Perception of genetically modified foods (GMF) by consumers in Argentina was investigated using the repertory grid method in conjunction with generalized Procrustes analysis. The following factors were considered: type of genetic modification (microbial, plant or animal), rationale for modification (nutritional, sensory or economic), labeling or not labeling as genetically modified, controls (local or international) and associated risks (health or environment). 20 men and 20 women were recruited from a typical Argentine town. Differences in perception between men and women were not significant. Participants used a greater number of negative constructs ('risky to health' and 'changing the environment') than positive constructs ('beneficial', 'improvements in nourishment'). They want these foods to be regulated and labeled as such, showing distrust in Argentine health organizations. Some participants considered GMF as 'beneficial' if produced to improve their nutritional value, but 'superficial' and 'whimsical' if produced to improve sensory properties. Participants separated statements according to the rationale for modification, but not according to whether the modification was on an animal, plant or microorganism.