The first genetically modified (GM) crop incorporated into Argentina's agriculture was herbicide-tolerant soybean in 1996.  From that date on, almost 900 field tests have been conducted on different crops and traits and nine additional events have been released commercially both for maize and cotton (herbicide tolerance and insect resistance). In the last growing season, GM varieties represented over 90% of the area planted with soybeans, 70% in the case of maize and 60% for cotton.  As a result of this, Argentina has become the second largest producer of GM crops, after the United States, with over 17 million hectares planted.  This review - commissioned by ArgenBio, the Argentine Council for Information and Development of Biotechnology - on the economic impacts of GM crops on the Argentinian agricultural sector concludes that the first decade of GM crops in Argentinian agriculture has been a period of large benefits, not only for the agricultural sector, but for the economy as a whole; however it has become clear that this process has not been free of both costs and uncertainties, issues that remain open and should be addressed and widely debated in the future.