DNA (T-DNA) region of an <i>A. tumefaciens</i> plasmid from which virulence and disease causing genes were removed, and replaced with the Roundup-ReadyTM genes. The T-DNA portion of <i>A. tumefaciens</i> plasmids are generally known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in GT200. <br><b>3. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome </b><br>Monsanto has provided information on segregation and Southern blot analysis that demonstrates that GT200 has a single genetic insert, consisting of single copies of the Roundup-Ready genes. <br>GT200 is several generations removed from the original transformant. Mendelian inheritance of the herbicide tolerance, and Southern and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses of third-generation material field tested in 1992 show the stability of the introduced traits.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(19, 20, 'Colorado potato beetle resistant potatoes produced by inserting the <i>cry3A</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (subsp. Tenebrionis).', '1. Resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB)<br>Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (B.t.t.) is a common gram-positive soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal crystal Cry3A ð-endotoxins that are non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates, and beneficial insects. These proteins are used as environmentally acceptable foliar insecticides against CPB. <br>The CPB resistance gene engineered into NewleafTM potatoes codes for one of these insecticidal crystal proteins, active against specific Coleoptera such as CPB, elm leaf beetle and yellow mealworm. Insecticidal activity results from the Cry3A protein binding to specific insect gut epithelium receptors, pore formation, loss of cations, and disruption of digestive processes following an osmotic pressure imbalance. Current knowledge indicates that only sensitive insects possess such receptors. <br>The cry3A gene is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Protein production (referred to as B.t.t. protein in the present document) was quantified for the seven lines and found to average from 14.4 to 19.1 µg/g (f.w.) of leaf tissue and 0.8 µg/g (f.w.) of tuber tissue, corresponding to 0.09 to 0.12% of total foliage protein and 0.004% of total tuber protein. The mean whole plant expression for all seven lines was 6.64 µg/g (f.w.) of tissue, corresponding to 0.04% of the total plant protein. B.t.t. was expressed in foliage with little variation throughout the season. <br>The resulting B.t.t. proteins include a 68 kDa protein and two major proteolytic fragments of 55 kDa each. These two fragments account for 20-30% of the tuber B.t.t. protein, while only trace amounts are found in the leaves. A similar 55 kDa protein is also released in some B.t.t. registered microbial insecticides, and following tryptic digestion of the bacterial B.t. Cry3A protein purified from Escherichia coli. <br>The expressed 68 kDa protein and the 55 kDa fragments were compared to the bacterial proteins, and shown to be of similar molecular weight and immunological reactivity, indicating that there were no insertional or post-transcriptional modifications. Protein-bound carbohydrate residues were not detected, showing lack of glycosylation. The 68 kDa protein was shown to be of similar biological activity against CPB as the 68 kDa B.t. derived protein; preliminary data suggested that the 55 kDa fragments are more active than the 68 kDa protein. <br>Studies showed that the proteins were rapidly inactivated when subjected to typical mammalian acidic stomach conditions, i.e. in simulated gastric fluids. Aerobic soil degradation of the B.t.t. proteins is complete after 9 hours. <br>The gene nucleotide sequence and the enzyme amino acid sequence were provided. An amino acid database of allergens was used to search for homology between the B.t.t. protein and known sequenced allergens. No homology was found. <br>2. Kanamycin Resistance<br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. <br>The kanamycin-resistance gene, isolated from the bacterium E. coli, codes for an enzyme that phosphorylates kanamycin, thereby preventing it from binding to ribosomes and rendering the cells resistant. <br>The gene is linked to a constitutive promoter. Expression was estimated to average 0.339 µg/g (f.w.) of leaf tissue, and 0.197 µg/g (f.w.) of tuber tissue, corresponding to 0.002% of foliage protein and 0.001% of tuber protein . <br>This protein is ubiquitous in the environment. It degrades rapidly in vitro in simulated mammalian gastric and intestinal fluids. <br>The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENEBANK DNA database. <br>The full nucleotide sequence and corresponding amino acid sequence were provided.<br>3. Development Method<br>Russet Burbank potatoes were transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector; the vector contained the T-DNA region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which virulence and plant disease-causing genes were removed, and replaced with genes coding for CPB resistance and kanamycin resistance. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was demonstrated in these NewleafTM potatoes.<br>4. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome<br>The data provided showed that there was no incorporation of any coding region from outside the T-DNA borders. Single copies of the T-DNA are integrated at a single insertion site in lines BT6, BT12, BT17, and BT23. Line BT10 contains two copies inserted in tandem and BT16 contains two copies inserted at separate genetic loci. <br>The transformed plants were propagated vegetatively, and CPB resistance was expressed for at least four vegetative generations.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_descriptions` (`id`, `eventId`, `short`, `long`, `source`, `trialCode`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(20, 21, 'Glyphosate tolerant soybean variety produced by inserting a modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from the soil bacterium <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.', '<b>1. Glyphosate Tolerance</b> <br>Glyphosate, the active ingredient of Roundup®, acts as a competitive inhibitor of 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase), an essential enzyme of the shikimate biochemical pathway, involved in the production of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. This inhibition results in growth suppression and plant death. <br>The inserted glyphosate tolerance gene codes for a bacterial version of this essential enzyme, ubiquitous in plants, fungi and microorganisms. This enzyme is highly insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate and therefore fulfills the aromatic amino acid metabolic needs of the plant. <br>A plant-derived DNA sequence coding for a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with the glyphosate tolerance gene. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated EPSP synthase into chloroplasts, where both the shikimate pathway and glyphosate site of action are located. The transit peptide is degraded rapidly and completely by proteases after the import has occurred. <br>The gene, associated with its transit peptide coding sequence, is linked to a strong constitutive promoter. Protein expression was quantified, and averaged 0.239 µg/mg (f.w.) in seeds and 0.495 µg/mg (f.w.) in leaves. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the inserted gene was provided. The resulting enzyme was shown to be functionally and structurally similar to bacterial enzymes of the same type frequently found in food and feed products. Molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated, nor had it undergone post-transcriptional modifications. <br>Studies showed that the introduced EPSP synthase was not heat stable, and that activity was lost after incubation at 65°C for 15 minutes. It was not stable in the presence of proteases in mammalian digestive tract, and was inactivated during processing required to manufacture soybeans into feed ingredients. <br>EPSP synthase is ubiquitous in nature and is not expected to be toxic or allergenic to non-target organisms. When subjected to comparative analyses with three genetic sequence databases of toxic or allergenic polypeptides, the enzyme amino acid sequence showed no significant homology with any known toxin or allergen. <br><b>2. Development Method </b><br>The soybean commercial variety A5403 (Asgrow Seed Co.) was transformed using particle bombardment, with a modified E. coli plasmid vector containing the genes coding for glyphosate tolerance and for production of ß-glucuronidase, a screenable marker. The original transformant selected showed two insertion sites, one with the screenable marker, and the other with the glyphosate tolerance gene. These two sites subsequently segregated independently in the following sexual generation, and line GTS 40-3-2, upon analysis, was found to contain just one insertion site in which is integrated the glyphosate tolerance gene only. <br><b>3. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome </b><br>The data provided showed that there was no incorporation of any coding region from outside the fusion gene in the original plasmid vector, consisting of the glyphosate tolerance gene, combined with the transit peptide coding sequence, in addition to their regulatory sequences. Only one copy was integrated at the single insertion site. <br>Following generations demonstrated no further segregation of the fusion gene described above, showing that line GTS 40-3-2 was homozygous for that fusion gene. DNA analyses over six generations showed that the insertion was stable. <br><b>4. Updated Information (Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada)</b> <br>On May 19, Monsanto Canada submitted additional information to Health Canada on the detection of additional DNA in their Roundup Ready soybean (glyphosate tolerant soybean GTS 40-3-2). The company had detected the additional DNA as a result of their routine quality control program. Roundup Ready Soybean was previously approved by Health Canada in 1996 for sale as food in the Canadian marketplace. Health Canada regulators conducted a thorough and rigorous review of the supplementary data and found no health or safety concerns for humans. The new data demonstrates that the additional DNA was present in the original seeds approved in 1996 and in all other progeny derived from the original line. The newly detected DNA does not express mRNA or proteins and only the expected full length mRNA and CP4 EPSPS protein is found in Roundup Ready soybean. This soybean has undergone a thorough process of testing, analysis and assessment to ensure that it is wholesome, nutritious and above all, safe to eat. <br><b>5. Updated Information From Monsanto</b> <br>In 1999, Monsanto published detailed methods for the detection of Roundup Ready soybeans in processed samples using immuno-detection (ELISA and western blotting) of CP4 EPSPS, the protein conferring the Roundup Ready trait. While this work was being completed, and in response to emerging needs for detection methods on a global basis, Monsanto also developed DNA-based line identification methods, first using high sensitivity Southern blotting, and now using DNA sequence tags based on insert/genomic DNA junctions. <br>Monsanto previously reported to regulatory agencies (in 1994) and published in the scientific literature (in 1995) the molecular map of the functional insert of the CP4 EPSPS cassette as required by regulatory agencies at that time. Using more sensitive Southern blotting methods, a second 72 bp DNA insert (from CP4 EPSPS) was found. This non-functional second insert co-segregates with the functional insert. As a result of DNA sequencing of the insert/genomic DNA, an additional 250 bp segment of CP4 EPSPS DNA was also identified immediately 3'' to the transcriptional termination signal of the primary CP4 EPSPS gene cassette. Sequence analysis, western and northern blotting confirmed that these two segments are non-functional. Pedigree analyses confirmed that these segments of CP4 EPSPS were present in RR soybeans evaluated during all safety assessment studies and are present in commercial varieties. DNA sequence determination of these inserts more precisely describes the molecular details of the inserted DNA in RR soybeans. This information does not impact the completed food and environmental safety assessments.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office; Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', 'MON-Ø4Ø32-6', NULL, NULL),
(21, 22, 'Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.', '1. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance<br>Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into HCN92 codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. It has extremely high substrate specificity; experimental data clearly showed that neither L-PPT''s analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid can be acetylated by the PAT enzyme. <br>The PAT gene was originally isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil actinomycete. The PAT enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>The gene is linked to a constitutive promoter, and protein expression was detected in roots, leaves, buds and seeds. However, it was not detected in stem tissue, protein extracts from the pollen, or unprocessed honey. Maximum expression was 0.001% of total plant protein. <br>The expressed PAT enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post transcriptional modifications. Studies showed that the enzyme was inactivated within one minute when subjected to typical mammalian stomach conditions and was inactivated during processing of canola seed into feed ingredients. <br>The gene nucleotide sequence and the enzyme amino acid sequence were provided. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology the toxins or allergens entered in to GENEBANK DNA database.<br>2. Kanamycin Resistance<br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. <br>The kanamycin-resistance gene codes for an enzyme that prevents kanamycin from binding to ribosomes, thereby rendering the cells resistant. The exact nature of the enzyme is considered Confidential Business Information by AgrEvo. The source of the gene was described, and the full nucleotide sequence was provided. <br>The gene is linked to a weak constitutive promoter; expression was consistently stronger in root tissue, but was also observed in buds, leaves, and crude seed samples. The enzyme was not detected in unprocessed honey or pollen samples and was inactivated during processing of canola seed into feed ingredients. <br>The expressed enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post-transcriptional modifications. <br>The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with the toxins or allergens entered in the GENEBANK DNA database.<br>3. Development Method<br>Brassica napus cultivar Topas was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector; the vector contained the T-DNA region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which virulence and plant disease-causing genes were removed, and replaced with genes coding for glufosinate ammonium tolerance and kanamycin resistance. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in HCN92. <br>The transformant was crossed with B. napus line ACSN3, then with AC Excel; HCN92 was derived from a bulk of single F3 plants selected from the cross. <br>4. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome<br>The provided data showed that there was no incorporation of any coding region from outside the T-DNA borders and that gene integration occurred at only one insertion site. <br>HCN92 is several generations removed from the original transformant. Comparisons between the original transgenic plant and the HCN92 line show no difference in the presence and expression of both genes, nor in the insertion site.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(22, 24, 'Selection of somaclonal variants with altered acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzymes, following chemical mutagenesis. Two lines (P1,P2) were initially selected with modifications at different unlinked loci. NS738 contains the P2 mutation only.', '1. Imidazolinone Tolerance<br>Imidazolinone herbicides are active against the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), also known as acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. <br>This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the essential branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine and valine. Herbicide induced ALS inhibition results in a lethal decrease in protein synthesis. Unmodified canola is not tolerant to imidazolinones, while soybeans, peas, white beans and kidney beans are naturally tolerant to them. <br>The genome of Brassica napus contains an ALS multigene family comprising five genes, two of which are constitutively expressed, share extensive homology with ALS genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum, and are assumed to encode the primary ALS activities necessary for plant growth and development. <br>Modifications of ALS genes in various plant species can result in herbicide tolerant phenotypes and typically consist of one amino acid substitution, sufficient to alter the binding site for imidazolinones such that the herbicide no longer inactivates the ALS enzyme. <br>Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. selected two B. napus lines, P1 and P2, with altered ALS enzymes not inhibited by the herbicide. The modifications in P1 and P2 occur at different and unlinked loci, presumably representing different ALS genes. Lines NS1471 and NS1473 contain both mutations, while line NS738 contains the P2 mutation only. The novel ALS enzyme in line P2 has been isolated and sequenced: it differs from the native gene by one amino acid substitution. <br>The novel imidazolinone resistance is constitutively expressed and synthesis of the branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine and valine, is not affected by the ALS modifications in NS1471, NS1473 and NS738.