This article provides information on the steps followed in food safety assessment of novel foods. Substantial equivalence is the approach used in assessing the safety of a GM crop and its products. The principal aspects considered in the safety assessment are the molecular, compositional, toxicological, and nutritional characteristics of the novel food/feed in comparison with its conventional counterpart. When substantial equivalence is established between the GM feed/food and its counterpart then the novel food can be treated in the same manner with respect to safety.