An exploratory study of the willingness to produce and consume transgenic bananas was carried out in Costa Rica.  Transgenic crops are plants with novel genes incorporated into their genome through the use of genetic engineering techniques.  Farm managers' opinions were gathered using faxed questionnaires while final consumers' opinions were obtained through personal intercept interviews. Consumers expressed a lack of knowledge about transgenic crops and had received non-favour but also non-negative information through the media about their adoption.  The results of a probit regression model show that, other things being equal, younger, wealthier consumers, with higher levels of education, with smaller households are more likely to consume transgenic bananas.  All producers included in the study consider they would adopt a new transgenic variety.  Producers' willingness to pay for such a variety would depend on its capacity to reduce pest management costs and is estimated to range between $500 and $999 per hectare.  This study stresses the potential for development and adoption of a new transgenic variety that would alleviate the current issues faced by banana farmers.  On the other hand, final consumers should be better informed on the nature of such products, their benefits and risks.