<br>2. Development Method <br>NS738, NS1471 and NS1473 were developed from the in vitro culture of microspores, from the B. napus cultivar Topas, mutagenized with ethyl nitrosourea and selected on imidazolinone containing culture medium. The regenerated haploid plantlets were recovered and treated with colchicine to induce chromosome duplication resulting in doubled-haploid plants. <br>The two imidazolinone tolerant lines P1 and P2 were selected and crossed reciprocally then crossed with B. napus cultivars Topas and Regent, and the progeny subjected to repeated cycles of selfing and further breeding. <br>3. Stable Expression<br>NS738, NS1471 and NS1473 are now several generations removed from the original modified materials, and still consistently show imidazolinone resistance.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(23, 25, 'Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. kurstaki.  The genetic modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB).', '1. Resistance to European Corn Borer (ECB)<br>Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (B.t.k.) is an endospore-forming, gram-positive, soil-borne bacterium. In its spore forming stage, it produces several insecticidal protein crystals, including the ð-endotoxin Cry1Ab which is active against certain lepidopteran insects such as ECB, Spruce Budworm, Tent caterpillar, Gypsy moth, Diamondback moth, Cabbage looper, Tobacco budworm, and Cabbage worm. The protein has been repeatedly shown to be non-toxic to humans, other vertebrates and beneficial insects. B.t.k.-based foliar insecticides have been registered for over 30 years in Canada and have a long history of safe use. <br>A synthetic cry1Ab gene, derived from B.t.k. strain HD-1, coding for a truncated form of the Cry1Ab ð-endotoxin, and modified to enhance its expression in corn was developed. The synthetic gene has approximately 65% homology at the nucleotide level with the native gene. The truncated Cry1Ab protein contains the insecticidal region of the native Cry1Ab. The insecticidal protein binds to receptor sites in the epithelium of the susceptible insect''s mid-gut, resulting in the formation of pores, disruption of the osmotic potential of the cells, cessation of feeding and the eventual death of the insect. <br>Event 176 was transformed with two of these synthetic cry1Ab genes. One gene is linked to a specific promoter which confers expression in green tissue, while the other is linked to a pollen-specific promoter, resulting in expression in pollen. Expression of the Cry1Ab protein in green tissues is intended to render the plant resistant to first generation ECB larvae feeding on leaves. Expression in pollen is intended to target second generation ECB larvae, which are known to feed on pollen. <br>Cry1Ab production was quantified in leaves and pollen among three genotypes. Expression in leaves, across genotypes, ranged from 0.596 to 1.159 µg/g (fresh weight) in seedlings, 0.530 to 3.029 µg/g (f.w.) at anthesis, 0.442 to 0.471 µg/g (f.w.) at physiological maturity, and 0.066 to 0.225 µg/g (f.w.) at senescence. Maximum expression in leaves was detected at either the vegetative or anthesis stages, depending on the genotype tested, and expression in all genotypes declined as plants senesced. Expression in pollen, across genotypes, ranged from 1.137 to 2.348 µg/g (f.w.). Expression of Cry1Ab in roots (<0.008 µg/g f.w.), pith (<0.008 µg/g f.w.), and kernels (<0.005 µg/g f.w) was below levels of quantification. Whole plant expression at anthesis, as a percentage of total protein ranged from 0.00025 to 0.0014 % (f.w.). <br>Biological activity of the truncated Cry1Ab protein produced in Event 176 leaves was compared to that of the native B.t.k. Cry1Ab on ECB, and other lepidopteran species. While quantitative comparisons were not possible, a similar rank order of sensitivity was observed to the Event 176 and native B.t.k. proteins among the tested lepidopteran species, other than Southwestern Corn Borer which did not feed on the Event 176 leaf extract. Non-susceptible species were unaffected by either the Event 176-expressed or native Cry1Ab proteins. <br>Western blot analyses of Event 176-expressed Cry1Ab, and of the native protein, displayed similar bands at approximately 65 kDa. Three additional immunoreactive proteins weighing approximately 60, 40 and 36 kDa were also detected in the leaves, but not in the pollen. It was suggested that these may represent breakdown products resulting from intrinsic proteolysis in Event 176 leaves. Toxicological studies were conducted using corn-expressed leaf and pollen Cry1Ab protein, thus the potential toxicity of the additional peptides detected in the leaves was assessed. <br>No evidence was found of post-translational modifications such as acetylation, glycosylation or phosphorylation in Event 176-expressed cry1Ab gene. <br>Cry1Ab protein from Event 176 leaves was subjected to in vitro digestibility studies under simulated mammalian gastric conditions and was shown to be digested as conventional dietary protein.<br>2. Glufosinate Ammonium Herbicide Tolerance<br>The glufosinate ammonium tolerance gene (bar gene), derived from the common soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus, codes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT), and is linked to a constitutive promoter active in all plant tissues except pollen. Phosphinothricin, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, is the active moiety of glufosinate ammonium. The herbicidal activity of phosphinothricin is characterized by the inhibition of glutamine synthetase resulting in the accumulation of lethal amounts of ammonia in the plant. PAT catalyses the acetylation of phosphinothricin, thus eliminating its herbicidal activity. <br>PAT was shown to act specifically on phosphinothricin, since no other activity was observed on other common acetyltransferase substrates, including pyruvate, choline or serine. <br>A sequence similarity search for the PAT protein revealed similarity only to other phosphinothricin resistance gene products and no similarity was found to known sequenced toxins. <br>Southern blot analysis revealed that the bar gene is present in transformed tissue, however, PAT protein levels were below the limit of quantification in tested tissues (&lt; 0.2 ppm in leaf, root, pith and whole plant samples). <br>In vitro digestibility studies, under simulated mammalian gastric conditions, were conducted with E. coli expressed PAT and revealed that this protein is digested as conventional dietary protein. <br>This trait was introduced to permit the identification of transformed embryos on selective medium and is also used to track genes during plant breeding.<br>3. Development Method<br>Two synthetic cry1Ab genes were cloned into a single plasmid vector. A second vector contained the herbicide tolerance gene (bar). These genes were introduced into the corn by microprojectile bombardment of immature embryos. Southern blot analysis indicated that there may be two or more copies of each plasmid integrated into the genome of Event 176. An ampicillin resistance gene, regulated by a bacterial promoter, also present in the vectors used to transform Event 176, was not expressed in either leaf tissue or pollen as confirmed by assays and Northern blot analysis. Other regulatory DNA elements inserted to enhance expression levels of cry1Ab did not code for any other protein.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biotechnology Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(24, 29, 'Bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting  a nitrilase encoding gene from <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.', 'The BXN™ line of cotton (Gossypium hyrsutum) was developed through a specific genetic modification to be resistant to the activity of oxynil-containing herbicides, such as bromoxynil. The oxynil family of herbicides is active against dicotyledonous plants by blocking electron flow during the light reaction of photosynthesis. The novel variety was developed by insertion of a gene encoding a bacterial enzyme that hydrolyses ioxynil and bromoxynil into non-phytotoxic compounds. The modified cotton line permits farmers to use oxynil-containing herbicides for weed control in the cultivation of cotton.<br>The BXN™ cotton line was created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the gene encoding the enzyme nitrilase from the soil bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Escherichia coli, strain K12. There was no incorporation of translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region.<br>Refined edible cottonseed oil does not contain any detectable protein and consists of purified glycerides. Using a sensitive Western blotting technique that was capable of detecting the enzymes nitrilase and NPTII at levels of 0.1 ppm and 0.01 ppm, respectively, there were no detectable amounts of either of these proteins in refined oil from BXN™ cotton.', 'Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(25, 30, 'Zucchini yellows mosaic (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2 resistant squash (<i> Curcurbita pepo</i>) produced by inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from each of these plant potyviruses into the host genome.', 'The yellow crookneck squash (Curcurbita pepo L.), line ZW-20, was developed through a specific genetic modification of variety YC77E to be resistant to infection by two plant viruses WMV2 and ZYMV, which are members of the potyvirus group. The novel variety was developed by insertion of the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from these two single-stranded RNA viruses. The introduced viral sequences do not result in the formation of any infectious particles, nor does their expression result in any disease pathology. The genetically modified squash exhibits the trait of resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by these viruses through a process that is related to viral cross-protection.<br>The ZW-20 squash line was created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the coat protein genes from each of the two viruses. The constitutive expression of these genes was regulated by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV). In addition, the sequence of the WMV2 coat protein was introduced as a 5’-chimera that included the sequence encoding the N-terminal 16 amino acids of the CaMV coat protein. While the gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) was incorporated into the Ti plasmid vector used for transformation, only plants lacking this gene were selected for commercialization. The gene encoding NPTII is, therefore, not present in the ZW-20 genome. There was no incorporation of plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region as verified by Southern blot analysis.<br>Constitutive expression of the ZYMV and WMV2 coat proteins in transgenic squash were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and found to range between 73 – 1218 mg/kg fresh weight and 47-112 mg/kg fresh weight, respectively. This level of expression was significantly lower than measured levels of ZYMV and WMV2 coat protein in zucchini squash, yellow crookneck squash, cantaloupe and honeydew melons from supermarket shelves. These latter levels have been estimated to be up to 268 and 421 fold greater than the corresponding amounts of ZYMV and WMV2 CP produced in transgenic squash. Human consumption of viral coat proteins occurs whenever virus-infected plant products are consumed, or where crops have been protected from virus infection by classical cross-protection using a mild or symptomless strain of the virus. Other than susceptibility to virus infection, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of line ZW-20 were comparable to non-transgenic counterparts.', 'Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(26, 31, 'Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant papaya produced by inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from this plant potyvirus.', 'The transgenic  Sunset'' papaya lines 55-1 and 63-1 have been developed to resist infection by papaya ringspot virus (PRV). <br> The gene conferring viral resistance was introduced via recombinant DNA (genetic -<br> engineering) techniques rather than conventional breeding techniques.  The<br> recombinant techniques enabled the developer to introduce a viral coat protein gene<br> from a mild strain of PRV into the genome of  Sunset'' papaya.   Incorporation of the<br> PRV coat protein gene into papaya to yield the transgenic  Sunset'' papaya lines 55-1<br> and 63-1 does not cause plant disease, but rather enables the plants to resist infection by<br> PRV.  The PRV coat protein gene was introduced into the papaya as part of a genetic<br> construct that also included the nptII and uidA (gus) genes which serve as genetic<br> marker genes.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 96-051-01p.', '55-1/63-1', NULL, NULL),
(27, 32, 'Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.', '1. Development of the Modified Plant<br>The T45 transformant was produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivar AC Excel with additional genetic material (DNA). The introduced DNA is based on the pat gene which was originally isolated from a common soil bacterium, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, and encodes the enzyme, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT). The gene inroduced in transformants T45 was modified to optimize its expression in plants without altering the amino acid sequence it encodes.<br>Molecular analysis of T45 plants indicated that a single copy of the transferred DNA was incorporated into the B. napus genome. The only gene transferred into the T45 transformant was the pat gene, and the integration of the transferred DNA was demonstrated to be stable.<br>2. Product Information<br>Expression of the pat gene in T45 plants results in the production of the PAT protein in canola tissues at low levels (&lt; 0.5 ppm). The PAT protein mediates the rapid metabolism of glufosinate ammonium. Analysis demonstrated that the PAT protein or its enzymatic activity could not be detected in the refined oil, the only canola product used for human consumption.<br>The only newly expressed material in T45-derived plants is the PAT protein. The PAT protein is an enzyme which is highly specific for glufosinate ammonium, and does not possess proteolytic or heat stability. PAT has been compared with known toxins and allergens in the GENBANK database which demonstrated that the amino acid sequence of the PAT protein did not share similarity with sequences of known toxins or allergens.', 'Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(28, 33, 'Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.', 'NULL', 'NULL', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(29, 34, 'Insect-resistant and bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting the <i>cry1Ac</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> and a nitrilase encoding gene  from <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.', '31807 and 31808, that are defined as those<br> cotton plants that express cryIA(c) gene coding for CryIA(c) toxin protein from the<br> Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) that confers insect resistance to<br> lepidopteran insects and the bromoxynil-specific nitrilase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. <br> Another gene (kanR) that is used to select for the transgenic plants in the laboratory has<br> been introduced into these plants.  This marker gene, from Escherichia coli, encodes<br> the enzyme, neomycin phosphotransferase, that inactivates the antibiotic kanamycin<br> (and its chemical relatives).  Two promoters were used to direct the expression of these<br> genes in the plant.  Promoters direct the production of the proteins to the cells where<br> the gene product must be produced so the transgenic plants express the desired<br> phenotype.  One promoter was derived from cauliflower mosaic virus and is called the<br> 35S promoter and the second was a chimera of the 35S promoter and the promoter<br> from a mannopine synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.  These genes were<br> introduced into these cotton plants via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation<br> protocol.  This is a well-characterized procedure that has been used widely for over a<br> decade for introducing various genes of interest directly into plant genomes.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-013-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(30, 35, 'Introduction of a variant form of acetolactate synthase (ALS).', 'Line 19-51a was developed by recombinant DNA techniques to introduce a<br>sulfonylurea tolerant form of ALS gene, which encodes an acetolactate synthase<br>(ALS) enzyme.  The ALS enzyme produced in these transgenic cotton lines is a<br>resistant form of the similar enzyme present in all plants, bacteria and<br>fungi, and thereby confers resistance or tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides. <br>The ALS gene used in the cotton line 19-51a is a chimeric gene construct that<br>combines two different ALS genes that both encode herbicide sensitive versions<br>of ALS (Mazur et al. 1987).  Through site directed mutagenesis the tobacco ALS<br>genes were altered to confer resistance to sulfonylurea herbicide.  This<br>recombinant ALS gene designated S4-HrA codes for the resistant from of the ALS<br>enzyme that differs in two amino acids, and confers tolerance to sulfonylurea<br>herbicide in the transgenic cotton line 19-51a.  The transgenic cotton line<br>that is the subject of the petition were developed by a widely used technique<br>called Agro-infection which essentially involves using a plant pathogenic<br>strain of A. tumefaciens, and its disarmed plasmid vector (Hoekema et al.<br>1983; Ooms et al. 1981; Ooms et al. 1982).  The chimeric S4-HrA gene was<br>cloned into A. tumefaciens LBA4404.  The S4-HrA gene was transformed into<br>cotton plant cells via a "disarmed" Ti-plasmid vector.  The variety of cotton<br>that was used in developing the line 19-51a is the cultivar Coker 312.