This issue (15 papers) presents diverse studies on some of the ways in which evolution driven by both conscious and unconscious selection by humans has shaped the development of modern agriculture. Specific topics covered include the following: reciprocal insights into adaptation from agricultural and evolutionary studies in tomato; evolutionary response of landraces to climate change in centers of crop diversity; evolution of weeds and invasives from domesticated ancestors; local origin of two vegetative compatibility groups of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum in Australia; the interplay between the effectiveness of the grass-endophyte mutualism and the genetic variability of the host plant; evolutionary ecology of mycorrhizal functional diversity in agricultural systems; evolutionary ecology of insect adaptation to Bt crops; and adaptive management of pest resistance by Helicoverpa species in Australia to the Cry2Ab Bt toxin in Bollgard II cotton.