Genetically modified trees (GM trees) are long-living plants. In regard to their special ecological and economic importance deployment of genetically modified trees is controversial because of the possible risks they are involved.
Commercial use of GM trees for example as a plantation culture is supported by proponents, if they were previously subjected to a comprehensive risk analysis and safety assessment. In contrast, many critics exclude a commercial use of GM trees completely. They demand to stop the research.
In this paper, the possibilities of a sustainable, environmentally sound and resource-efficient use of GM trees are discussed. Arguments are given in favor of GM trees in respect to both, as a source of renewable raw material to cover an increasing demand for energy and chemical raw materials.
Besides, arguments are given in favor of GM trees to mitigate effects of climate change in comparison to agronomical energy crops such as maize, sugar beet and cereals.
Finally, an overview of an international project on risk assessment of GM trees (recently approved by the European Union) is given. The paper concludes with a presentation of requested and approved field trials of GM trees in the last five years in Europe.