This article is a report of nearly 30 years of investigations made at INRA Rennes on oilseed rape pollination. During those years, the cultivars diversified and with them the pollination needs. Two apparently contradictory purposes were followed: i) to optimize the pollen transfer to produce hybrid seed, ii) to reduce pollen transfer to warrant pure seeds production or to limit GMO pollen dispersal. Knowing that pollen transfers are due to insects and wind, the role of the two vectors was respectively studied. Briefly here we show that the role of insects has often been underestimated even in the pollination of conventional (hermaphroditic) oilseed rape and that the pollen of oilseed rape is not suited to wind dispersal and is therefore transported at only short distance.