This report presents the findings from an exploratory investigation of the potential economic impacts if Canada were to introduce mandatory labelling of food products containing ingredients from biotechnology and non-biotechnology. Canada does not currently require mandatory labelling of foods containing biotechnology ingredients except where the composition, nutritional value ora safety of a product is significantly different from its conventional counterparts or where allergen risks exist. The findings presented are based on a program of interviews with a limited number of Canadian industry participants at each level in the supply chain for grain and oilseed products, plus a review of relevant secondary research.