The problems of Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi) and other fumonisin-producing species on maize are reviewed under the following headings: the maize-G. fujikuroi relationship; F. proliferatum; toxicity of fumonisins; naturally occurring toxicoses; human health hazards; toxicity and carcinogenicity in experimental animal systems; toxicity to plants; occurrence of fumonisins; risk assessment of fumonisins in maize; current methods for reducing fumonisins; developing methods for reducing fumonisins and future outlook. The existing and potential strategies for reducing the occurrence and/or impact of fumonisins in maize are discussed.