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 95-256-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(31, 36, 'Male sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; fertility restoration by insertion of the barstar RNase inhibitor; PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.', 'Pending.', 'NULL', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(32, 37, 'Male sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; fertility restoration by insertion of the barstar RNase inhibitor; PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus.', 'Pending.', 'NULL', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(33, 38, 'Cucumber mosiac virus (CMV), zucchini yellows mosaic (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2 resistant squash ( Curcurbita pepo) produced by inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from each of these plant viruses into the host genome.', 'The yellow crookneck squash (Curcurbita pepo L.), line CZW-3, was developed through a specific genetic modification to be resistant to infection by three plant viruses WMV2, ZYMV and CMV. WMV2 and ZYMV are members of the potyvirus group and CMV is the type member of the cucumovirus group. The novel variety was developed by insertion of the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from these three single-stranded RNA viruses. The introduced viral sequences do not result in the formation of any infectious particles, nor does their expression result in any disease pathology. The genetically modified squash exhibits the trait of resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by these viruses through a process that is related to viral cross-protection.<br>The CZW-3 squash line was created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the coat protein genes from each of the three viruses. The constitutive expression of these genes was regulated by the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Echerichia coli, strain K12. The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the viral CP genes. There was no incorporation of plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region as verified by Southern blot analysis.<br>Constitutive expression of the CMV coat protein in transgenic squash was estimated to be 5.9-10.8 mg/kg fruit tissue. This level of expression was significantly lower than measured levels of ZYMV, WMV2 and CMV coat protein in zucchini squash, yellow crookneck squash, cantaloupe and honeydew melons from supermarket shelves. Human consumption of viral coat proteins occurs whenever virus-infected plant products are consumed, or where crops have been protected from virus infection by classical cross-protection using a mild or symptomless strain of the virus.', 'Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(34, 39, 'Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>.', '<p>GRS lines W62 and W98 have been genetically engineered to express the bar gene originally isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that confers tolerance to the application of the phosphinothricin class of herbicides by coding for a phosphinothricin-N-acetyltrasferase (PAT) enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of the active ingredient Glufosinate-Ammonium to the inactive form L-phosphinothricin. In addition, GRS lines W62 and W98 also express a selectable marker gene, gus, coding for á-glucuronidase. GRS lines A2704-12, A2704-21, and A5547-35 express the pat gene which is a synthetic version of the PAT coding gene originally isolated from S. viridochromogenes. The gus gene expressed only in W62 and W98 lines was originally isolated from Escherichia coli.</p><br><p>AgrEvo submitted its petition after numerous field tests of GRS lines at 197 sites  throughout the continental United States under 8 permits and 26 notifications. Field  trial reports from these tests demonstrate that the transformed lines had no deleterious effects on plants, did not exhibit weedy characteristics, and had no effect on nontarget organisms or the general environment.</p><br><p> An Environmental Assessment (EA) was prepared prior to granting field test permits</p><br><p> involving the GRS lines. The EA for the previous introductions of GRS lines</p><br><p> addressed plant pest risk issues relative to the conduct of field trials under physical and</p><br><p> reproductive confinement. This EA specifically addresses the potential impacts of the</p><br><p> GRS lines to the human environment through the unrestricted use in agriculture. The</p><br><p> U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the authority over the potential uses</p><br><p> of the herbicide glufosinate (Basta , Ignite , Rely , Liberty , Harvest , and</p><br><p> Finale ) in conjunction with GRS lines through the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and</p><br><p> Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).</p><br><p> APHIS has considered the information provided by AgrEvo in its petition as well as</p><br><p> other scientific data, information, and comments received from the public relating to</p><br><p> potential plant pest risk and related environmental impacts of the GRS lines. A</p><br><p> thorough evaluation of the potential for significant impact to the human environment</p><br><p> through the unconfined, agricultural use of GRS lines resulted in a Finding of No</p><br><p> Significant Impact (FONSI) by APHIS. This conclusion is based upon (1) the nature of</p><br><p> the genetic modification; (2) the fact that soybean has no weedy relatives with which it</p><br><p> can interbreed in the United States and its territories; and (3) the fact that this</p><br><p> modification will not increase the weediness potential of the soybeans or negatively</p><br><p> affect any nontarget organisms, including beneficials. In conjunction with the FONSI,</p><br><p> APHIS has made the determination that GRS lines and their progeny have no potential</p><br><p> to pose a plant pest risk and are, therefore, determined to be no longer regulated articles</p><br><p> according to 7CFR 340.</p><br>', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 96-068-01p.', NULL, NULL, '2013-06-20 09:46:19'),
(35, 40, 'Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>.', 'Soybean transformation event A5547-127 has been<br> genetically engineered to express a single copy of the<br> synthetic pat gene isolated from a soil bacterium<br> Streptomyces viridochromogenes that results in the<br> expression of an enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl<br> transferase (PAT), which confers resistance to glufosinate<br> herbicide.  In addition the glufosinate resistant soybean<br> transformation event A5547-127 also contains partial<br> copies of the bacterial selection marker gene bla that is not expressed.   <br> The soybean transformation event A5547-127 has been<br> transformed with a vector pB2/35SAcK (has the same<br> backbone structure derived from pUC plasmids) that has <br> only two functional genes, viz the phosphinothricin acetyl<br> transferase pat, and bla coding for ampicillin resistance<br> via the enzyme  -lactamase.  Only the pat is fully intact<br> and functional in the plants whereas the bla gene is not. <br> The pat gene is under the influence of 35S cauliflower<br> mosaic virus promoter and terminator.  Glufosinate resistant soybean transformation event A5547-<br> 127 is significantly similar to the antecedent organisms<br> described in the AgrEvo petition 96-068-01p except that it<br> was developed by a new transformation event using the same<br> biolistic particle bombardment technique.  A5547-127 is<br> tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate and exhibits the<br> identical agronomic characteristics as the antecedent organisms.  <br> A5547-127 contains broken bla gene which is not expressed<br> and all the regulatory sequences used to express the pat<br> gene come from the cauliflower mosaic virus, a well known<br> plant pest.  The vector used for transformation also has<br> the same backbone drawn from pUC family of vectors.  In<br> addition, A5547-127 contains a single copy of the pat gene<br> where as the antecedent organisms had 3 copies of the<br> same.   There is no gus gene in A5547-127.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 98-014-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(36, 41, 'High oleic acid soybean produced by inserting a second copy of the fatty acid desaturase (GmFad2-1) encoding gene from soybean, which resulted in "silencing" of the endogenous host gene.', 'Soybean sublines G94-1, G94-19 and G168 have been developed in an effort to<br> improve the quality of oil derived from soybean seed by increasing their oleic acid<br> content.  Sublines G94-1, G94-19 and G168 are homozygous for the coding region of<br> the GmFad2-1 gene isolated from Glycine max in the sense orientation under the<br> control of a seed-specific promoter.  The introduction of GmFad2-1 causes a<br> coordinate silencing, or sense suppression, of itself and the endogenous GmFad2-1<br> gene resulting in a soybean whose oil has an oleic acid content that exceeds 80%. <br> Conventional soybeans have an oleic acid content of 24%.  The GmFad2-1 gene<br> encodes for a seed-specific delta-12 desaturase that is involved in the synthesis of<br> polyunsaturated fatty acids in developing seeds.  In addition, sublines G94-1, G94-19<br> and G168 have been genetically modified to contain two other genes, which are present<br> but not expressed in the plant.  The beta-glucuronidase (uidA) gene from Escherichia<br> coli, serves as a reporter gene, allowing the selection of transformed plants in the<br> laboratory.   The  ampicillin resistance gene, beta-lactamase (bla) from Escherichia coli<br> is used for selection when the construct is in E. coli cells.   Neither the uidA gene nor<br> the bla genes are expressed in the soybean sublines under review.  The original<br> transformant also contained the dapA gene from the bacterium Corynebacterium<br> glutanicum, encoding dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase, expression of which can lead to<br> an increase in free lysine content.  The dapA gene was inserted independently from the<br> GmFad2-1 gene and was lost via segregation, and is thus not present in the subject<br> soybean lines.  The genes were introduced into the parent soybean line (Asgrow<br> A2396) via the particle bombardment technique that results in direct introduction of<br> genes into the plant genome.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-008-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(37, 42, 'Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>.', 'Soybean transformation event GU262 has been genetically engineered to express two <br> copies of the synthetic pat gene isolated from a soil bacterium Streptomyces<br> viridochromogenes that results in the expression of an enzyme phosphinothricin acetyl<br> transferase (PAT), which confers resistance to glufosinate herbicide.  In addition the<br> glufosinate resistant soybean transformation event GU262 also contains partial copies of<br> the bacterial selection marker gene bla that is not expressed.   <br> The soybean transformation event GU262 has been transformed with a vector<br> pB2/35SAcK (has the same backbone structure derived from pUC plasmids) that has <br> only two functional genes, viz the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase pat, and bla<br> coding for ampicillin resistance via the enzyme  -lactamase.  Only the pat is fully intact<br> and functional in the plants whereas the bla gene is not.  The pat gene is under the<br> influence of 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and terminator. Glufosinate resistant soybean transformation event GU262 is significantly similar to the<br> antecedent organisms described in the AgrEvo petition 96-068-01p except that it was<br> developed by a new transformation event using the same biolistic particle bombardment<br> technique.  GU262 is tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate and exhibits the identical<br> agronomic characteristics as the antecedent organisms.  <br> GU262 contains broken bla gene which is not expressed and all the regulatory<br> sequences used to express the pat gene come from the cauliflower mosaic virus, a well<br> known plant pest.  The vector used for transformation also has the same backbone<br> drawn from pUC family of vectors.  In addition, GU262 contains two copies of the pat<br> gene where as the antecedent organisms had 1-5 copies of the same.   There is no gus<br> gene in GU262.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 98-238-01p.', 'GU262', NULL, NULL),
(38, 43, 'Delayed ripening tomatoes produced by inserting an additional copy of a truncated gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxyllic acid (ACC) synthase, which resulted in downregulation of the endogenous ACC synthase and reduced ethylene accumulation.', '<p>The 1345-4 line of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was developed through a specific genetic modification of cultivar 91103-114 to exhibit a decreased activity of the enzyme 1- minocyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase. This endogenous enzyme is responsible for the conversion of s-adenosylmethionine to ACC, which is the immediate precursor of ethylene, a phytohormone known to play a key role in fruit ripening. The in situ accumulation of ethylene in the transgenic tomatoes is only about 1/50 the level found in the unmodified parental line and the fruit does not fully ripen unless an external source of ethylene is applied. The inbred line 1345-4 tomato was created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained a 3&rsquo;-truncated open reading frame corresponding to the sequence of the ACC synthase encoding gene from &ldquo;Golden Nugget&rdquo; tomato. The expression of this truncated ACC synthase gene was controlled by inclusion of sequences from the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and the 3&rsquo;-polyadenylation signal from the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Escherichia coli, strain K12, under the control of the nos promoter from A. tumefaciens. The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the truncated ACC synthase gene. There was no incorporation of translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region. While not completely understood, the mechanism of &ldquo;downregulation&rdquo; of the endogenous ACC synthase gene is likely linked to the coordinate suppression of transcription of both the endogenous gene and the introduced truncated ACC synthase gene. While transcription of the truncated ACC synthase gene was detected in transgenic tomato tissues, no expression of a protein product was detectable. The presence of NPTII protein has been judged to be insignificant with respect to any human health risk due to exposure. Alpha-tomatine is the principal naturally occurring glycoalkaloid in tomato, and the level of a-tomatine decreases as the fruit matures so that the amounts in vine-ripened red tomatoes are negligible. The concentration of a-tomatine in immature tomatoes from transgenic line 1345-4 was 1.13-1.37 mg/100g fresh weight tissue, as compared with 3.37-3.59 mg/100g fresh weight tissue for the unmodified 91103- 114 parental line. For ripe red tomatoes, the amounts of a-tomatine from each of these lines were 0.11 and 0.07 mg/100g fresh weight tissue, respectively. Other than reduced ACC synthase activity, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of the transgenic 1435-4 line was comparable to the unmodified parental line.</p><br>', NULL, NULL, NULL, '2013-08-16 11:33:49'),
(40, 45, 'Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive.', 'Event<br> T120-7 is sugar beet, Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris, containing a stably integrated gene<br> which encodes the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT).  The PAT<br> enzyme catalyzes the conversion of L-phosphinothricin, the active ingredient in the<br> herbicide glufosinate-ammonium, to an inactive form, thereby conferring tolerance to<br> the herbicide.  The pat gene in event T120-7 is a synthetic version of the native gene<br> isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes.  The gene was introduced into sugar<br> beet calli using disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens.  Southern blot and polymerase<br> chain reaction (PCR) analyses confirm that the incorporation has been limited to DNA<br> sequences contained within the T-DNA borders and that event T120-7 contains a single,<br> stably integrated copy of the pat gene.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-336-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_descriptions` (`id`, `eventId`, `short`, `long`, `source`, `trialCode`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(41, 46, 'Glyphosate herbicide tolerant sugar beet produced by inserting a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.', 'Line GTSB77 was produced using an Agrobacterium-meditated transformation protocol to transform B. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris A1012.  This technique is well studied (Klee and Rogers, 1989; and Zambryski, 1988).  Transformed material was treated with chemicals and checked to ensure that Agrobacterium was not present.<br>The EPSPS gene codes for an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of shikimate-3-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate into 5-enolpyruvlshikmate-3-phosphate, an intermediate in the production of aromatic amino acids.  This enzyme is present in many plants and microorganisms.  The enzyme used here is insensitive to the herbicide glyphosate unlike the EPSPS that is found in sugar beets.  The original sequence from Agrobacterium was modified to create a synthetic gene that allows higher expression of bacterial gene sequences in plants. The EPSPS present in sugar beet line GTSB77 is functionally and structurally similar to EPSPS protein present in food and feeds derived from plant and microbial sources.  Comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of  EPSPS from Agrobacterium sp. with EPSPS from soybean, corn, petunia, E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker''s Yeast) yield amino acid similarities in the range of 48.5 to 59.3% and identities in the range of 23.2 to 41.4% (Padgette  et al. 1996).  The amino acid homologies observed between CP4 EPSPS and EPSPSs present in plants and bacteria is comparable to the homology between the EPSPSs from, for instance, soybean and B. subtilis (55.6 similar, 30.1% identical).  Thus, while there is some sequence diversity in EPSPSs      typically found in food and feed, the sequence variation between the EPSPS in GTSB77 and EPSPSs found in currently available food or feed is of the same magnitude (Padgette  et al. 1996).  <br>Data provided by Novartis/Monsanto demonstrate that line GTSB77 contains the following sequences:  (1) the 5-enolpyruvalshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene from A. tumefaciens whose transcription is directed by the figwort mosaic virus promoter (Gownda et al., 1989), a chloroplast transit peptide from Arabidopsis thialiana, and whose termination/polyadenylation sequences were derived from the ribulose biphosphate carboxylase gene from pea (Coruzzi et al, 1984);  (2)  the beta-glucuronidase gene from E. coli whose transcription is directed by the enhanced CaMV promoter (Kay et al., 1985) and the same pea terminator sequences used for the EPSPS gene; and (3) a truncated version of the glyphosate oxidoreductase gene from O. anthropi whose transcription is directed by the figwort mosaic promoter and chloroplast transit peptide sequences that are described above.  This gene was inserted in an open reading frame of an uncharacterized plant gene resulting in the synthesis of a new protein that has a molecular weight of 35,000.  Also, inserted is the right border sequence from A. tumefaciens.  <br>Novartis/Monsanto presented data that the following sequences that were present in the original plasmid in Agrobacterium were not present in GTSB77:  the aad gene that confers resistance to the antibiotic streptomycin, neomycin phosphotransferase that confers resistance to kanamycin/neomycin, and oriV/ori 322  both involved in plasmid replication in Agrobacterium.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 98-173-01p.', 'GTSB77', NULL, NULL),
