With the development of genetic engineering, more and more transgenic plants and their products released to people's lives and greatly changed our lives. The controversy over potential ecological risks and the impact of transgenic plants on human health are becoming increasingly acute. Therefore, the techniques for detecting transgenic plants must be established and perfected. The advances in detection techniques of transgenic plants were summarized. The progresses of PCR, ELISA as well as gene chip in transgenic plants detection were emphasized, and their characteristics were compared. Furthermore, detection on specific metabolites in transgenic plants was also introduced. Based on detection of the differential protein, one project of two-dimensional electrophoresis technology for traceability of genetically modified organisms and products was put forward finally.