The Subcommittee on Basic Research of the Committee on Science held a series of three hearings entitled, 'Plant Genome Research: From the Lab to the Field to the Market: Parts I-III,' to examine plant genomics, its application to commercially-important crop plants, and the benefits, safety, and oversight of plant varieties produced using biotechnology. The testimony and other information presented at these hearings and information gathered at various briefings provides the basis for the findings and recommendations in this report.