(42, 47, 'Male sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was via the bar gene from S. hygroscopicus, which encodes the PAT enzyme.', 'Development of Radicchio Rosso lines RM3-3, RM3-4, and RM3-6.  To develop a male  sterile chicory plant, a ribonuclease encoded by barnase gene, has been engineered into  chicory.  The ribonuclease, which is expressed only in the tapetum cells of the pollen sac  during anther development, blocks pollen development, thus producing a male sterile  plant.  To direct the expression of barnase to pollen cells, a pollen specific promoter,  pTA 29 (Seurinck <i>et al</i>., 1990) was used to direct the synthesis of ribonuclease enzyme.<br>Expression of barnase in pollen cells apparently results in degradation of host RNAs and blocking development of mature viable pollen.  <i>Barnase</i> gene encodes for an extracellular ribonuclease protein in <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, a common soil microorganism.  <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> also contains an intracellular protein called barstar which specifically inhibits barnase by combining with it in a one-to-one complex (Hartely, 1989).  Thus, barstar is produced intracellularly by the same organism that secretes barnase (Hartely and Smeaton, 1973).  <br> <br>The second gene (<i>bar</i>) inserted into the Radicchio Rosso lines RM3-3, RM3-4, and RM3-6 genome encodes for phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme which inactivates phosphinothricin, the active component in the herbicide glufosinate.  The <i>bar</i> gene is produced in Radicchio Rosso lines RM3-3, RM3-4, and RM3-6 under the direction of <i>Arabidospsis thaliana</i>  PssuAra promoter and nopaline synthase termination/polyadenylation sequences.  Although Radicchio Rosso lines RM3-3, RM3-4, and RM3-6 are tolerant to the herbicide, hybrid progeny (the seeds that would be available to the farmers) developed from these lines may or may not be tolerant to the herbicide.  If the female parent is not herbicide tolerant, then only half of the progeny hybrid chicory would carry the tolerance gene.  This would mean that farmers could not apply the herbicide because 50% of the plants would die.  However, if the female parent in the hybrid selection scheme was glufosinate tolerant, all the progeny would herbicide tolerant and farmers could apply the herbicide (assuming the herbicide is registered by EPA for use on chicory).', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-148-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(43, 49, 'Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize developed by inserting genes encoding Cry9C protein from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp tolworthi and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>.', 'CBH-351 corn was obtained by transforming the backcrossed hybrid corn line (PA91 x H99) x H99, developed by Plant Genetic Systems, with two pUC19 based plasmids, pRVA9909 and pDE110.  These plasmids contain the modified cry9C gene and the bar gene, respectively, both of which have been engineered for expression in plants.  Both plasmids also contain the beta -lactamase (bla) gene derived from E. coli, but this gene is not expressed in CBH-351 corn plant tissues.  These genes and the encoded products are described below. <br>The modified cry9C gene (cry9C.PGS2a) was derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi BTS02618A. The specific B.t. tolworthi strain used was isolated from grain dust collected in The Philippines.  The gene cry9C.PGS2a encodes a truncated protein which corresponds to the insecticidal, 68.7 kDa toxic fragment produced by initial trypsin-digestion of the Cry9C protoxin protein (previously named CryIH).  The modifications that have been introduced into the Cry9C protein expressed in CBH-351 corn, as compared to the wild type 129.8 kDa Cry9C protoxin include the following: <br>1) a C-terminal truncation that removes all the amino acids (aa) following<br>position 666 of the wild type protoxin just after the conserved sequence block 5<br>shared by certain Lepidoperta-active Bt Cry proteins;<br>2) a N-terminal truncation that removes the first 43 aa at the point corresponding to the N-terminus of the 68.7 kDa fragment of the wild type toxin produced by initial trypsin-digestion, and the subsequent N-terminal addition of the amino acids methionine and alanine; <br>3) a replacement of arginine by lysine at position 123 in the plant encoded<br>protein which reduces the susceptibility of the protein to trypsin cleavage to a<br>non-toxic 55 kDa fragment.  <br>These modifications do not appear to affect the insecticidal activity of the Cry9C protein against the primary targeted insect, European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Lambert et al., 1996).  The Cry9C toxin is also toxic against other Lepidoptera, including members of the families Pyralidae, Plutellidae, Sphingidae, and Noctuidae.  <br>The bar gene was cloned from the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus.  It encodes the enzyme phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT) which inactivates phosphinothricin, the active component in glufosinate-ammonium herbicides. Acetylation of phosphinothricin by PAT results in detoxification of the herbicide. Expression of this enzyme allows for selection of transformed plant cells on selective medium, as well as whole-plant tolerance to glufosinate (DeBlock et al., 1987).<br>The bla gene was present on the plasmid vectors only as a selectable marker for plasmid DNA in the bacterial E. coli hosts.  When expressed in E. coli from a prokaryotic promoter, this gene encodes the enzyme  beta-lactamase which confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin (Yanisch-Perron et al., 1985).  <br>Noncoding DNA regulatory sequences were attached to the modified cry9C gene and the bar gene in the plasmids to facilitate their expression in plants.  These sequences include some which were derived from the plant pathogens cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) and A. tumefaciens.  Specifically,  the expression of the modified cry9C gene was directed by the 5'' constitutive promoter and the 3'' region containing the polyadenylation signal both from the 35S transcript of the CaMV, along with the leader sequence of the cab22L gene of petunia.  The expression of the bar gene was also directed by the 35S CaMV promoter along with the 3''  untranslated region from the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from A. tumefaciens which is involved in transcription termination and polyadenylation.  Although most of these regulatory regions were derived from plant pathogens, the regulatory sequences cannot cause plant disease by themselves or with the genes that they are designed to regulate.<br>The plasmids were introduced into the recipient corn via particle bombardment, a technique that results in direct introduction of DNA into the plant genome.  APHIS examined molecular and biochemical analyses which were presented to demonstrate the number of insertion sites, copy number, genetic stability, and expression level of the transgenes in CBH-351 corn.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-265-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(44, 50, 'Male-sterile and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting genes encoding DNA adenine methylase and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>, respectively.', 'Development of Corn Lines 676, 678, and 680.  Male sterile and glufosinate-tolerant<br> corn lines 676, 678, and 680 have been developed to provide a more reliable system to<br> generate hybrid seed corn by genetically engineering a plant to be male sterile.  As<br> described in the petition, these corn lines, have been genetically engineered to contain an<br> adenine methylase, or dam gene derived from Escherichia coli (Brooks et al., 1983). <br> The dam gene expresses a DNA adenine methylase enzyme (DAM) in specific plant<br> tissue, which results in the inability of the transformed plants to produce anthers or<br> pollen.  The subject corn lines also contain the pat selectable marker gene isolated from<br> the bacterium Streptomyces viridochromogenes.  The pat gene encodes a<br> phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) enzyme (Thompson et al., 1987), which,<br> when introduced into a plant cell, confers tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. <br> Linkage of the dam gene, which induces male sterility, with the pat gene, a glufosinate<br> tolerance gene used as a marker, enables identification of the male sterile line for use in<br> the production of hybrid seed.  The subject corn lines were transformed by the particle<br> gun process (Klein et al., 1987) and expression of the introduced genes is controlled in<br> part by gene sequences derived from the plant pathogen CaMV.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-342-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(45, 51, 'Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the <i>cry1Ab</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. kurstaki. The genetic modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB).', 'The MON80100 line of corn (Zea mays) was developed through a specific genetic modification to be ECB (Ostrinia nubilalis) resistant. The novel variety produces a truncated version of the insecticidal protein, CryIA(b) derived from Bacillus thuriengensis. Delta-endotoxins, such as the CryIA(b) protein expressed in MON80100 corn, act by selectively binding to specific receptors localized on the brush border midgut epithelium of susceptible insect species. Following binding, cation-specific pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow and thereby cause paralysis and death. CryIA(b) and related endotoxins are insecticidal only to lepidopteran or coleopteran insects and their specificity of action is directly attributable to the presence of specific receptors in the target insects. There are no receptors for delta-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to these proteins. The modified corn line is protected from ECB damage and permits farmers to reduce pesticide applications in the cultivation of corn.<br>The MON80100 corn line was created through direct DNA transformation by microparticle bombardment of plant cells with DNA-coated gold particles. Two plasmids were used for transformation, one of which contained a copy of the cryIA(b) gene from B. thuriengensis subsp. kurstaki. Constitutive expression of the cryIA(b) gene was controlled by inclusion of sequences from the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), the HSP70 intron and the 3’-polyadenylation signal of the nopaline sythase (nos) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The second plasmid contained open reading frames encoding the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme from the common soil bacterium, Agrobacterium sp. CP4, and glyphosate oxidoreductase (goxv247) from Achromobacter sp. strain LBAA. Constitutive expression of these genes in plant cells was under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter and nos terminator. Post-translational targeting of the CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase enzymes to the chloroplast was accomplished by fusion of the 5’-terminal coding sequences with the chloroplast transit peptide DNA sequences from the Arabidopsis thaliana EPSPS and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes, respectively. In addition, both plasmids contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Escherichia coli, strain K12. Expression of the neo gene was regulated by a bacterial promoter and was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed E. coli for the presence of the plasmid vector. The expression of CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase activity were used as selectable traits to screen transformed plants for the presence of the cryIA(b) gene. Apart from the sequences encoding Cry1A(b), CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase, no other plant-translatable DNA sequences were introduced into the plant genome. Southern analysis of genomic DNA from 5 generations of backcrosses of the MON80100 line to the B73 parental line and 4 generations of crosses to an unrelated inbred line confirmed stable inheritance of the novel trait. <br>The expression levels of CryIA(b) protein, CP4 EPSPS and glyphosate oxidoreductase were determined in the leaves, kernels and pollen of transgenic corn. In leaves and kernels, the amounts of CryIA(b) and CP4 EPSPS were to be 1.3 or 0.57 mg/g leaf fresh weight and 1.85 or 4.11 mg/g kernel fresh weight, respectively. There were no detectable amounts of CryIA(b) protein in the pollen from transgenic MON80100 corn. Also, glyphosate oxidoreductase and NPTII were not detected in either leaves or kernels from MON80100 corn.', 'Health Canada - Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(46, 53, 'Colorado potato beetle and potato leafroll virus (PLRV) resistant potatoes produced by inserting the <i>cry3A</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (subsp. Tenebrionis) and the replicase encoding gene from PLRV.', '<p>The NewLeaf-Plus&trade; potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350 and RBMT-22-082 were developed through a specific genetic modification of cultivar Russet Burbank to be CPB (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) resistant and to resist infection by PLRV. The novel lines produce a version of the insecticidal protein, CryIIIA, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, and the DNA sequences corresponding to open reading frames 1 (ORF-1) and 2 (ORF-2) from PLRV. Delta-endotoxins, such as the CryIIIA protein expressed in Russet Burbank NewLeaf-Plus&trade; potatoes, act by selectively binding to specific receptors localized on the brush border midgut epithelium of susceptible insect species. Following binding, cation-specific pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow and thereby cause paralysis and death. CryIIIA and related endotoxins are insecticidal only to lepidopteran or coleopteran insects and their specificity of action is directly attributable to the presence of specific receptors in the target insects. There are no receptors for delta-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to these proteins. PLRV is a spherical RNA virus belonging to the luteovirus group and is transmitted primarily by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). This virus has a worldwide distribution and commonly infects potato causing serious disease and economic loss. The introduced viral sequences do not result in the formation of any infectious particles, nor does their expression result in any disease pathology. The genetically modified potato cultivars exhibit the trait of resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PLRV through an incompletely understood process which may involve silencing of viral gene translation, which has been termed &ldquo;replicase-mediated resistance&rdquo;. The transgenic Russet Burbank potato lines RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350 and RBMT22-082 were created through two separate Agrobacterium-mediated transformation events in which the transfer DNA (T-DNA) contained the genes encoding the CryIIIA protein from B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis and the ORF-1 and ORF-2 regions from PLRV. These two ORFs encode the putative viral helicase and replicase domains that are required for viral RNA synthesis. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzymes neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) or 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). The respective expression of either NPTII or EPSPS activity in RBMT21 and RBMT22 transformation events was used as a selectable trait for screening transformed plants for the presence of the cryIIIA and PLRV replicase genes. There was no incorporation of plant translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region and stable inheritance of the novel traits was demonstrated over multiple generations of vegetative propagation. The constitutive expression of CryIIIA protein was demonstrated in each of the transgenic NewLeaf-Plus&trade; Russet Burbank cultivars at levels comparable with previously approved NewLeaf&trade; potato cultivars. The production of viral replicase protein in RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350 and RBMT22-082 was undetectable in either leaf or tuber tissue, and is, therefore, likely to be less than for plants naturally infected with PLRV. The level of expression of NPTII or CP4 EPSPS in all plant tissues from RBMT21- 129 or 350 and RBMT22-082, respectively, was comparable to the amounts measured in previously approved novel plants expressing either of these proteins. The presence of NPTII protein has been judged to be insignificant with respect to any human health risk due to exposure. Solanine and chaconine are the principal glycoalkaloids commonly found in potato tubers. The concentration of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) in NewLeaf-Plus&trade; Russet Burbank tubers ranged between 4.3-17.1 mg/100g fresh weight tissue, with a mean value of 6.7 mg/100g fresh weight tissue. This is comparable to the TGA range of 2.5-16.1 mg/100g fresh weight tissue that was previously measured in tubers from commercial non-transgenic cultivars of Atlantic, Gemchip, Norchip and Russet Burbank. In each case, the TGA concentration in transgenic tubers was below the administrative guideline of 20 mg/100g fresh weight that has previously been established for TGA in potato. Other than resistance to CPB and infection by PLRV, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of the NewLeaf-Plus&trade; Russet Burbank lines were comparable to the non-transgenic Russet Burbank cultivar.</p><br>', '<p>Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada</p>', NULL, NULL, '2013-07-31 17:11:00'),
