31807 and 31808, that are defined as those<br> cotton plants that express cryIA(c) gene coding for CryIA(c) toxin protein from the<br> Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) that confers insect resistance to<br> lepidopteran insects and the bromoxynil-specific nitrilase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. <br> Another gene (kanR) that is used to select for the transgenic plants in the laboratory has<br> been introduced into these plants.  This marker gene, from Escherichia coli, encodes<br> the enzyme, neomycin phosphotransferase, that inactivates the antibiotic kanamycin<br> (and its chemical relatives).  Two promoters were used to direct the expression of these<br> genes in the plant.  Promoters direct the production of the proteins to the cells where<br> the gene product must be produced so the transgenic plants express the desired<br> phenotype.  One promoter was derived from cauliflower mosaic virus and is called the<br> 35S promoter and the second was a chimera of the 35S promoter and the promoter<br> from a mannopine synthase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.  These genes were<br> introduced into these cotton plants via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation<br> protocol.  This is a well-characterized procedure that has been used widely for over a<br> decade for introducing various genes of interest directly into plant genomes.