This paper discusses how advances in plant biotechnology can be deployed to prevent a growing population going hungry in the 21st century, now that gains in food production provided by the Green Revolution in the last half of the 20th century appear to have reached their ceiling. Consideration is given to: the cost of biotechnology; the potential of genetic engineering; biotechnology research useful in Developing Countries; problems associated with the use of gene-protection technologies; intellectual property rights; and solutions to speed the development of biotechnology capacity.