(47, 54, 'Colorado potato beetle and potato virus Y (PVY) resistant potatoes produced by inserting the <i>cry3A</i> gene from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (subsp. Tenebrionis) and the coat protein encoding gene from PVY.', 'The NewLeaf-Y™ potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines SEMT15-02, SEMT15-15 and RBMT15-101 were developed through a specific genetic modification of cultivars Shepody and Russet Burbank to be CPB (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) resistant and to resist infection by PVY. The novel lines produce a version of the insecticidal protein, CryIIIA, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, as well as the coat protein (CP) from the ordinary (O) strain of potato virus Y (PVY-O). Delta-endotoxins, such as the CryIIIA protein expressed in Shepody and Russet Burbank NewLeaf-Y™ potatoes, act by selectively binding to specific receptors localized on the brush border midgut epithelium of susceptible insect species. Following binding, cation-specific pores are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow and thereby cause paralysis and death. CryIIIA and related endotoxins are insecticidal only to lepidopteran or coleopteran insects and their specificity of action is directly attributable to the presence of specific receptors in the target insects. There are no receptors for delta-endotoxins of B. thuringiensis on the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to<br>these proteins. PVY is the type member of the potyvirus group and is an aphid-transmissible RNA virus that commonly infects potato causing serious disease and economic loss. The introduced viral sequences do not result in the formation of any infectious particles, nor does their expression result in any disease pathology. The genetically modified potato cultivars exhibit the trait of resistance to infection and subsequent disease caused by PVY through a process that is related to viral cross-protection.<br>The transgenic Shepody and Russet Burbank potato lines were created through two separate<br>Agrobacterium-mediated transformation events in which the transfer DNA (T-DNA) contained the genes encoding the CryIIIA protein from B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis and the CP from PVY-O. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII). The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait for screening transformed plants for the presence of the cryIIIA and PVY-O CP genes. Additional DNA outside of the T-DNA border sequences was incorporated into the genome of Shepody lines SEMT15-02 and SEMT15-15. These lines also contain the aad gene that encodes the enzyme 3''’(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase, which confers bacterial resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin. The aad gene was not expressed in plant tissue, but was present on the Ti plasmid as a selectable trait for screening bacterial colonies for the<br>presence of plasmid vector. The NewLeaf-Y™ Shepody and Russet Burbank cultivars produce three novel proteins: CryIIIA, PVY-O CP and NPTII.<br>The constitutive expression of CryIIIA protein was demonstrated in each of the transgenic NewLeaf-Y™ Shepody and Russet Burbank cultivars. On average, the amounts of CryIIIA protein produced in the leaves and tubers of SEMT15-02, SEMT15-15 and RBMT15-101 were comparable to the concentrations previously reported for NewLeaf™ Atlantic and Russet Burbank cultivars. The expression of PVY-O CP in either leaves or tubers from any of these transgenic lines was undetectable at a threshold of 2 ng/mg fresh weight tissue. In contrast, the accumulation of CP in plants naturally infected with PVY-O is readily detectable using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western immunoblot analysis. It is not uncommon for commercial potato plantings to be significantly infected by PVY-O and thus the human<br>consumption of viral CP from these sources is likely to be much higher than the exposure due to<br>consumption of NewLeaf-Y™ potatoes. The presence of NPTII protein has been judged to be<br>insignificant with respect to any human health risk due to exposure. Solanine and chaconine are the principal glycoalkaloids commonly found in potato tubers. Analyses of total glycoalkaloid (TGA) levels in each of the transgenic lines demonstrated that in each case the level was below the administrative guideline of 20 mg/100g fresh weight that has previously been established for TGA in potato. Other than resistance to CPB and infection by PVY, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of the NewLeaf-Y™ Shepody and Russet Burbank lines were comparable to their non-transgenic parental cultivars.', 'Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(48, 55, 'Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant rice produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>).', 'Transformation protocol.  Transformation was achieved via direct gene transfer, therefore no vector agent was used .  AgrEvo has requested that the details of the methodology be maintained by APHIS as confidential business information. Tissues were transformed with a fragment of DNA which contained the bar gene and from the plasmid, then used this fragment to transform the rice callus tissue.<br>Genes introduced to develop LLRICE06 and LLRICE62.  Transformation events LLRICE06 and LLRICE62 were developed by introducing a single gene,  the bar gene, into the varieties M202 and Bengal.  The bar gene was derived from the soil-borne bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an organism which is not a plant pest.  The bar gene encodes  phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT), an enzyme which inactivates the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.  The bar gene was engineered into the rice with noncoding DNA regulatory sequences attached to the coding region of bar.  The regulatory sequences are the 35S promoter and terminator sequences derived from cauliflower mosaic virus.   Neither the bar gene nor its associated noncoding DNA regulatory sequences cause plant disease or pose any plant pest risk.<br>Expression of genes introduced into lines LLRICE06 and LLRICE62.  The rice transformation events LLRICE06 and LLRICE62 expressed the PAT protein encoded by the bar gene cassette.  The PAT protein expressed in these plants was characterized and found to be equivalent to the previously characterized reference standards.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 98-329-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(49, 56, 'Resistance to lepidopteran pests through the introduction of the cry1Ac gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurstaki.', 'A gene Cry1Ac from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki has been inserted into the  genome of tomato to confer resistance to certain lepidopteran insect pests. Since 1995, insect resistant tomato line 5345 was  field tested at 29 sites in USA under the following notifications 94-362-01N, 95-138-  04N, 95-151-04N, 95-216-03N, 96-011-01N, 96-247-14N, 97-013-01N, 97-015-02N,  and 97-182-04N.  Monsanto has presented field data reports for all the above field tests  none of which report any adverse effect on the plant themselves or on any other non-  target organisms.  These reports contain information on plant height at crop maturity,  yield, maturity dates, inheritance and segregation data, protein toxin expression data,  and its effects on both target and non-target organisms.  All these agronomic traits fall  well within the range of the no transformed species.  The only significant consistent  difference between the insect resistant tomato line 5345 and the parent variety is the in  the expression of the insect toxic protein Cry1Ac.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 97-287-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(50, 57, 'Introduction of a gene sequence encoding the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase that metabolizes the precursor of the fruit ripening hormone ethylene', 'DR tomato line 35 1 N was developed by using standard Agrobacterium binary vectors forintroducing into the genome of Large Red Cherry a S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase (SAMase) encoding gene derived from E. coli bacteriophage T3. This results in transformed cherry tomato plants that exhibit significantly reduced levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the substrate for conversion (through ACC synthase) to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) which is the first committed step in ethylene biosynthesis.  Ethylene is an endogenous plant hormone known to play an important role in fruit ripening of climacteric fruits.  Lack of a sufficient pool of SAM for conversion to ACC in fruit results in tomato fruit with significantly reduced ethylene biosynthetic capabilities and a modified ripening phenotype.  In the case of line 35 1 N the phenotype is characterized by fruit in which ripening on the vine is delayed while ripening off the vine is essentially suspended. However, in either case, tomato fruits expressing SAMase ripen normally when exposed to exogenous ethylene.  <br>The cherry tomato line for which Agritope is requesting this determination, line 35 1 N, contains a version of the sam-k gene modified in the 5'' region of the gene with a Kozak consensus sequence.  This construct encodes a functional SAMase protein.  Since SAM plays a  central role in numerous biosynthetic pathways in plants, expression of sam-k gene is under the  control of an organ specific (fruit) and temporally regulated (post-climacteric) promoter.  The efficacy of this strategy is demonstrated by the fact that the organ specific and temporal expression pattern of ethylene biosynthesis precisely matches the SAMase expression kinetics (ethylene synthesis is inversely correlated to SAMase expression) and provides an explanation of the observed modified ripening.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 95-324-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(51, 85, 'Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines: MON89034, TC1507, MON88017, and DAS-59122.  Resistance to the above-ground and below-ground insect pests and tolerance to glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium containing herbicides.', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(52, 58, 'Introduction of a gene sequence encoding the enzyme 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCd) that metabolizes the precursor of the fruit ripening hormone ethylene.', 'DR tomato line 8338 was developed by introducing into the genome of a processing tomato cultivar UC82B a gene (accd) derived from a nonpathogenic soil bacterium (Pseudomonas chlororaphis) that encodes the enzyme ACCd.  In the plant, this enzyme catalyzes metabolism of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-arboxylic acid (ACC), an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of the plant hormone ethylene.  <br>The initiation and progression of tomato fruit ripening depends on increased levels of ethylene.  In line 8338, ACC is sufficiently reduced in detached fruit so that ethylene becomes limiting and the ripening process is delayed.  Noncoding DNA sequences that are associated with the introduced accd gene to regulate its expression in line 8338 include the constitutively expressed 35S promoter derived from the plant pathogen figwort mosaic virus, a leader sequence from the petunia HSP70 gene, and the 3'' terminator region of a pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene. <br> Line 8338 has also been transformed with the nptII gene derived from <i>E. coli</i> that encodes the enzyme NPTII.  NPTII confers resistance to certain antibiotics, such as kanamycin, that are used to select transformed cells.<br>Noncoding DNA regulatory sequences associated with the nptII gene comprise the 35S promoter derived from the plant pathogen cauliflower mosaic virus and 3'' termination sequences derived from the nopaline synthase gene from the plant pathogen <i>A. tumefaciens</i>.  These two genes were introduced into the tomato cultivar UC82B to create the original (R0) transformed DR line via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.  This is a well-characterized procedure that has been used widely for over a decade to introduce various genes of interest directly into the plant genome.  The DR tomato line 8338 is actually a homozygous R2 selection from the R0.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 95-053-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(53, 59, 'Delayed softening tomatoes produced by inserting a truncated version of the polygalacturonase (PG) encoding gene in the sense or  anti-sense orientation in order to reduce expression of the endogenous PG gene, and thus reduce pectin degradation.', 'The partial PG gene is either inserted in the antisense orientation or in the sense orientation between the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus and the termination sequence from the nopaline synthase gene (nos) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.  Both the antisense and sense genes down-regulate the endogenous PG gene in modified plants (Smith et al., 1988, Smith et al., 1990 a, b).  This reduces the levels of the enzyme polygalacturonase.  The enzyme is largely responsible for the breakdown of pectin in the tomato fruit. <br>Pectin is a major contributor to viscosity characteristics of processed tomato products.  Thus, the modified lines have improved consistency because of less breakdown of pectin.<br>Lines B, Da, and F have also been transformed with the nptII gene from E. coli that encodes the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II and serves as a selectable marker enabling identification of the transformed plant cells.  This gene is fused to the nos promoter sequence and octopine synthase termination sequence from A. tumefaciens, a known plant pest.  <br>For Line F:<br>Transgenic line F was developed from the commercial inbred line of processing tomato, TGT7, by the introduction of a truncated PG gene resulting in downregulation of the endogenous PG gene. The PG enzyme is the chief mechanism of pectin degradation in tomato fruit leading to fruit softening. The new hybrids ripen normally but experience less pectin breakdown and, therefore, have increased thickness and consistency that benefits all stages of harvesting and processing. <br>The inbred line F tomato was created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained a 3’-truncated open reading frame corresponding to the sequence of the 5’-terminal 731 nucleotides from the PG gene from the Alisa Craig variety of tomato. The expression of this truncated PG gene was controlled by inclusion of sequences from the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and the 3’-polyadenylation signal from the nopaline synthase (nos) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Escherichia coli, strain K12, under the control of the nos promoter from A. tumefaciens. The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the truncated PG gene. There was no incorporation of translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region.<br>While not completely understood, the mechanism of downregulation of the endogenous PG gene is likely linked to the coordinate suppression of transcription of both the endogenous gene and the introduced truncated PG gene. Accumulation of these transcripts was reduced in red ripe fruit from the modified tomato hybrids.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 94-290-01p; Health Canada - Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(54, 60, 'Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>.', 'GRS lines W62 and<br> W98 have been genetically engineered to express the bar gene originally isolated from<br> Streptomyces hygroscopicus that confers tolerance to the application of the<br> phosphinothricin class of herbicides by coding for a phosphinothricin-N-acetyltrasferase (PAT) enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of the active ingredient<br> Glufosinate-Ammonium  to the inactive form L-phosphinothricin.  In addition, GRS<br> lines W62 and W98 also express a selectable marker gene, gus, coding for á-glucuronidase.  GRS lines A2704-12, A2704-21, and A5547-35 express the pat gene<br> which is a synthetic version of the PAT coding gene originally isolated from S.<br> viridochromogenes.  The gus gene expressed only in W62 and W98 lines was<br> originally isolated from Escherichia coli. <br> AgrEvo submitted its petition after numerous field tests of GRS lines at 197 sites<br> throughout the continental United States under 8 permits and 26 notifications.  