The safety assessment of a novel livestock feed or human food looks at the molecular, compositional, toxicological and nutritional characteristics of the novel feed compared with its conventional counterpart. Safety considerations include the animal eating the feed, consumption of the animal product by consumers, worker safety and any other environmental aspects from use of the feed. In addition to the intrinsic properties of the introduced protein, the safety assessment also considers possible unexpected consequences arising from expression of the novel trait (eg, metabolic consequences of expressing a new enzyme, or altering the expression of an endogenous enzyme), or introduction of new genes into the plant genome (so called pleiotropic effects).