Field<br> trial reports from these tests demonstrate that the transformed lines had no deleterious<br> effects on plants, did not exhibit weedy characteristics, and had no effect on nontarget<br> organisms or the general environment.   <br> An Environmental Assessment (EA) was prepared prior to granting field test permits<br> involving the GRS lines.  The EA for the previous introductions of GRS lines<br> addressed plant pest risk issues relative to the conduct of field trials under physical and<br> reproductive confinement.  This EA specifically addresses the potential impacts of the<br> GRS lines to the human environment through the unrestricted use in agriculture.  The<br> U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has the authority over the potential uses<br> of the herbicide glufosinate (Basta , Ignite , Rely , Liberty , Harvest , and<br> Finale ) in conjunction with GRS lines through the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and<br> Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). <br> APHIS has considered the information provided by AgrEvo in its petition as well as<br> other scientific data, information, and comments received from the public relating to <br> potential plant pest risk and related environmental impacts of the GRS lines.  A<br> thorough evaluation of the potential for significant impact to the human environment<br> through the unconfined, agricultural use of GRS lines resulted in a Finding of No<br> Significant Impact (FONSI) by APHIS.  This conclusion is based upon (1) the nature of<br> the genetic modification; (2) the fact that soybean has no weedy relatives with which it<br> can interbreed in the United States and its territories; and (3) the fact that this<br> modification will not increase the weediness potential of the soybeans or negatively<br> affect any nontarget organisms, including beneficials.  In conjunction with the FONSI,<br> APHIS has made the determination that GRS lines and their progeny have no potential<br> to pose a plant pest risk and are, therefore, determined to be no longer regulated articles<br> according to 7CFR 340.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 96-068-01p.', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(55, 61, 'Delayed softening tomatoes produced by inserting an additional copy of the polygalacturonase (PG) encoding gene in the anti-sense orientation in order to reduce expression of the endogenous PG gene and thus reduce pectin degradation.', 'The FLAVR SAVR™ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was developed through a specific genetic modification to exhibit decreased polygalacturonase (PG) activity. The novel variety was developed by insertion of an additional copy of the PG encoding gene in the “antisense” orientation, resulting in reduced translation of the endogenous PG messenger RNA (mRNA). The PG enzyme is the chief mechanism of pectin degradation in tomato fruit leading to fruit softening. The transgenic variety ripens normally but experiences less pectin breakdown and, therefore, has increased thickness and consistency that benefits all stages of harvesting and processing.<br>The FLAVR SAVR™ tomato was created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the<br>transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained a copy of the tomato PG encoding gene in the antisense orientation. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII). The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the antisense-PG gene. Transcription of the antisense-PG gene did not result in the expression of any novel protein. There was no incorporation of translatable plasmid DNA sequences outside of the T-DNA region.<br>The mechanism of decreased PG activity in FLAVR SAVR™ tomato is likely linked to the hybridization of antisense and sense mRNA transcripts, resulting in a decreased amount of free positive sense mRNA available for protein translation. The measured level of PG activity in transgenic FLAVR SAVR™ tomato was found to be less than 1% of PG activity found in the unmodified parental line. The presence of NPTII protein has been judged to be insignificant with respect to any human health risk due to exposure. Alpha-tomatine is the principal naturally occurring glycoalkaloid in tomato, and the level of a-tomatine decreases as the fruit matures so that the amounts in vine-ripened red tomatoes are negligible. Solanine and chaconine, which are the main glycoalkaloids occurring in potato, have been found in tomato in lesser amounts. A comparison of the amounts of a-tomatine in transgenic and non-transgenic tomatoes did not reveal any statistically significant difference and the levels were within the normal range<br>reported for tomatoes. Other than reduced polygalacturonase activity, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of the FLAVR SAVR™ tomato were comparable to unmodified varieties.', 'Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(56, 62, 'Delayed senescence and sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant carnations produced by inserting a truncated copy of the carnation aminocyclopropane cyclase (ACC) synthase encoding gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous unmodified gene, which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis.  Tolerance to sulfonyl urea herbicides was via the introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant version of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) encoding gene from tobacco.', 'After being harvested, carnation flowers have a defined ''vase life'', or time for which the flowers will stay fresh prior to beginning to shrink, dry<br>out and die. This senescence process is triggered by production of a gaseous hormone (ethylene) by the flower. Flower death can also be<br>triggered by exposure of flowers to external sources of ethylene, such as fruit and exhaust fumes. Flowers treated with chemicals which either<br>inhibit ethylene biosynthesis by the flower, or prevent the flower responding to ethylene, last longer. At present, the most widely used of these<br>chemicals is silver thiosulphate, a polluting metal salt. <br>Florigene has generated carnation plants which produce flowers that do not synthesise ethylene. As a result, the flowers last much longer<br>without the need to use preservative chemicals. The genetic modification has entailed the addition of a second copy of one of the carnation''s<br>own genes, encoding ACC synthase, which, by a process called TranswitchR, acts to suppress the production of the ACC synthase enzyme.<br>The enzyme ACC synthase is a key enzyme in the pathway to ethylene biosynthesis and plants lacking the enzyme do not produce ethylene. As<br>well as the additional copy of the ACC synthase gene, a gene for herbicide resistance has been inserted into the carnation. This gene, which<br>confers resistance to sulfonylurea type herbicides, is only to allow selection of transgenic plants in tissue culture. Such herbicides are not, and<br>will not be, used in the carnation industry. <br>The genetically modified carnation has been trialled under previous planned release proposals in Australia (PR-19, PR-29, and an extension to<br>PR-29). As well, some lines have been trialled in the USA and by Florigene in Holland. Florigene now intends to transport, grow and retail the<br>genetically modified carnation flowers throughout Australia.', 'Australian Genetic Manipulation Advisory Committee (GMAC)', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(57, 63, 'Introduction of two anthocyanin biosynthetic genes to result in a violet/mauve colouration; Introduction of a variant form of acetolactate synthase (ALS).', 'The product consists of carnation plants (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) derived from genetically modified<br>carnation lines 959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A, 1363A and 1400A in which the following genes are<br>introduced:<br>- the dfr-gene, coding for dihydroflavonol reductase, derived from Petunia hybrida, under its own promoter and terminator;<br>- the bp40-gene, coding for flavonoid 3'', 5'' hydroxylase, derived from Viola sp., under control of the petal specific CHS promoter derived form Petunia hybrida and the D8 terminator derived from Petunia hybrida;<br>- the surB-gene, coding for acetolactate synthase protein, derived from Nicotiana tabacum, under control of the constitutive 35S promoter derived from cauliflower mosaic virus and the surB terminator derived from Nicotiana tabacum.<br>The product includes progeny derived through vegetative reproduction as well as progeny derived through crosses of the genetically modified carnation lines 959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A, 1363A and 1400A with any traditionally bred non-genetically modified carnation plant.', 'European Union, C/NL/97/13', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(58, 64, 'Modified colour and sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant carnations produced by inserting two anthocyanin biosynthetic genes whose expression results in a violet/mauve colouration.Tolerance to sulfonyl urea herbicides was via the introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant version of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) encoding gene from tobacco.', 'Some white carnation varieties are white because they lack specific enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway leading to anthocyanin type pigments.<br>These pigments are responsible for production of blue and red coloured flowers. Florigene has inserted into appropriate white carnation<br>varieties two of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. The two genes are from petunia and encode the enzymes flavonoid 3''5'' hydroxylase and<br>dihydroflavonol reductase. The genetically modified plants produce flowers with a violet/mauve colour, as a result of biosynthesis of the<br>anthocyanin delphinidin. In nature, carnation does not produce delphinidin pigments and so the flowers produced by the genetic modification<br>have a unique colour. <br>In addition to the genes for altered flower colour, a gene for herbicide resistance has been inserted into the carnation. This gene, which confers<br>resistance to sulfonylurea type herbicides, is only to allow selection of transgenic plants in tissue culture. Such herbicides are not, and will not<br>be, used in the carnation industry.', 'Australian Genetic Manipulation Advisory Committee (GMAC)', NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `gmcropdatabase_events_descriptions` (`id`, `eventId`, `short`, `long`, `source`, `trialCode`, `created`, `updated`) VALUES
(59, 66, 'Male sterility caused by expression of the barnase ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; PPT resistance was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT).', 'Corn event MS6 contains a barnase gene derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a bar gene derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. The barnase gene encodes an enzyme that inhibits pollen formation and results in male sterility of the transformed plants. The bar gene encodes a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme that confers tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate. Linkage of the barnase gene, which induces male sterility, with the bar gene, a glufosinate tolerance gene used as a marker, enables selection of the male sterile line independent of plant growth stage. Expression of the added gene sequences is controlled in part by gene sequences derived from the plant pathogens cauliflower mosaic virus and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. While corn event MS6 contains fragments of the bla marker gene, it was concluded that the fragments would not produce an intact protein in any medium. The particle acceleration method was used to transfer the added genes into the parental corn inbred line H99.<br>Corn event MS6 and the antecedent organism were genetically engineered using the same transformation method, with the same gene that makes the plants sterile and the same marker gene, and using the same parental inbred line. Accordingly, we have determined that corn event MS6 is similar to the antecedent organism in petition 95-228-01p and, therefore, should no longer be regulated under the regulations in 7 CFR part 340.', 'Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(60, 67, 'Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil and ioxynil by incorporation of the nitrilase gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae.', 'Genetically modified Nicotiana tabacum (common name: Tobacco), variety ITB 1000 OX, male sterile hybrid, resistant to the herbicide bromoxynil and containing the nitrilase gene from Klebsiella ozaenae, the promoter RuBisCo SSU from Helianthus annuus and the nopaline synthase gene terminator from Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTiA6.', 'THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(61, 68, 'High oleic acid and low linolenic acid canola produced through a combination of chemical mutagenesis to select for a fatty acid desaturase mutant with elevated oleic acid, and traditional back-crossing to introduce the low linolenic acid trait.', 'The 45A37 and 46A40 lines of canola (Brassica napus) were developed through the combination of chemical mutagenesis, to achieve the high oleic acid trait, and traditional breeding with the registered canola varieties Stellar and Apollo, to achieve the low linolenic acid trait. The processed oil derived from these novel varieties, designated P6 canola oil, has levels of oleic acid similar to that of peanut and olive oils. <br>The high oleic acid trait in lines 45A37 and 46A40 was selected following chemical mutagenesis by exposing seeds of canola varieties Regent, Topas and Andor to a solution of ethylnitrosourea (8 mM) in dimethylsulfoxide. Ethylnitrosurea is a commonly used chemical mutagen that affects DNA by chemically altering base pairs. It is believed that the induced mutation in lines 45A37 and 46A40 is analogous to that in fad2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The fad2 gene encodes a desaturase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of C18:1 to C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in plant cells. A mutation within the fad2 gene that blocks expression of an active desaturase enzyme results in the accumulation of C18:1 oleic acid. The low linolenic acid trait was introduced by breeding with the registered low linolenic acid canola varieties Stellar and Apollo. The only significant difference between lines 45A37 and 46A40 is that the former was selected for early maturity while 46A40 matures later in the growing season (medium maturity). <br>Based on the information provided, there are no novel proteins produced and only the refined seed oil will be used as a food. Refined edible canola oil does not contain any detectable protein and consists of purified glycosides. Other than the traits of high oleic acid content and low linolenic acid content in the seed oil, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of the 45A37 and 46A40 canola lines were comparable to other commercially available canola varieties.', 'Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(62, 69, 'Combination of chemical mutagenesis, to achieve the high oleic acid trait, and traditional breeding with registered canola varieties.', 'The 46A12 and 46A16 lines of canola (Brassica napus) were developed through the combination of chemical mutagenesis, to achieve the high oleic acid trait, and traditional breeding with registered canola varieties. Line 46A12 was derived from a single plant resulting from a cross between the high oleic acid parent, NS699, and NS1172, a broad-based spring canola population originating from European germplasm. Line 46A16 was derived from a cross between the high oleic acid parent, NS672, and NS1167, a broad-based population originating from Canadian germplasm. The processed oil derived from these novel varieties has levels of oleic acid similar to that of peanut and olive oils. <br>The high oleic acid trait in lines 46A12 and 46A16 was selected following chemical mutagenesis by exposing seeds of canola varieties Regent, Topas and Andor to a solution of ethylnitrosourea (8 mM) in dimethylsulfoxide. Ethylnitrosurea is a commonly used chemical mutagen that affects DNA by chemically altering base pairs. It is believed that the induced mutation in lines 46A12 and 46A16 is analogous to that in fad2 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. The fad2 gene encodes a desaturase enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of C18:1 to C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in plant cells. A mutation within the fad2 gene that blocks expression of an active desaturase enzyme results in the accumulation of C18:1 oleic acid at the expense of linoleic and linolenic acid production.<br>Based on the information provided, there are no novel proteins produced and only the refined seed oil will be used as a food. Refined edible canola oil does not contain any detectable protein and consists of purified glycosides. Other than the traits of high oleic acid content and decreased linolenic acid content in the seed oil, the disease, pest and other agronomic characteristics of the 46A12 and 46A16 canola lines were comparable to other commercially available canola varieties.', 'Health Canada - Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(63, 70, 'Reduced accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and consequently reduced ethylene synthesis, by introduction of the gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase.', '1. Introduction<br>The A and B lines of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.) were developed through a specific genetic modification to express a reduced accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and consequently the trait of delayed ripening. This was accomplished by the introduction of a bacteriophage encoded enzyme, S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase, capable of degrading and thus reducing SAM. The conversion of SAM to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the first step in ethylene biosynthesis and the lack of sufficient pools of SAM results in significantly reduced synthesis of this phytohormone, which is known to play a key role in fruit ripening. <br>2. Development of the Modified Plant<br>The cantaloupe lines A and B were created by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in which the transfer-DNA (T-DNA) contained the S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase encoding sam-k gene from Escherichia coli bacteriophage T3. The constitutive expression of the sam-k gene was controlled by inclusion of regulatory DNA sequences from A. tumefaciens. In addition, the T-DNA contained sequences encoding the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) from the Tn5 transposon of Escherichia coli, strain K12, under the control of the nos promoter from A. tumefaciens. The expression of NPTII activity was used as a selectable trait to screen transformed plants for the presence of the sam-k gene.', 'APHIS, USDA', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(64, 71, 'Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethapyr, was obtained by in vitro selection of somaclonal variants.', 'Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Pioneer) has licensed an imidazolinone tolerant corn line from American Cyanamid that was used to develop new corn hybrids with herbicide tolerance. The mutation is known as XI-12 and the resulting hybrids as IT hybrids. The IT hybrids are very similar to imidazolinone resistant (IR) hybrids in their mechanism of herbicide resistance. IR hybrids were reviewed by Health Canada in 1995 as a novel food and determined to be safe for food consumption in Canada.<br>Corn is grown widely throughout North America as a food and feed crop. Corn is a commodity crop largely used to feed domestic animals, either as grain or silage. The remainder of the crop is exported or processed by wet or dry milling to yield products such as high fructose corn syrup and starch, oil, grits and flour. The imidazolinone tolerant corn (IT corn) was developed through mutation breeding. No foreign DNA was introduced to achieve the herbicide tolerance trait.<br>The method used for obtaining imidazolinone-tolerant corn plants was <i>in vitro</i> selection. The mutation conferring imidazolinone tolerance is referred to as XI-12. The XI-12 mutation affects the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) enzyme of maize at a specific location. The AHAS enzyme catalyses the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched chain amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine in corn. The mutation in the AHAS enzyme resluts in an alteration to the binding site for the imidazolinone class of of herbicides, therefore increasing the plant’s tolerance to those herbicides.<br>A mutation to the AHAS enzyme in corn could affect the biosynthesis of the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, and valine. The amino acid composition of an XI-12 hybrid and Pioneer® Brand hybrid 3394 was analysed in grain from field grown plants. The results of the amino acid analyses demonstrate that corn hybrids containing the XI-12 mutation do not show altered levels of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. It can be concluded that the single amino acid substitution in the XI-12 mutation results in maize hybrids, which are unchanged in their AHAS enzyme activity.', 'Health Canada, Office of Food Biotechnology', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(65, 72, 'Introduction, by particle bombardment, of glyphosate oxidase (GOX) and a modified 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids.', 'Corn line MON832 was developed through genetic modification to be tolerant to the glyphosate herbicide.<br>The modified corn line permits farmers to use the herbicide for weed control in the cultivation of corn.<br>A commercial corn line was transformed by particle gun acceleration technology using a DNA solution<br>containing two plasmids, PV-ZMBK07 and PV-ZMGT10. Molecular analysis of the resultant corn line,<br>identified as MON 832, established that the line contains CP4 EPSPS, gox and nptII genes and does not<br>contain the cryIA(b) gene. While the nptII gene was incorporated into the genome of MON 832 corn, it is<br>not expressed in the plant since its bacterial promoter is only active in bacteria. Western blot analyses have<br>confirmed that the nptII protein is not expressed in the modified corn plant. Segregation and stability data<br>were consistent with a single active site of insertion into the genomic DNA of line MON 832.<br>The CP4 EPSPS gene was derived from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4. The CP4 EPSPS<br>protein produced by this gene is highly tolerant to inhibition by glyphosate, and allows the modified corn<br>plant to be treated with levels of the glyphosate herbicide that control competing weed species.<br>The gox gene was cloned from Achromobacter sp. strain LBAA and was also inserted to provide glyphosate<br>tolerance. The GOX enzyme accelerates the normal degradation of glyphosate into aminomethylphosphonic<br>acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate. This provides an additional mechanism for the modified corn’s tolerance to<br>applications of the glyphosate herbicide.<br>Corn is a cultivated species with a long history of safe food and feed use. Animal feeding is by far the largest<br>use of corn with the majority of annual production fed to cattle, poultry, and swine. Corn is readily<br>consumed by livestock and because of its high starch-low fibre content. Corn does not normally contain<br>toxins or antinutritional factors. A significant quantity of corn is fed to livestock directly or in formulated<br>feeds. In addition to corn grown for grain, a portion of annual corn acreage is utilized as whole plant corn<br>silage with consumption confined almost entirely to ruminants. The low price and ready availability of corn<br>has also resulted in the development of large volume food and industrial uses.<br>Roundup Ready corn line MON 832 differs from its parental counterpart in the insertion of the<br>aforementioned genes, CP4 EPSPS and gox. The proteins encoded by these genes are expressed throughout<br>the plant tissue and throughout the life of the plant.', 'Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(66, 74, 'Introduction, by particle bombardment, of a modified 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids.', '<p>Corn line NK603 was developed to allow the use of the herbicide glyphosate as a weed control option in corn. The gene conferring tolerance to glyphosate was introduced via genetic engineering techniques. These techniques enable the developer to express in the corn plant the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, which is involved in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. This gene, isolated from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 (CP4 EPSPS), encodes a version of the enzyme that is tolerant to concentrations of glyphosate that would normally inhibit the activity of the endogenous corn enzyme. The CP4 EPSPS gene and regulatory sequences controlling its expression were introduced via biolistic particle bombardment.<br />\r\nLine NK603 was produced from a proprietary inbred line designated as AW x CW using particle acceleration. NK603 contains two plant expression cassettes each containing a single copy of the CP4 EPSPS gene and respective regulatory sequences as follows:<br />\r\nCP4 EPSPS Cassette 1 contains the CP4 EPSPS gene under the control of the rice actin 1 promoter (McElroy et al. 1990) and the CTP2 chloroplast transit peptide leader sequence from Arabidopsis thaliana (Klee and Rogers 1987). The purpose of this latter sequence is to direct CP4 EPSPS protein to the chloroplast, which is the site of aromatic amino acid synthesis. The CP4 EPSPS gene sequence was modified slightly, but retains greater than 99.4% homology to the native Agrobacterium gene. The NOS 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the nopaline synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA was used to provide the polyadenylation signal.<br />\r\nCP4 EPSPS Cassette 2 contains the CP4 EPSPS gene under the control of the enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter (Kay et al. 1985). The Zmhsp70 intron from the corn hsp70 heat shock protein was included to stabilize the level of transcription (Rochester et al. 1986) and the CTP2 chloroplast transit peptide leader sequence was used to direct the CP4 EPSPS protein to the chloroplast. The NOS 3&rsquo; nontranslated region of the nopaline synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA was used to provide the polyadenylation signal.<br />\r\nRoundup ready corn line GA21 was designated as the antecedent organism for NK603, which was not judged to have any characteristics that would pose a greater impact on the environment or non-target organisms.<br />\r\nReferences:<br />\r\nKay, R., Chan, A., Daly, M. &amp; McPherson, J. (1985). Duplication of the CaMV 35S promoter sequences creates a strong enhancer for plant genes. Science 236: 1299-1302.<br />\r\nKlee, H.J. &amp; Rogers, S.G. (1987). Cloning of an Arabidopsis gene encoding 5-enolpyruvlyshikimate-3-phosphate synthase: sequence analysis and manipulation to obtain glyphosate-tolerant plants. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210: 437-442.<br />\r\nMcElroy, D., Zhang, W., Cao, J. &amp; Wu, R. (1990). Isolation of an efficient actin promoter for use in rice transformation. Plant Cell 2: 163-171.</p>\r\n', NULL, 'MON-ØØ6Ø3-6', NULL, '2013-09-02 17:06:58'),
(67, 6, 'Glufosinate herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from the aerobic actinomycete <i>Streptomyces viridochromogenes</i>.', 'Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonium in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into AgrEvo''s corn lines T14 and T25 codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. PAT has extremely high substrate specificity for L-PPT and dimethylphosphinothricin (DMPT), and experimental data clearly showed that neither L-PPT''s analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any other amino acid can be acetylated by the PAT enzyme. <br>The synthetic PAT gene was derived from a PAT gene isolated from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil bacteria. The PAT enzyme occurs naturally in the soil and acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>The gene is linked to a constitutive promoter, and protein expression was detected in plant tissues, grain and silage. The PAT enzyme was not detected in protein extracts from the pollen. <br>The PAT enzyme from T14 and T25 was compared to PAT expressed from the transformed canola line HCN-92 (see Decision Document DD95-01, "Determination of Environmental Safety of AgrEvo Canada Inc''s Glufosinate Ammonium-Tolerant Canola." The molecular weight and immunoreactivity of the enzyme from the plant derived sources was similar. When the plant derived PAT enzyme was compared to PAT enzyme from a bacterial expression system, the molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein was unlikely to have been glycosylated or undergone other post translational modifications. Studies showed that the enzyme was inactivated within one minute when subjected to typical mammalian stomach conditions. <br>Expression of the pat gene in T14 and T25 derived plants results in the production of the PAT protein in corn tissues at low levels (&lt; 0.003% of total crude protein). The expressed PAT protein mediates the rapid metabolism of glufosinate ammonium herbicide.<br>Corn lines derived from T14 and T25 do not produce mRNA from the disrupted amp-r genes, nor do they  produce beta-lactamase, the enzyme encoded by the bla gene. This demonstrates that the intoduced bla genes are indeed non-functional in T14 and T25 derived corn plants.<br>The gene nucleotide sequence was provided. The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. A tissue cultured cell line of corn was used as a source of protoplasts. DNA containing the PAT gene was combined with the protoplasts. Cell colonies derived from this protoplast/DNA mixture were then regenerated and transformants were selected on a medium containing glufosinate ammonium. <br>Two primary transformants, T14 and T25, were then backcrossed with both commercial public inbred lines and proprietary inbred lines of the yellow dent corn type. The data provided demonstrated the integration of one and three copies of the genetic sequence in transformation events T25 and T14, respectively. <br>Liberty LinkTM corn lines are several generations removed from the two original transformation events.', 'Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Plant Biosafety Office', NULL, NULL, NULL),
(68, 23, 'Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola produced by inserting genes encoding the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> and glyphosate oxidase from <i>Ochrobactrum anthropi</i>.', '<b>1. The Roundup-ReadyTM Genes</b><br>Two genes have been introduced into the variety "Westar", which in combination provide field level tolerance to glyphosate the active ingredient in Roundup® herbicide. The exact nature of these genes is considered confidential business information by Monsanto. <br>The first gene expresses a bacterial derived version of a plant enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The plant version of this enzyme, ubiquitous in nature, is sensitive to glyphosate - the herbicide disrupts this essential pathway, leading to growth suppression or death of the plant. However, the bacterial derived version of this enzyme is highly insensitive to glyphosate and fulfils the aromatic amino acid needs of the plant. <br>The second gene, also bacterial derived from a strain of a species ubiquitous in nature, expresses an enzyme that degrades glyphosate, thereby deactivating the herbicidal effect. The coding sequence of this gene has been altered to enhance the efficiency of glyphosate degradation, compared to the original bacterial version. <br>A plant-derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with each of the Roundup-ReadyTM genes. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated Roundup-ReadyTM enzymes into the chloroplasts, the site of both the shikimate pathway and glyphosate mode-of-action. <br>Both genes associated with their transit peptide coding sequence, are linked to the same constitutive promoter. Roundup-ReadyTM protein expression was monitored in leaf and seed tissue of plants in two years of confined field trials. <br>The Roundup-ReadyTM proteins showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. The novel enzyme associated with the shikimate pathway, is a version of an enzyme that is ubiquitous in nature, and therefore would not be expected to be toxic or allergenic to non-target organisms. For the second novel enzyme, which degrades glyphosate, Monsanto describes experiments with a variety of substrates that show that it has a narrow substrate specificity, and appears not to affect any plant specific pathways. Both proteins were inactivated during processing of canola seed into feed ingredients.<br><b>2. Development Method</b><br>Brassica napus variety "Westar" was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector, i.e., the T-DNA region of an <i>A. tumefaciens</i> plasmid from which virulence and disease causing genes were removed, and replaced with the Roundup-ReadyTM genes. The T-DNA portion of A. tumefaciens plasmids are generally known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in GT73. <br><b>3. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genome</b><br>Monsanto has provided information on segregation and Southern blot analysis that demonstrates that GT73 has a single genetic insert, consisting of single copies of the Roundup-ReadyTM genes. GT73 is several generations removed from the original transformant. Mendelian inheritance of the herbicide tolerance, and Southern and PCR analyses of third-generation material field tested in 1992 show the stability of the introduced traits. <br>Monsanto has backcrossed GT73 to B. rapa, and the herbicide tolerance has been successfully transferred. This suggests that the genetic insert is stably located in the B. rapa portion of the amphidiploid B. rapa/B. oleracea genome of B. napus.', 'Plant Biosafety Office, Canadian Food Inspection Agency', 'MON-ØØØ73-7', NULL, NULL),
(69, 52, 'Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting a naturally glyphosate tolerant form of the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from <i>A. tumefaciens</i> strain CP4.', 'Transgenic cotton lines 1445 and 1698 were developed by using recombinant DNA techniques to introduce a gene for EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase), isolated from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 that encodes an enzyme which is naturally tolerant to glyphosate, the active ingredient of Roundupþ herbicide. <br>In addition, nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase II) gene isolated from bacterial transposon Tn5 that codes for resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin to function as a selectable marker in plants, and another selectable marker gene aad (3"(9)-O-aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase (AAD) to function in bacterial cells to confer resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin antibiotics but does not express have also been introduced into lines 1445 and 1698.  The transgenic cotton lines that are the subject of the petition were developed by a widely used technique called Agro-infection which essentially involves using a plant pathogenic strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its disarmed plasmid vector.<br>Roundupþ herbicide contains the active ingredient glyphosate which is a non-selective, post-emergent weed control agent.  The target site of action of glyphosate is EPSPS that is present in all plants, bacteria, and fungi as a component of the Shikimate pathway of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.  The CP4 EPSPS which is naturally resistant to the inhibition by glyphosate has been introduced into 1445 and 1698 to confer tolerance to the foliar application of glyphosate.<br>Cotton line 1445 differs from non-transgenic cotton only in the insertion of three new genes, EPSPS, nptII, and aad, and in the expression of two new proteins, EPSPS and NPTII. The aad gene is not expressed in the modified cotton. The new proteins are expressed in all tissues of the plant and throughout the plant''s lifecycle, and average less than 0.001% of cotton seed protein.<br>Approximately 40% of the cottonseed crop is used as animal feedstuff while the remainder is used in processed goods and as a food ingredient. 73% of cottonseed oil in North America is used in salad and cooking oil. About 21% of the oil is baking and frying, 2% is used in margarine and 1% is used for inedible products. Refined, bleached and deodorized cottonseed oil, the oil used for human consumption, derived from cotton line 1445 was demonstrated to contain no detectable protein. Therefore, there would be no human dietary exposure to the proteins introduced into cotton line 1445.<br>Compositional comparison of cottonseed oil from line 1445 was made to commercial non-transgenic cottonseed oil. Comparison included the fatty acid profile of the oils, vitamin E levels and levels of cyclopropenoid fatty acids and alpha-tocopherol. The composition of the oil from cotton line 1445 was comparable to that for cottonseed oil from non-transgenic commercial cotton varieties and components were within the normal range reported for cottonseed oil.', 'USDA-APHIS Reference No. 95-045-01p.; Office of Food Biotechnology, Health Canada', 'MON-Ø1445-2', NULL, NULL),
(70, 26, 'Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance.  MS lines contained the <i>barnase</i> gene from <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, RF lines contained the <i>barstar</i> gene from the same bacteria, and both lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>.', '<b>1. Nuclear Male Sterility</b><br>The male sterility gene codes for the barnase ribonuclease (RNAse). Male sterility is caused by the production of this enzyme at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. The RNAse affects RNA production, disrupting normal cell functioning and arresting early anther development. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the enzyme was only detected in the tapetum cell layer of anthers, only in early stages of their development. It was not detected in other plant tissues. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barnase is a small single-domain protein, containing no disulfide bonds, metalion cofactors or other non-peptide components. It unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, other than with ribonucleases from other bacilli. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed. <br>The barnase gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonucleases are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants.<br><b>2. Fertility Restoration</b><br>The fertility restoration gene codes for the barstar enzyme. This enzyme is a ribonuclease inhibitor and specifically inhibits the barnase RNAse. Barnase and its inhibitor barstar form a one-to-one complex, in which the RNAse is inactivated. The barnase-barstar complex is very stable in the absence of a denaturant and the inhibition is very specific. <br>The barstar gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonuclease inhibitors are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the production of the enzyme only occurs at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barstar is a small single-domain protein that unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br><b>3. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance</b><br>Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into MS1 and RF1 codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. PAT has extremely high substrate specificity for L-PPT and dimethylphosphinothricin (DMTT), but cannot acetylate L-PPTs analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid. <br>The gene was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an aerobic soil actinomycete. The PAT enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>A plant derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with the gene. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated enzyme into chloroplasts. The PAT enzyme was detected in leaves, but not in flower buds or seeds. <br>The nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, except with other phosphinothricin acetyltransferases originating from different organisms. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br><b>4. Kanamycin Resistance</b><br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. <br>The kanamycin resistance gene codes for the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) that prevents kanamycin from binding to ribosomes, thereby rendering the cells resistant. The gene was isolated from Escherichia coli, a facultative anaerobic member of the Enterobacteriaceae usually found in the lower part of the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals. The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. <br>The gene is linked to a weak constitutive promoter. The enzyme was not detected in unprocessed honey or pollen samples. <br>The expressed enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post-transcriptional modifications. <br>The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, other than with other peptides that have a similar function (aminoglycoside 3''-phosphotransferases, kanamycin kinases, streptomycin 3''-kinases). No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br><b>5. Development Method</b><br>Brassica napus cultivar Drakkar" was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. The vector contained the T-DNA region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which disease-causing genes were removed and replaced with the genes of interest. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in MS1 and RF1. <br>6. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genomes<br>The data provided clearly showed that there was no incorporation of any coding region from outside the T-DNA borders and that only one copy was integrated at a single insertion site. <br>Deletion studies at the insertion site showed no evidence that a native plant gene was interrupted. The insertion site was found to be located in the B. rapa portion of the amphidiploid B. rapa/B. oleracea genome of B. napus. <br>Segregation was predictable over all generations observed and showed that transformation resulted in integration at one single dominant locus. <br>MS1 and RF1 are several generations removed from the original transformants. Comparisons between the original transgenic plant and these lines show no difference in the presence and expression of the genes nor in the insertion site.', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(71, 65, 'Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance.  MS lines contained the <i>barnase</i> gene from <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, RF lines contained the <i>barstar</i> gene from the same bacteria, and both lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>.', '<b>1. Nuclear Male Sterility</b><br>The male sterility gene codes for the barnase ribonuclease (RNAse). Male sterility is caused by the production of this enzyme at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. The RNAse affects RNA production, disrupting normal cell functioning and arresting early anther development. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the enzyme was only detected in the tapetum cell layer of anthers, only in early stages of their development. It was not detected in other plant tissues. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barnase is a small single-domain protein, containing no disulfide bonds, metalion cofactors or other non-peptide components. It unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, other than with ribonucleases from other bacilli. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed. <br>The barnase gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonucleases are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants.<br><b>2. Fertility Restoration</b><br>The fertility restoration gene codes for the barstar enzyme. This enzyme is a ribonuclease inhibitor and specifically inhibits the barnase RNAse. Barnase and its inhibitor barstar form a one-to-one complex, in which the RNAse is inactivated. The barnase-barstar complex is very stable in the absence of a denaturant and the inhibition is very specific. <br>The barstar gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonuclease inhibitors are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the production of the enzyme only occurs at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barstar is a small single-domain protein that unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br><b>3. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance</b><br>Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into MS1 and RF1 codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. PAT has extremely high substrate specificity for L-PPT and dimethylphosphinothricin (DMTT), but cannot acetylate L-PPTs analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid. <br>The gene was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an aerobic soil actinomycete. The PAT enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>A plant derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with the gene. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated enzyme into chloroplasts. The PAT enzyme was detected in leaves, but not in flower buds or seeds. <br>The nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, except with other phosphinothricin acetyltransferases originating from different organisms. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br><b>4. Kanamycin Resistance</b><br>Kanamycin is an aminoglycosidic antibiotic that binds to bacterial ribosomes thus disrupting normal protein synthesis and killing the bacterial cell. <br>The kanamycin resistance gene codes for the enzyme neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) that prevents kanamycin from binding to ribosomes, thereby rendering the cells resistant. The gene was isolated from Escherichia coli, a facultative anaerobic member of the Enterobacteriaceae usually found in the lower part of the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals. The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. <br>The gene is linked to a weak constitutive promoter. The enzyme was not detected in unprocessed honey or pollen samples. <br>The expressed enzyme was compared to the bacterial protein: molecular weights were similar, indicating that the protein had not been glycosylated nor had it undergone post-transcriptional modifications. <br>The nucleotide sequence showed no significant homology with any known toxins or allergens. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, other than with other peptides that have a similar function (aminoglycoside 3''-phosphotransferases, kanamycin kinases, streptomycin 3''-kinases). No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed.<br>5. Development Method<br>Brassica napus cultivar Drakkar" was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. The vector contained the T-DNA region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which disease-causing genes were removed and replaced with the genes of interest. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in MS1 and RF1. <br><b>6. Stable Integration into the Plant''s Genomes</b><br>The data provided clearly showed that there was no incorporation of any coding region from outside the T-DNA borders and that only one copy was integrated at a single insertion site. <br>Deletion studies at the insertion site showed no evidence that a native plant gene was interrupted. The insertion site was found to be located in the B. rapa portion of the amphidiploid B. rapa/B. oleracea genome of B. napus. <br>Segregation was predictable over all generations observed and showed that transformation resulted in integration at one single dominant locus. <br>MS1 and RF1 are several generations removed from the original transformants. Comparisons between the original transgenic plant and these lines show no difference in the presence and expression of the genes nor in the insertion site.', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL),
(72, 27, 'Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance.  MS lines contained the <i>barnase</i> gene from <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, RF lines contained the <i>barstar</i> gene from the same bacteria, and both lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i>.', '<b>1. Nuclear Male Sterility</b><br>The male sterility gene encodes the barnase ribonuclease (RNAse). Male sterility is caused by the production of this enzyme at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. The RNAse affects RNA production, disrupting normal cell functioning and arresting early anther development. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the enzyme was detected only in early stages of development of the tapetum cell layer of anthers. It was not detected in other plant tissues. <br>The barnase gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonucleases are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barnase is a small single-domain protein, containing no disulfide bonds, metalion cofactors or other non-peptide components. It unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using a database of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the database other than bacilli ribonucleases. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed. <br>The gene and its associated regulatory sequences are the same as those of the line MS1 that was authorized for unconfined release by AAFC on April 28, 1995 (please see DD95-04).<br><b>2. Fertility Restoration</b><br>The fertility restoration gene codes for the barstar enzyme. This enzyme is a ribonuclease inhibitor and specifically inhibits the barnase RNAse. Barnase and its inhibitor barstar form a one-to-one complex, in which the RNAse is inactivated. The barnase-barstar complex is very stable in the absence of a denaturant and the inhibition is very specific. <br>The barstar gene was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a common soil bacterium frequently used as a source for industrial enzymes. The enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, ribonuclease inhibitors are very commonly found in various organisms including bacteria and plants. <br>The gene is linked to an anther-specific promoter, and the enzyme is only produced at a specific stage during anther development in the tapetum cell layer of the anther. It was not detected in other plant tissues. <br>The full nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. Barstar is a small single-domain protein that unfolds completely into an inactive form when heated. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed. <br>The gene and its associated regulatory sequences are identical to those of the line RF1 that was authorized for unconfined release by AAFC on April 28, 1995 (please see DD95-04).<br><b>3. Glufosinate Ammonium Tolerance</b><br>Phosphinothricin (PPT), the active ingredient of glufosinate ammonium, inhibits glutamine synthetase, which results in the accumulation of lethal levels of ammonia in susceptible plants within hours of application. <br>The phosphinothricin tolerance gene engineered into MS8 and RF3 codes for PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). This enzyme detoxifies phosphinothricin by acetylation into an inactive compound. PAT has extremely high substrate specificity for L-PPT and dimethylphosphinothricin (DMTT), but cannot acetylate L-PPTs analog L-glutamic acid, D-PPT, nor any protein amino acid. Expression levels of PAT varied from 0.04 mg/g (f.w.) of protein in seeds, to 1.80 mg/g (f.w.) of protein in leaves. <br>The gene was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus, an aerobic soil actinomycete. The PAT enzyme is therefore naturally occurring in the soil. More generally, acetyltransferases are ubiquitous in nature. <br>A plant derived coding sequence expressing a chloroplast transit peptide was co-introduced with the gene. This peptide facilitates the import of the newly translated enzyme into chloroplasts. The PAT enzyme was detected in leaves, but not in flower buds or seeds. <br>The nucleotide sequence of the gene was provided. When subjected to comparative analyses using the FASTDB algorithm of Intelligenetics with three databases of polypeptide sequences, the enzyme amino acid sequence did not show significant homology with other proteins present in the databases, except with other phosphinothricin acetyltransferases originating from different organisms. No resemblance with potential toxins or allergens was observed. <br>The gene and its associated regulatory sequences were identical to those of the lines MS1 and RF1 that were authorized for unconfined release by AAFC on April 28, 1995 (please see DD95-04).<br><b>4. Development Method</b><br>Brassica napus cultivar "Drakkar" was transformed using a disarmed non-pathogenic Agrobacterium tumefaciens vector. The vector contained the transfer DNA (T-DNA) region of an Agrobacterium plasmid from which disease-causing genes were removed and replaced with the genes of interest. The T-DNA portion of the plasmid is known to insert randomly into the plant''s genome and the insertion is usually stable, as was shown to be the case in MS8 and RF3. <br><b>5. Stable Integration into the Plants'' Genomes</b><br>The data provided clearly showed that there was no incorporation of any coding region from outside the T-DNA borders and that only one copy was integrated at a single insertion site. <br>The insertion site was very well characterized and determined to be located in the B. oleracea portion of the amphidiploid B. rapa/B. oleracea genome of B. napus for RF3, and in the B. rapa genome of B. napus for MS8. <br>Segregation was predictable over all generations observed and showed that transformation resulted in integration at one single dominant locus. <br>Comparisons between the original transformants and derived lines several generations away from these transformants show no difference in the presence and expression of the genes nor in the insertion site.', NULL, 'MS8xRF3', NULL, NULL);
